Development of oil formation theories and their importance for peak oil
Importance of Training Certification in Oil and Gas Industry
Transcript of Importance of Training Certification in Oil and Gas Industry
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WELCOME TO
Session 1 - March 08, 2012
IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING &
CERTIFICATION IN OIL & GASINDUSTRY
API Exhibition & ConferenceSingapore
Presented By
Jaison
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WHAT IS TRAINING?
It is a learning / upgrading process that involves the
acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills,
understanding new concepts or changing of attitudes and
behaviors to enhance the performance of employees
It helps employees to develop and / or improve their
personal and organizational abilities
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Training is important because
Rapid technological innovations have made it necessary for peopleto consistently update their knowledge and skills
To bridge gap between skills requirements and skills availability
To bridge gap between collage education and Industry needs. (the
gap between a University Graduate and an industry professional).
For career advancement.
For higher motivation and retention
Prevention of obsolescence and to keep pace with times
For survival and growth of organization and nation
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WHY INDUSTRY ADOPTS CODES?
Training Program on ASME B 31.3 (2008)
CODES
2 S2 S2 S
2 C2 C2 C
Collective knowledge and ExperienceCCollective knowledge and Experienceollective knowledge and Experience
CredibilityCCredibilityredibility
Safety
(Plant, Personnel, people)
SSafetyafety
(Plant, Personnel, people)(Plant, Personnel, people)
StandardizationSStandardizationtandardization
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WHAT IS CERTIFICATION?
Certification is a process of providing writtentestimony that an individual is adequately qualified
to do certain work.
In the field of Oil and Gas Industry, certification is
very important as the inspectors are often makingcritical judgments that can have safety and/orsignificant financial consequences.
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TRAINING & CERTIFICATION
Inspection personnel must have a great deal of confidence inthe results of their work and their judgments.
While the training helps to acquire / improve the knowledge,skill and confidence level of the individual; the certificationpresents objective evidence of his knowledge and skill so thatthe stakeholders can rely on him.
Both “TRAINING & CERTIFICATION” are therefore vital andessential.
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TRAINING & CERTIFICATION
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TRAINING & CERTIFICATION
In oil and gas industry The oil, and gas industry is often exposed to hazardous and
sometimes catastrophic risks.
With equipment and service suppliers spread all over the world,working under varying local business conditions, and culturalapproaches, it can be challenging to ensure that the entire valuechain is consistently adhering to industry-specific quality standards.
To monitor the in-service equipment degradation, to detect flawsdeveloped if any, and evaluate whether these are innocuous orharmful; and also plan and execute the follow up action
This is important not only for business, but also for the safety ofindustry workers, the environment and communities.
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API Certification Programs - Objective
API's Individual Certification Programs offer a means toimprove your skills and enhance your overall jobperformance. Simply, easily, and effectively.
API Individual Certification Programs are designed topromote improved inspection capabilities, andperformance.
Certified inspectors are recognized as professionals whoare knowledgeable of industry inspection codes, andpractices
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API Certification Programs-Benefits
API's Inspector Certification Programs are based onindustry-developed standards that are recognized andused with confidence worldwide.
These standards have also provided a uniform platformthat serves as a model for many state and governmentregulations.
These API programs enable inspectors to play an activerole in improving industry health and safety; ensuringcompliance with effective inspection methodology.
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INSPECTION
Inspection : — Determination of the conformity or non-
conformity of a product or service with its stated / implied
requirements
These requirements bear on (or affect) usability of the product
and are stipulated in the relevant Codes / Standards.
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INSPECTION CODES
INSPECTOR’S PERSPECTIVE
From Inspector’s viewpoint, the Inspection Codes tell:
What to inspect
How to inspect (Method)
How much to inspect (extent)
When to inspect (Inspection Frequencies)
Who should inspect
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INSPECTION CODES
INSPECTOR’S PERSPECTIVE
And above all, the Codes give:
The acceptance criteria for inspection
i.e., — What is “acceptable” imperfection
— What is “rejectable” defect
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PLANT INSPECTIONS
The Plant equipment Inspections can be broadly divided as:
1) Inspection of new plant equipment prior to placing
them in service (during fabrication /installation)
i.e., to ascertain the “ suitability for proposed use”
2) Periodic inspection of “ In-service” plants
i.e., to ascertain the “present condition and suitability
for continued use”
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MAJOR INSPECTION CODES FOR
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Purpose Pressure
Vessels
Plant
Piping
Storage
Tanks
New Constr. ASMEBPV Codes
ASMEB 31.3
API 650
In-Service
Inspection
API 510 API 570 API 653
“ NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE
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“ NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE
V/S “ IN-SERVICE” CODE
New Construction
Inspection Code
1)Addresses non-conformities,
defects arising duringmanufacturing
‘In-Service’
Inspection Code
1)Addresses service-related
degradations (corrosion,
erosion, fatigue, HIC, HB,
etc.) and their effects on the
equipment life
“ NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE
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New Construction Code
2) Design calculations based
on weakest element of a
component, resulting inhigher than required
thickness for rest of the
component
“ In-service” Code
2) Evaluation of the
deterioration is based on
thickness required forindividual parts of a
component.
“ NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE
V/S “ IN-SERVICE” CODE
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SHELL
TYPICAL PRESSURE VESSEL
Dished Head
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“NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE V/S
“IN-SERVICE” CODE (cont’d)
Thickness by ASME formula
−= PSE
PR
t 6.0
Let thickness for seamless shell,
(E = 1), is t = 20
For weld, Radiography = spot, (E =
0.85), t =23.4 (17% High), select
plate thickness=24 mm.
It Means as per ASME,
(i) Extra thk.= 0.6 mm (on weld)
(ii) Extra thickness = 4 mm
In the shell
4 mm
“NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE V/S
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NEW CONSTRUCTION CODE V/S
“IN-SERVICE” CODE (cont’d)
After 10 years, vessel is corroded, say 2 mm throughout. Then,
according to API 510:
— Weld portion is unsafe (only 0.6 mm was extra thicknessavailable)
— Whereas, the shell away from weld is still safe. In fact, it still
has further 2 mm extra allowance (extra thickness = 4 mm)
“NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE
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Crown PortionUniform Stress
distributionKnuckle portion
High level of Stress
Concentration (Requires
Higher Thickness than
Crown portion.)
Torispherical Head
NEW CONSTRUCTION CODE
V/S “IN-SERVICE” CODE
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“NEW CONSTRUCTION” CODE V/S
“IN-SERVICE” CODE (cont’d)
New Constr . Code
3) Constraints of operating
plant are not a consideration
“ In-service” Code
3) Considering the constraints
of operating plant, the Code
gives alternative solutions
(e.g., PWHT)
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MAIN FEATURES OF ‘IN-SERVICE’ CODE
Understand the service conditions, degradationmechanisms present and their effect on equipment
Monitor and evaluate service degradation during periodic
inspection and decide “3R” aspects
Safe to Run : Assess remaining life, inspection intervals
Requires Repairs/: Do’s and Don’ts of repairs
Replacement: Either the whole equipment or part thereof
Documentation / Records
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MAIN FEATURES OF ‘IN-SERVICE’ CODE
Repair : Work necessary to restore a vessel
(or piping or tanks) suitable for safe
operations at Original design conditions
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MAIN FEATURES OF ‘IN-SERVICE’ CODE
Alteration : When restoration work
is not likely to bring back the equipment to its
original design conditions, but safe to
operate at some other changed conditions,
then equipment undergoes “Alteration”.
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MAIN FEATURES OF ‘IN-SERVICE’ CODE
Re-rating : As a result of alterations
or otherwise, the new safe operatingconditions are established by analysis.
Determining these new operating conditions
is “Re-rating”.
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OBJECTIVES OF API CERTIFICATION
PROGRAM
To prepare the professional inspectors capable of
performing the following:
1) Understand and identify the various types of service degradations
(corrosion, erosion, fatigue, creep, HIC, HB, etc.).
2) Select correct methods of inspection frequency, inspection
methods, monitor and assess the effects of service related
degradation.
3) Arrive at result and follow up action, namely ‘3R’ decisions Run-
Repair-Replace
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OBJECTIVES OF API CERTIFICATION
PROGRAM (cont’d)
4) Supervise and ensure the repairs / alterations / re-rating
are performed as required by Code.
5) Suggest improvements which may be useful inputs to
designer as well as operation personnel.
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API CERTIFICATIONS - ICP
API 510 Pressure Vessels Inspector Certification Program
API 570 Piping Inspector Certification Program
API 653 Storage Tanks Inspector Certification Program
API 936 Refractory Personnel Certification Program
API TES Tank Entry Supervisor Certification Program
API 571 Supplemental Inspection Certification Program
API 577 Supplemental Inspection Certification Program
API 580 Supplemental Inspection Certification Program
API QUTE - UT Shear Wave (Detection) Qualification Program
API QUSE - UT Shear Wave (Sizing) Qualification Program
BENEFITS OF API
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BENEFITS OF API
“IN-SERVICE” INSPECTION PROGRAM
1) Results in a systematic, well-structured and
reliable inspection / repair / re-rating programs
2) Helps to determine the physical condition of the
equipment (sound condit ion, corroded, etc.)
3) Helps to determine the type, rate and causes of
deterioration
BENEFITS OF API INSPECTION
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BENEFITS OF API INSPECTION
PROGRAMS (cont’d)
4) Reduces unexpected break-downs
5) Improves reliability and provides a continued high level of
safety of plant operation
6) Improves overall management control of process operation
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TRAINING & CERTIFICATION
The benefits of t raining and Certif ication can be summed up as:
Less supervision : A well trained employee will be well acquainted wi th the job
and will need less of supervision. Thus, there will be less wastage of t ime and
efforts.
Fewer accidents : Errors are likely to occur if the employees lack knowledge
and skills required for doing a particular job. The more trained an employee is,
the less are the chances of committing accidents in job.
Increased product ivity : Training improves efficiency and productivity of
employees. Well t rained employees show both quantity and quality
performance. There is less wastage of time, money and resources.
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API Certification Objective, Control & Effectiveness
API
Codes,Standards,Industry best practices
API Conference & Expo
Awareness & Feed backfrom the Industry
Effective Implementation of
Codes, Standards for
industry Quality & Safety
ICP
TPCP Training organization
API-U
M-gram
Approved courses
Manufactures
Individuals