RESPIRATION, process by which an organism exchanges gases with its environment. The term now refers to the overall process by which oxygen is abstracted from air and is transported to the cells for the oxidation of organic molecules while carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, the products of oxidation, are returned to the environment. In single-celled organisms, gas exchange occurs directly between cell and environment, i.e., at the cell membrane. In plants, gas exchange with the environment occurs in special organs, the stomates, found mostly in the leaves

TYPE OF AIR

POLLUTION

Nicotine

Haze

Carbon monoxide

Tar

Nicotine is a chemical compound that is present in tobacco. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine is absorbed through the wall lining of the small air sacs in the lungs. When sniffed or chewed, it is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the nose or mouth. Nicotine can also be absorbed through the skin.

Regardless of how nicotine is absorbed, it enters the bloodstream where it circulates throughout the body and travels to the brain where it crosses the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it binds to and activates receptors called the cholinergic receptors.

Haze is traditionally

an atmospheric phenomenon where

dust, smoke and other dry particles

obscure the clarity of the skyHaze

often occurs when dust and smoke

particles accumulate in relatively dry

air. When weather conditions block

the dispersal of smoke and other

pollutants they concentrate and form a

usually low-hanging shroud that

impairs visibility and may become

a respiratory health threat. Industrial

pollution can result in dense haze,

which is known as smog.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is

slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to humans and animals when

encountered in higher concentrations, although it is also

produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is

thought to have some normal biological functions. In the

atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the

formation of ground-level ozone.

Tar

Tar is a substance

obtained from a

variety of organic

materials through

destructive

distillation. Tar

can be produced

from coal, wood,

petroleum, or

peat. It is black,

and a mixture

of hydrocarbons a

nd free carbon.

Disease relatedBronchitis

Asthma

Pneumonia

Emphysema

Bronchitis is a respiratory disease in which the mucus membrane in the lungs' bronchial passages becomes inflamed. As the irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, it narrows or shuts off the tiny airways in the lungs, resulting in coughing spells that may be accompanied by phlegm and breathlessness. Bronchitis is generally caused by lung infections, 90% of which are viral in origin.

Asthma

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction . Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—affecting primarily the

microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection

with viruses or bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms,

certain drugs and other conditions diseases. Pneumonia is due to infections

caused primarily by bacteria or viruses and less commonly

by fungi and parasites.

Emphysem

a

Emphysema is a type of COPD involving damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. As a result, your body does not get the oxygen it needs. Emphysema makes it hard to catch your breath. You may also have a chronic cough and have trouble breathing during exercise. The most common cause is cigarette smoking. If you smoke, quitting can help prevent you from getting the disease.

Replace old and/or stained carpeting

Closely examine household cleaners, air fresheners, hygiene products, gardening supplies

Assess your major appliances for harmful emissions

Get an insulation inspection

Check for excessive moisture and mold growth

Clean up after pets regularly

Establish good airflow

Good practices to keep the air clean

Good practices to keep the air clean

Government

Campaigns and contests to

increase awarness

Law and enforcement to

catch the culprits

Parents

Education to inculate good

practices.