Improving Building Energy Efficiency: Adoption, Enforcement, and Compliance with Energy Standards...
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Transcript of Improving Building Energy Efficiency: Adoption, Enforcement, and Compliance with Energy Standards...
Improving Building Energy Efficiency: Adoption, Enforcement,
and Compliance with Energy Standards and Codes
Minjoo LeeASHRAE Summer Fellow
Bucknell University ‘12
August 4, 2011
Commercial Building Facts 68% of nation’s electricity 39% of total energy consumption 12% of water usage 38% of CO2 emission
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/central/Home/DrinkingWater/http://amazinggirlz.com/articles/the-invention-of-electricity/
http://www.dezeen.com/2009/02/19/westerdok-apartment-building-by-mvrdv/
Why the focus on building energy efficiency?
Lower energy bills for consumers Creates jobs Better working environment Raises the value of property Less GHG Limited supply of natural gas and coal
“When it comes to saving money and growing our economy, energy efficiency isn't just low hanging fruit; it's fruit laying on the ground.”
- Secretary of Energy, Steven Chu
http://casa-diseno-blog.com/category/decorating-ideas/sustainable-eco-design/http://speedlaces.wordpress.com/2011/02/07/the-money-tree/
Most Cost-Effective Method of Achieving Energy Efficiency:
Standards & CodesAdopting, enforcing, and complying with existing standards and codes is the cheapest and the most effective way to make buildings energy efficient
Adoption
Enforcement
Compliancehttp://www.themiamilaw.com/
http://www.clipsahoy.com/occupations/police/police7.htmhttp://tallyhypnosis.com/?attachment_id=184
Standards & CodesStandard:Voluntary until
adopted into a codeMore general and
has more purposes in terms of use
ASHRAE develops standards, not codes
Code:Only one purpose –
to be adopted into law
ICC develops codes
http://www.ashrae.org/technology/page/548http://www.lasergrade.com/sbc.shtml
Who is involved?
History of Energy Policies
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA),
2009
Energy Policy Act of 2005
Energy Policy Act of 1992
National Energy
Conservation Policy Act (NECPA) ,
1978
http://www.city-data.com/articles/U-S-Capitol-Capitol-Hill-Washington-D-C.html
Energy Code Status Within the U.S.
Main Concerns in Achieving Energy Efficiency
Out-of-Date Data Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
Conducted by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of DOE since 1979
Currently using 2003 data because 2007 CBECS was invalid; not enough funds for 2011 CBECS
Building Rating Systems Cause confusion in the market US Green Building Council: Leadership in Energy and Environment Development (LEED) Green Building Initiative: Green Globes certification
http://www.crownci.com/drupal7/?q=content/customershttp://harrisconstruction.com/leed.htmlhttp://www.rapidchange.com/Home/RapidReport/RAPIDREPORTMay2009/RAPIDREPORTMarch2009/RapidReportArchive/QADec08/tabid/133/Default.aspx
Main Concerns…Training for Code Officials Different between jurisdictions Inconsistent structure of training
Upfront Cost Misconception of high cost; not thinking about payback Vancouver example: moderately high-performance building was 9% less expensive and consumed less energy
No Statewide Energy Policy Up to state and local jurisdictions to adopt codes No urgency in energy savings
http://www.mpnj.com/mp_building_dept.asphttp://www.myrecipes.com/healthy-diet/eat-healthy-for-cheap-tips-10000001867714/http://www.layoutsparks.com/1/122455/city-lights-building-skyscrapers.html
Recommendations1) Target Commercial Buildings
Development of Standards & Codes2) Up-to-Date Data Collection3) Focus on Standards of Certain Building
SubsystemsAdoption
4) Support a National Building Code5) More Energy Disclosure Laws
Enforcement & Compliance6) Revise Current Programs7) Training for Code Officials
http://www.changeyourlifetips.com/articles/
1. Target Commercial Buildings
2. Up-to-Date Data
Collection Best to first look at short term goals rather than tackling both residential and commercial
Easier because it is more leveraged and businesses can afford to be involved
More professionals involved in the projects, more willing to follow codes
Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS):o Need new data to use as
reference for current technology
o Energy Star, ASHRAE, and other organizations use CBECS to set benchmarks
o Need to continue CBECS; more funding needed
o Relatively inexpensive: $4 million
3. Focus on Standards of Certain Building Subsystems
Important to have standards that address all components BUT overwhelming to fix every element of building at once => focus on certain standards, take smaller steps
Standards focused on lighting, heating and cooling systems Lighting: 25%-50% Heating: 33%-50% Increase daylighto Daylighting can help energy savings by
30%-80% annually
Better insulation in walls, ceilings, basement, and windows minimize heat loss
http://modernfurniturepics.com/living-room-designs/bathroom-with-big-window-and-outstanding-view-318http://www.ingeniosus.net/archives/2010/02
4. Support a National Building Code
Hard to establish building policies at federal level because regulated locally
Should be flexible enough to match different climates; advancement in technology should make it easier today
Should not mandate methods but set minimum benchmark, outcome is more important
Waxman-Markey Bill, 2009o Included national building energy codeo Perceived as overly ambitious: 50%
reduction in energy consumption by 2014
Building should compare its performance to its own past performance
5. More Energy Disclosure Laws Common in Europe and Australia Similar method to labeling appliances with Energy Star Adopted in Washington, D.C., Austin, Texas, New York City, San Francisco, and the state of Washington – quickly gaining popularity Has created jobs in sustainability services firms Stimulate states to adopt energy codes
Benefits:1. More occupants, higher lease, higher
sales2. Competition in the marketplace3. Influence building owners to retrofit
their building to have higher ratings compared to competitorshttp://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/energy-star-product-rebates/new-jersey-energy-star-product-rebates
6. Revise Current Programs
PACE: Property Assessed Clean Energy Special type of property loan for retrofitting – financing energy efficiency and renewable energy projects; stays with property, not the owner
Popular idea in the beginning Federal government provided over $150 million in grant money to help originally Was intended for residential and commercial
Lack of support from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac discouraged many states Currently 4 active PACE programs and 9 programs in the design process Need to be revised to only address commercial buildings http://blog.harschrealestate.com/the-berkshires/you-have-decided-to-sell-your-berkshire-home-now-what/
7. Training for Code Officials Training needs to be more consistent and similar between jurisdictions Overall structure of the training should be similar Becomes easier for jurisdictions to figure out what training methods work or what methods do not work when structure of training is similar Communication between jurisdictions can become more widespread in search of better ways to make changes in the training
In-class education by experienced code official, engineer, and
architect
On-site mentorship Written exams
Annual retraining with workshops
provided by organizations
like ASHRAE and ICC
In Summary… Following energy standards and codes is the most cost-effective way to achieve high energy efficiency of buildings
Better for economy, create jobs
To continue having comfortable lifestyle, changes need to be made to reduce energy consumption
Quicker depletion of fossil fuel – limited supply
Preemptive http://imagesgellery.blogspot.com/2011/06/buildings-images.html
Questions?