Improving Gender Outcomes in Agriculture Programming: What Can We Do?
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Transcript of Improving Gender Outcomes in Agriculture Programming: What Can We Do?
Improving Gender Outcomes in Agriculture Programming:
What Can We Do?
Sylvia CabusGender Advisor
USAID/Bureau for Food Security1a
TOPS Food Security NetworkMaputo
September 2011
Objectives
By the end of the session, participants will:• Understand the importance of gender in agriculture
and food security• Understand what USAID is doing to integrate gender
in value chains• Understand the connections between nutrition,
agriculture, and gender• The ability to identify additional resources
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Support the incorporation of gender best practices in the development and implementation of Country Investment Plans
Use consultation as a tool for gender integration. Assess how countries use social/gender analysis to involve and help ensure meaningful participation of women and men in Focus Country’s consultative process
Develop approaches to target men and women with agricultural interventions
As an agency, our commitments are:
Promote M&E of the gender impacts of USAID investments
Improve targeting of financial services to women
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CIPS
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTHOW DO WE?
Develop approaches to target men and women with agricultural interventions
1. Design
2. Implement3. M & E
4. Assess/ redesign
IEHA Gender Assessment• Build gender objectives into designs
(scopes with criteria) based on good gender analysis (TIPS)
• Formulate appropriate program-level indicators
• Insist on sex-disaggregated targets• Establish sex-disaggregated baselines• Work with partners through annual
work plans to ensure gender issues are identified and addressed
• Monitor performance through annual results reporting
• Change design if necessary
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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT HOW DO WE?
Develop approaches to target men and women with agricultural interventions THROUGH AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAINS
Guidance on:
How gender issues affect agricultural value chains.
A process for analyzing gender issues in agricultural value chains.
Strategies for addressing gender issues in agricultural value chains.
Promoting Gender Equitable Opportunities in Agricultural Value Chains
A Guide to Integrating Gender into Agricultural Value Chains 5
“add women and stir” to the value chain
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Characteristics of Gender Equitable Agriculture Value Chain Programs
Value chain programs that support gender equity goals:
• Understand men’s and women’s roles and relations.
• Foster equitable participation. • Address the needs of women. • Support women’s economic advancement. • Promote gender equitable market-driven
solutions. • Design equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms. • Include men (in addition to women) in defining
the “problem” and the solution.
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Gender-equitable value chains
HOW DO WE? Develop approaches to target men and women with agricultural
interventions IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Support women scientists in scholarship and fellowship programs (AWARD, Borlaug, Cochrane)
Competitive grants program with technical points for gender considerations
Include women in research trials Target research on crops where women are
likely to benefit
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HOW DO WE? Develop approaches to target men and
women with agricultural interventions in AGRICULTURAL INPUTS AND TECHNOLOGY
Ensure equitable membership policies for producer associations
Target women’s associations
Adjust training programs - length, timing and mobility
Community agriculture extension volunteers
Husband/wife teams as lead farmers
Farming as a family business
Literacy/numeracy training for associations
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HOW DO WE? Develop approaches to target men
and women with agricultural interventions in
VALUE-ADDED EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Business development services to women agribusinesses
Income-generating entrepreneurial activities
Ensure female participation persists with commercialization
IEHA Gender Assessment Synthesis Report, September 2010
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HOW DO WE? Develop approaches to target men and women with agricultural
interventions inPOST HARVEST STORAGE, MARKETING AND TRADE
Securing storage for seed Market information systems
help to overcome mobility constraints
Profiling women in trade shows and fairs
Supporting institutionalization of gender issues in regional bodies
IEHA Gender Assessment Synthesis Report, September 2010
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HOW DO WE? Improve targeting of financial
services to women?
IEHA Gender Assessment Synthesis Report, September 2010
Assist women to open bank accounts or insist on joint accounts
Embedded services whereby buyers provide farmers with in-kind credit
Increase availability of banking technologies
Project-supported lines of credit from local banks and micro-financing institutions
Linking village savings and loan associations with Savings and Credit Cooperatives
Partnerships between banks and processors
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HOW DO WE?Promote M&E of the gender impacts of FTF
investments:• establishing sex-disaggregated targets,• tracking impacts of investments on women
and men,• measuring the progress of women’s
achievements related to men’s?
IEHA Gender Assessment Lessons Establish gender-related objectives
in design phase Insist upon sex-disaggregated
baseline data collection Focus on outcome not output Initiate gender impact assessments
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Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index
Five domains to be measured:1. Women’s role in household decision-making
related to agricultural production2. Women’s access to productive capital, such as credit
or land 3. The adequacy of woman’s income to feed her family
a nutritious diet4. Women’s access to leadership roles within the
community5. Women’s and men’s labor time allocations
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Index developed in partnership with: International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI) Oxford Poverty and Human Development
Initiative (OPHI) Alkire-Foster Method Piloted Summer 2011 Ready to launch by early 2012 Performance Monitoring in all FTF countries and for
Impact Evaluations
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Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index
Key Linkages: Gender, Nutrition, and Agriculture
• Focus on women because of their role as care givers, producers, processors of food
• Nutrition and health protocolsCustoms and beliefs detrimental to child health and development
• Gender approach: involving men
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• Women as food producers• Women as income-earning farmers• Women as health/nutrition-care providers• Women as nutritionally vulnerable population• Women and men as partners in agri-nutrition efforts
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Key Linkages: Gender, Nutrition, and Agriculture
Mozambique• 90% of women work in agriculture• 62% of agriculture labor force• Many constraints:
– Only 20% of women have rights to land (2+ hectares)
– Land tenure/access is a function of kinship– Heavy workloads in addition to labor (childcare,
household)And also opportunities- Participation in business association and
leadership roles- Access to markets- Off-farm income-generating activities 19
PROGRAMMINGOTHER IMPORTANT AREAS
Increasing options for family planning
Access to land Improving health of (especially
pregnant) women Increasing access to fuel and water Trafficking Gender-based violence Trade, labor, and manufacturing Migration
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Thank you!
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