Implosion Data
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Transcript of Implosion Data
hwst 9, 1943Thisdocment oontiins30_ Pagex
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Part S givesa very simpleapproximateone-dimensionaltreatment
of the term!inalvelooityimpartedto a rigidmass by a mass of high explos-
ive. The one-dimensionaltreatmentis presumedto be approxiqmtelyvalid
for the cylindricaloe.seprovidedthe chargethidcnessis smalloomparedto
—.—.
mss ratiosfor ?NT are howeverfoundto be Mgh byas much as 5@. The
disoropanoyoan be attributedto sevsralthings: (a) The theoreticalmass
~atiosare onlyapproximateand are probablytoo low. (b) The assured
valua for the yieldingstressfor steel(10-20oarbon,oold drawn)may be
too high andnrzyhavea lowereffeotivevaluewhen the collapseis rapid
thanwhen it is slow. The originof the dlsorepancyean be settledby meas-
urements of therate of oollapse,or by direotmeasuremo’ntsof heatgenera-
tion. Thf3808ZpOriIM?ItSare now in progress.
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the radius. The
of the simplified
of explosive/mass
unit ItFL8S of the
and temperature.
resultmaybo expressedto a good approximationby means
of projec$i.le]and U. is the initialinternalenergyper
explodedgas, assumedtobe initiallyat uniformpressure
In l%rt 11 the modanios of the oylinderitselfis treated
from simpleenergyargumentsusingthe assumptionofa constantyielding
stress,and the resultof Part I is appliedto estimatethe attainableoo1-
lapseratioas a functionof the nms6 ratioof explosivearidcylinder. In
l%rt III a few uow experimental dataare considered.The observedcollapse
ratiosare foundto be in roughagreementwith the ones calculatedfor RRX
if one assumesan effeotivoyieldingstressof 300,0003b/in2. The observed
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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THE COLLAPSEOF IiOLIOASTEELCYLINDERSBY KIGH EXPLOSIVES
I. MAXIWM VELOCITYGIVEN TO A PROJECTILE
A oorrewttreatmentof the mo+ion
a ohargeof highexplosiveinvolvesa number
the dynamioalproblemof takingintoaooowrt
thewho~e systemof projectileplus exploded
i.mparixdto a projectileby
of’faotorswhioh oomplioate
sisndtaneouslythe motionsofI
gaa: (a)The equationof
atatoia ratheroomplieatedbeoauaeof the extremeinitialpreaaureand
dcmity. (b) The quil$brium of combustionproduot8s eaumablyshiftsas
tho hot gaa expands,and (o)The detonationwave leavesthe explodedgas
with a residualmomentumand a non-uniformpreaauredistribution.A very
roughpreliminarytreatmentW&oh is of someuse in oorrokting expriment-
Q1 dakamay be givenon the followingbaeirs.(a) The motionis assumedto .
be one-dimensional.This shouldbe a fairapproximationfor “implosions”
of’oylindrioalor sphericalshellsin whiohthe ohargethioknessis small
uomparedto the radius. (b) The detonatedexplosiveis assumedto be
initiallyan idealgas at uniformpressureand density.’(o) The project-
ile is assumedto remainat restwhile reoeivingthe impulsefrom the
explosive. Assumption(b) is presumablya fairapproximationif tha
explosiveis detonatedin severaldirectionsa% onoe,and (o)oan be valid
onlyfor smallratios,#AS d exploi3ivemass to projectilemass.
On this basiswe assumethatonly ths boundaryl~ers of tho
detonatedexplosivemove, forminga discontinuousshockwave ti the outside
air and 5 discontinuousrarefaationwave movingintothe explodedgas whioh.*..*O●.
is assumedto maintatnthd:i”@”t&ii&@6~po untilthe rarefaotionwave● ●
.0● *
b.,.:.t..6..●*S“ .2
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● **.** ●
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● **
● b :**● 9 ““”i(’’$!i’’c[d●*...● O* ●:0 :- :
pa8aes. The lastamumpti~ i~n@ a:va$?id~~eau the rarefactionwave.:0. ●:0 :** ● *
cwmot remaindi600ntinuous$”&~ is used onlya8 a wudo approximationto
repre8entseinekind of an averagemotionof the wave front. A rigorous
solutionfor the uaseof an idealgas i8 givenby Streibin anotherreport.)
Referringto Fig.lb,we thenassumethat thereare threeregions
of oonatantpremure po, p’ and the outsideatmosphericpressurepl$ that
rareftmtion
travelwith
v, v’~,
between
and
and shockwavea
aon8tmt velooitieu
thatthe boundary
expandedgas and oom-VI I
pressedair travelswith oons%antmt—.
I*
V* Ftg. lb velooityv . Tho oonmmvation-) b lawsfor maes~momentumand4’ ‘1 ‘~’fi’r energymay be writtendown in
\ +xDetonated Ikpanded Ai; shook the fOr’lll:-
gl?m gas wave
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(s]
(%3”+(’1’?1 ‘Ptva -,,., [ “on’.)
au is the internalenor● . . ● EH=VWWS8°● : .*.’* : ● : ● * ● ●● ***
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and.
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● ● :● ::. ● -●. ● 00 ● .
Theseare readi3.*.*8W& f?orthe twoequationsh v’:-
approximation
and the velooity
tJ-i! tq
of the mreikmtion wave is
%v’
Thus fromthe equation for ~ we IWe that the Mnetio energyof the ex-
pandhg gas oomesout to boapprcxximQtelyequalto
energyof the detonatedexplosive.,Tables1 and 2
the initialinternal
give aomoapplicable
data for eevemaldifferentexplosives.
1internalenergyu. ‘— ~ is not
x-l PO
explosivegaswe make direotuse of’the
As the ideal-gasrelationfor the
applicableto the highlycompressed
calorimetricmeasurementsof the
energy of explo~%on and put th$s ewd to UOO
—---~..0 :*O :*.
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TABLE1. MEASUREDHEATSOFEX&&&Jh~ (&&a&!&g density1.5)(Kistiakowsky,OSRll#293)
EXPLOSIVE HEAT OF EXPLOSION DETONATIONVELOCITY(mess.)
TNT 660 oal./g/ 6700meters/seo
Tetryl 890 7200
PJ3TN 1410 7600
Cyolonite(RDx) 1240 7800
“ TABLE2. PROPERTIESOF PRODUCTSOF ADIABATIC,CONSTANT-VOLUNEEXPANSION{Calculated)(Brinkleyand Wilson,OSRD /k 1231)
EXPLOSIVE LOADINGDENSITY TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
RDX, Comp B 1062 314’)0K 98.8x 109 dynes/cm2
TNT 1.46 2910° 65.4
60/50@natol 1;58 2480° 79.8
For RDX,density1.5, one thengets
V@: 3.2 x 105 orI1/8ec.
v= 0.65 x 105 o~.eo.
The totalmomentumgiventothe projectileper unit aeotionalarea will then.
be, for mall oharge8oflength!o
P. Po~o/v.=foJov’ o.*mv’.
Alternatively,
(7) Vp=
is themayimum
area.
● ✎ ✎ ● OO ● *
velooityirnparte&$&;lO@pr$j~gt~l~of mass m per wait 6ectional•~:.oo
●m9*..:O● @*@b@● @*
..*● ●
●* ‘**.OO●.:0:
.Obm. .**
.9* ● a@. ..*..: ● .**
.* :00 ● . ● ——.● *
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.00 ●-* ●--—.—- —
9 **.* uJmlssl[/~‘~”” :.i %.:: ~● *o● **● m ● O* ● ● ** ● ●
. . 90. ● a. ● bm 9** ● *
This suggests“t~a~a~%om~wl~t~e@er resultmay be obtainedby a..-0-m-●OO ● ● be ● OO ● *
directoverallapplicationof the conservationlaws,if one assumes
interniilenergyto W dividedbetweenprojectileand e$octedgaeea.
equationsare
lq)vt= m.
The 8ozutioni8
This is plottedin
“=*’=Fig.2 for RDX and TIiTu8ingthe mea8uredvalues
the
Tho
of U. from
Table1. In the figuresand in all that followsthe notation ~,fle, re, e4
has beenused for themass,densityand dimensionsof the explosiveoharge.
11. MOTIONOF THE CYLINDER
The pressure existingin a detonatedhighexplosiveis of the order
of 106 lb/in20whiohi8 muoh higherthanthe yieldingstrength of any ordinary
metals. In treatingthe motionof a collapsingshellwe
thereis plaakioflowagainsta oonstantyielding8tre88
For thesimplepreliminarytreatmentweignore
thereforeassumethat
throughoutthe shell.
volum ohangesand
thereforeany effeotsof elasticwaves. ‘l’heshellis a86umedto receive anPo
@, ~
initialinwardimpulsefromtho pressurep. and there-
(afterto move freelyagainstthe’yieldingstress. Thie
i ‘m ‘1 assumptionis not quitevalidbeoausethe velooityof the\‘-./ rarefactionwave into the explodedgas is ~ .6 x 105 cm/see.,
mub..ia oG1thyqa? orderas the velooityattainedby● **.
● * ●::
the shell; this shoulG*~ofiJ&@vg&&Wlsly invalidatethe results. The
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9* ● O* ● ** ●:* :*. :**●
kineticenergyof the shel~”~tiu$ s~$cil?f~~~emotion,K. is the initial● ●OO ●
kineticenergy,and W is thowork done at that stageagainstthe internal
stress. IfW and K. are knownthen the velocitiesof the innerand outer
surfioescan be calculatedas a functionof the collapseratios. K. is Gal=
oulatedfromEquation(8). In applyingEquations(7)and (8)as approxima-
tionstoa oylindriualor spherioalcase it maybe notedthat in (7) the
mass ratioshouldbe takenasflete/@ where te and t are tho thioknossesof
explosiveand shell,whereasin (8) one shouldpresumablylakethe actual
massratio. However,since(8)approaches(7) for smallmass ratiosand must
in any case representan upper limit,we haveused~/m .jjet@t in all
thatfollows. In the worstease this is about0.6 the aotualmass ratio.
Work of collapse
The pressurerequiredto deforms thin
r and thicknessAr, againsta constantyielding
P=
If the volume
AV= 2TTi&r
radiusr’ is
sAr—.r
ohangeis
= const.,
rt(
oylindrioalshellof rm.lius
stresss, is
neglectedthenthe volumeof the thin shellis
and the workrequiradto collapsethe shellto a
r
JrQ
Let RI, rl be the initialand finaloutsideradiusand R2, r2 the initialand
finalinsideradius. The totalwork to collapsea thickshellfromRl, R2 to
● ee ● .9* ● -9 ● O
●°0 : : : : ● 0
●● 0:0 ● 9 ::
● : ● *
● * ●:0 ● ee ● @o :** ● 0
● ☛ 9** ● ** ● ●
● ** :*0 ● ● ● ●°0 .—● *9 ● ● 00 ●
● **9* ● **
● ** ● 0: ● **● 0 ● O.*** ● *
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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
● ☛ ● ☛☛ ● ● 9
● *- .“a● ●** ●
.8 **** ● **● 00 : .:9-:.:.::.* ●909 ● .* ****
~2 - R22 a r$2 - r22; R12 - R22= r12 - r22
/rl
with the notation I
A=--&
the total work per
(9) ww:—=2(
rl=’-i$~ y = ~, (calledthe “innercollapse
UZI~* nxt8s w, 13Y!%ybe Written
Here x, yand ~ are relatedby the oonstant-volumeoondition
X2“Yz=l”f.
h Fig. 3, w/(s/2~)is plottedask funoti.onof y for twovaluesof
put w Fv2/2 where v is the equivalentinitialvalooityto produoe
oollapseratioy and in F&s.
of the yieldingstressand for
whereasit shouM be about7.8
4 and 5.weplot v againsty forthree values
two values of h. For theseaurvesP=7.5,
for the steel oylindersofl%rt 111. The
curvee of Figs.6,
equivalentinitial
Rate of colla~
7 were derivedfrom Figs.4, 6 by using Fig.2 to oonvert
Velooityto maas ratio.
The kinetiuenergymaybe shownto be
K= Mv222 l%8@i*+:~+{ UIICIASSIFIEO ~
●● * ● ** :00 ● *B ● ** ● 0
● 0 ● ** ● *e ● ● ●9** ●*. ● ● ***● ee*e ● O* ● .● oo-b 9*9 -.-—.@m ● 0: ● e* -,.. ..—— ..● * ● ** ● ● ● 9* .—
.—
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● ☛ 9** .—-. U!C 4$● ** 9’*: ●
● .mmm ● 9=
● coo J()”:”: ..::*9 ● 9** ●
● 9* ● a- ● 9
● ☛ ● ☛☛ ● *O ●:0 :- :*.
i~hereV2 is the velocityoflt~e~.n~~de:s~fa~~,and x, y and > aro oonneoted● ●** ● ●:0 ●**●*
by the 8am8oon8tantvolumeoonditionas befores X2 -# = 1- X2. Xf we
./’,-write w = (8/2/~)g(Y)”men the energyequationis
(vz% )f (y) = VO% :’(a/2)@g (y).
Thismaybe used to find V2 as a fhnotionof y forany a86Um0dvalueof V02.
For the case of “oriticalcollapse”f(0)a O, so V02 : -(sfi)g(0). I!he
kineticenergyfunotionf(y)is plottedin Fig.8 for variou8valuesof~ , and
in Fig. 9 the inner velooity for the criticalaase has been plottedas a
functionof oollapseratiowith ~ s .667, s = 300,000lb/in2. The i~er
velocity is also shownfor the same initialvelocity,but no resistingStr08SOS0
In thiseasev2 = v&mT’.
111. EXPERIMENTALR?LSULTS
For the preliminaryexperiments,whiohwero of necessitydonewith
meagreequipment,the aim has been fir8tto observethe main featuresof theI
phenomenawhenmetal shellsundergoextremeand rapidplasticflowunder ex- ~
ternalpressure,and to makean empiricaldeterminationof the relationbetween ~
aollapseratioand mass ratio.
observationsof the velocities
methodshavebeen devised.
About30 experiments
rangingin diameterfrom3“ to
Theseexperimentsare being folluwedby
and timesof aollapse,for
havebeen oarriedoutwith
whioh severaldireot
mild steeloylinder8
6
The explosiveused firstwas TNT
0.87g/om3,and in all the later
5/f3nand in wall thioknessfrom~ to l&’.
orystalspadcedto a densityof about
experiments,a plasticexplosiveoalled
“CompositionC“. whiohis a mixtureof.finelypowderedRDX (8@), also oalled
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whiohthe---–
figurenumberscorrespondto the”~~o%og~a>fi~~““Theexperimentnumbersare
markedon tho samplesin the photographs.All the analyzabledataare in-
)eludedin Table3, as well as a numberof typioalexamplesof the sort of
@%gnentationooourringwhen largeoharges are used.
&alysis of the data; stabilityof oollapse
The greatestdifficultyin obtaininginterpretableexperimental
resultsarises fromthe instabilitywhiohnecessarilyexistswhen the wall
thioknessismall comparedto the radius. This is furtherenhanoedby the
non-uniformpressureleftby the detonationwave. The detonationwave effeot
can be reduoedby usingmultipledetonationss startedsimultaneouslyby tying
severalprimacordsof the samelengthto one blastingoap; four detonation
points,spaoedevenlyaroundthe otrcxxnferenoeat themiddleof the oylinder,
were used in most oases (seeFig. 10). The effectof the non-uniformpressure)
leftby the detonationwavo is shownvery stronglyin Fig. 14 (Exps.9 and 11)
where therewere fourevenlyspaoeddetonationpointsat the endsof the
oylinders(at the bottomin the photograph).Evenwhen several detonation
pointsare used thereis usuallyevidenoeof greateractionin the region
betweendetonationpoints. !Nmreare almostalwayssharplydefinedlines,
alongwhiohthe detonation-wavesoome together,showingat leasta slight
etohingof the metaland in severaloasesa strongtendenoyto shear. This is
shownexpeoiallywell in Figs.12 and 13. When shearingrupturecmcursit is
usuallyalonga surfaoemakingan angleof about45°with a radialplane,whioh
is the directioninwhioh the strainis a simpleshear(alsoin which the
shearingstrain and stressare a mximum).
It seemslikelythat fairlyuniformcollapseoan be produoedby
““”“:”~$is conclusionfollowsfromtheusinga suffioiemtlylargeexp$d~%~ cha~gq,90*9
faotthatthe pressuroexerti;:%jiti~”e%~l~~~?~”i~ 3argecompwed IN the
- :::~ ~: ~“ ‘$ ~f
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8tXWl@h
momontum
● ☛ 9,* ● ●
● m.● *** ““ -:‘ t &ooOOO:.’::m. ●
9 v ●*9..0 ● ● 9. ● ●
● 0 s:. :** ●:* :- :.O
of themate?idks~d :if ~ho:%h~~s are givena largeenoughinward● *** ●:0:.*●.
the streseess;ou~~~laya relativelymall part. Experimental
for thisia shownin W.gs. 11$ 15, 16, ”18 and 19. In Fig. 11, Exp. 1,evidenoe
for example,the steeltubewas 3~ diameter,& wall,with a 3/4Rohargeof
TNT
the
thickenedto about5/16”,
orystals; Exp. 7wao the sameexceptthat the chargewm 1* thick. In
firsteasethe tube collapsedmore or less uniformlyuntil thewall had
thenrupturedintoa numberof stripswhiahwent
In theseoond ease the collapsewas evidentlyquiteintoan irregukr bundle.
uniformbut so violentthatthe tubebouncedout againand fragmented.
thin-walledooppertube of fig.1S, Exp. 5 is anotherstrikingexample
The
of the
~.e thi~.
.
In attemptingto interpretthe data by means of the curvesof
Figs.6, ?, onlythe oasesof partialoollapse,or else completeoollapse
withoutfragmentationcouldbe used. In caseswhere the collapsewas non-
uniform,or ‘whereruptureooourred,an attemptwas 8tillmade to estimatethe
oollapseratioby gettinga roughaverageof the wall thiokness. Thiswas
doneeven in the ease of Fig. 1, Exp. 1, on the groundsthat the work done.in
the initialthickeningof thewall was probablylargeoomparedto the work of
collapsingthebundleof rupturedstrips. The =SS ratios)Pehe~h aotually
usedand the onescalculatedare listedin Table3. Five pointshaving
A= .667 or .833 are markedwith (*)and plottedin Fig.6 or 7.
The yieldingstress;time of collapse
Thereis no soundbasis for ohoosingto interpretthe data in
ternsof a yieldingstressof 300,000lb/in2. Thisvaluewas quotedto the
writerin privateconversationas an approximateexperimentalresultfor
6xtremeand very rapiddeformation,whioh appearedto be more or loss inde-●*9 ●*e●*
pendentof the heat tre~~e”$ “be &&l ~~ received. As thisvalueappeared●.*.:0:.0.:*:00●*
to fit the dati for Cm~qsi#&onOCo~~@QsOe~senas a reasonablevalue,although● 9* ● **● 9*
likelyto be high. Ind~.dn~On~Oc$ok~~fI}heeffeotivevaluesof s are to .
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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
90 ● ** ● ● 9
● *O .** ● se:●
.* 9*9
● ** ● -35- 900 “*8** ●ee :** : : e=*88 ●**
1 ● 0 ● OO so. ●:. :.0 .-.be made bothby oalorimetrida@&$u@ne~ ~ ~h~
S:OC● 9W ● ●:s :00 ● J
urementsof the rate of‘colla”pse.
heat of workingand by meas-
Two preliminarymeasurementsof the time of oollapse,mde by a
bullet-catchingmethoddevisedby Streib,fora 3“ OD,& wall steeloylinder.
with 8 ~ chargeof CompositionC gave timesofabout 10-4sec. The expected
valuewouldbe abouthalf this on the basisof 300,000lb/in2. Thesefirst
experimentalvaluesshouldbe howeveressentiallyupper limits,and further
measurementsby thisand othermethodswill be the subjeotof a laterreport
by Streib.
Velocitiesof projectilesfiredwith smallohargesof high explosive
To get someindependentinformationon the relationbetweenterminal
velocitiesand mass ratios~someexperimentshave beenbegunby Bradnerand,
Bloch,in which 2$~diametersteelprojectileswere firadupwardwith varying
oharges(confinedonlyby pasteboardand thinwood) of pentoliteof the same
) diameter,
measuring
sifiesare
pressedtoa densityO.45g/cm3. Velocitieswere determinedby
the timeof flightwith a stopwatoh. The data for two
plottedin Fig.20.
A very roughinterpretationof theseexperimentscan be
projectile
given in
termsof thesimpleone-dimensionaltheoryof Sec.I, ifwe aesumethat im-
mediatelyafterdetonationthe rarefactionmvo travelsinwardfrom the two
freesurfaoesof the detonatedexplosivewith the same oonstant
thenassumethat the initialpressurep. adx on the surfaoeof
a% any pointonlyuntil the raref’actionreachesthatpoint,and
is thereafternegligible.With these simpleassumptionswe can
velocity. We
the projectile
that the pressure
oonputethe
ratioof the momentumimpartedto the projectileto the momentumit should
havegot if the explosivewere freeto expandonly fromthe freeend surface.
I
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I,
We get for thisratio
= I-
wherere = radiusof
factoris
aurves of
cannotbe
applied+0
1 =lengthofeharge.projectileand oharge,and ~
the resultof the ono-dimensionalcalculationto get the
fig.20 appropriateto the projectilemsses used. Good agreement
expeoted,but the curvesdo seemto representthe trendof the ex-
perimentaldata. More oompleteresultswill be givenina laterreportby
Bloohand Bradner.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Notations RI, R2 =
.—
?ig
.-
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
*)
1)
2)
Exp●
no.
@
72)
2*)
10*)
3
4
@
111)
6
52)
132)
142)
182)
26*)
21*)
22
R@l“luner”oollapseratior2/Rl
thicknessesand densitiesof explosiveand cylinder.
CYLINDER
Lkiteria’
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Bronze
Copper
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
RI
-K-1050
1.50
1.50
1.a50
2*OO
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.64C
1.75C
1.50
1*5O
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
R2
-m.1.25
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
.75
1.00
1.047
1.531
1.00
.75
1.00
2.00
2000
2.00
.h
0.833
0.833
.667
.667
.500
●750
●500
.667
.638
.875
.667
●500
.500
.667
.667
.667
Y
0.633
02
6553
.23
.406
.601
.171
-,~ol
‘.27
02
02
02
02
-*37
o
0
EXPLOSIVE
Material
TNT
TNT
ThT
TNT
TNT
TNT
TNT
TNT
TNT
TNT
Comp.C
Comp.C
Comp.c
Comp.C
Comp.C
Cozlp.c
he
T0075
1.50
.76
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.50
1.36
1.25
1.50
1.60
1.00
.75
1.00
1.00
ye.-
0.87
.87
.87
.87
.87
.87
*87
.07
087
.87
1.49
1.4
104
-1.6
105
h 1.5
iGa
0.28
.67
.16’i
.32
.11
.22
.22
033
.23
.56
e57
.38
.19
eM
.20
.19
Detonatedfrom l-merend.Collapsedand fragmented.
Plottedas an experimentalpointin Wg. 6 or 7.Measuredat seotionof maximumcollapse.
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-:ala.erom~
017
>.40
012
.26
.u
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--
-~
-.
>.2
> .15
.15
.14
.20
.20
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FIG, IO
3132_rto N OF TYPICAL A55EM0LY
DRAWN TO SCALa OF= EX~%R.lM=NT # 26
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data me ~iven in Table3. ExAperimentWihers arc
in the photoLwQphs.In eachphotographthe oriCinal
3hovm by a ri~g or a completecyllnd.ez’.All cylinders
are seamless”3040 carbonsteeltubi~ with a staticyieldpoint
55000lb./in2. Four-pgint dctona tionat centerunlessotherntse
Loadingdensityfor TNT,0.87;for Comp.C8 ahou$1.5.
of nbout
stated.
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longlong
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I
TNT, & thick;7-Y 10&
EXP. I.1:3W OD~ & wall,8N lonG,sameoharge
Bothdetonateditrom4 potitsat lowerend in photo~raph
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Bronze,3.281~OD, 0.593”roll, 6W lb~TNT. 1.36”thick,5& low
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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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exomtjivechargeis used
.
cylinder
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Exp * m: 4* OD* in i-id+,MY M’qgthe ends10ZW
fragmmts showcoIBplcto(X@IlapmMfore frqymntation. ‘Me s&owhatpwow appccuxinceof the frqpnwts io probablyirxlicativoof thereleasocd!a con~derable compressi~n●
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UNCLASSIFIED
6“ OD,1“ wall, ~Comp.C, ~“ thick,
—— — —
f’ I 2 3? Y
6
lNC,HCS!F
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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE