IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please read first!
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Transcript of IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please read first!
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IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please read first!DISCLAIMER:• The following translated document originates from Brazil, is based on
Brazilian data and experience, and was developed by EMBRAPA for Brazilian farmers. Aspects of SBR development and fungicide efficacy comparisons may not be the same under U.S. and Brazilian conditions. Similarly, certain control measures suggested by Brazilian officials reflect the unique SBR situation in Brazil, as well as year-round soybean production in certain parts of that country. Therefore, do not use this information for making fungicide purchasing or SBR control decisions in the U.S. Instead, use control measures developed by your state’s Land Grant University scientists. Be advised that fungicide product names for the same active ingredient and manufacturer are typically different for Brazil and the U.S.; however, the common names for the active ingredient (such as tebuconazole or propiconazole or azoxystrobin) are the same in both countries.
For more information or clarification about the translated document, contact:D. HershmanExtension Plant PathologistUniversity of Kentucky, Princeton, [email protected]
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SOYBEAN RUST:SOYBEAN RUST:
IdentificationIdentification
ManagementManagement
Control Control
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History 1902 – first report in Japan 1914 – in southeast Asia 1976 - Puerto Rico 1979 - Lavras, MG - Dr. Josué Deslandes 1990 - Uganda, Kenya and Rwuanda
1998 - Zimbabwe 2001 - Paraguai and Brazil 2002 – Argentina 2003 - Bolivia
2004 – Uruguai,Colombia and USA
Up to 1992 – only one species identified as soybean rust
Phakopsora pachyrhiziIn 1992 – found a 2nd species causing rust on soybean
P. meibomiae – American rust
P. pachyrhizi – Asian rust
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Soybean rust around the world
1934
1902
1957
1940
19661934
1998
2001
1999
2004
20012002
2003 1996
2004
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Evolution of soybean rust in Brazil
2000/2004
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PA
PA PA
PA
2000/01 2001/02
2002/032003/04
Presence detected
Severe losses detected
Actual
status
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BRS 154
BRS 153
1.632 kg/ha 3.015 kg/ha
2.344 kg/ha3.022 kg/ha
treated Control
Losses: 46%
Losses: 23%
Cruzaltinha, RS – 2002
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São Desidério, BA - 2003
3550 kg/ha1470 kg/ha
Losses : 58%
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Pirapó, Paraguai – 2001
Treated Control
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Losses
Crop Season 2003/04
1. Fungicides + spray US$ 860 million
2. Yield + taxes US$ 1.2 billion
3. Total: US$ 2.06 billion
Lazzaroto& Roessing, 2004
Cost of Fungicides:
US$ 30/ha (1 spray)
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Capacitation of 100,000 farmers in 2005
Consortium anti-rust
Disease identification,
management and
control
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Initial Symptoms
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Soybean Rust
Typical symptoms:tiny dark brown lesions; leaves become yellow and falls.
J.T. Yorinori
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Soybean rust
Symptoms are easily identified againts bright background
J.T. Yorinori
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Soybean Rust
Diagnosis is confirmed through observation of small blisters on the underside of soybean leaves.
C.V. Godoy
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J.T. Yorinori
Soybean Rust
30 X lens to observe uredias in the leaf
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uredias
W.M. Paiva
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First detection in Brazil: Foz do Iguaçu, PR - 2001
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5-7 days after inoculation
Bright background
J.T. Yorinori
J.T. Yorinori
Symptom´s Evolution Symptom´s Evolution And Defoliation And Defoliation
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9 Days after inoculation
Bright background
J.T. Yorinori
J.T. Yorinori
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25 days after inoculation
Yellowing and defoliation
J.T. Yorinori
J.T. Yorinori
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Initial symptons ocurred in R1-R2
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São Desidério/ BA - J.T. Yorinori
Early defoliation due to Asian Rust
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MATO GROSSO
Primavera do Leste, MT: 21.02.03
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MATO GROSSO
Primavera do Leste, MT: 21.02.03
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Rust on the cotyledons - rare
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Rust on the stems –
uncomon
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Rust on the pods - rare
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Etiology:
time
desease
Cycle: 5-7 (9-11) days
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Spore germination pattern
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20dias após a coleta
% d
e ge
rmin
ação
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Dissemination: wind
Dissemination
Disease cycleDisease cycle
M. Iamauti, 2004
6-7 days occurs spore liberation
J.T.Yorinori
Reproduction
Symptoms show up 5 days after
inoculation
W.M.Paiva
One pustule releases spores along 3 weeks
J.T.Yorinori
Germination
(optimun 180C – 260C)
Penetration
development
InfectionFree water on leaf surfaceMinimum: 6 hOptimun:12 - 14 h
Direct penetration through stomata
M. Iamauti G.N.Agrios
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Disease Disease misidentificationmisidentification
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Brown spot: Septoria glycines
J.T. Yorinori
J.T. Yorinori
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Bacterial blightPseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea
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Downy mildew: Peronospora manshurica
Soybean rust
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Bacterial pustuleXanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
L.M. Costamilan
A.M.R.Almeida
J.T. Yorinori
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End of Part 1
• Part 2 continues with Scouting and SBR Disease Control and Management
• Click this link to be taken to part 2 (the conclusion) of this presentation:
• http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Agronomy/Department/sbr/resources/consortiumnEnglishPart2.htm