Implicit Social Cognition [email protected].
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Transcript of Implicit Social Cognition [email protected].
Social Cognition is
– Unconscious
– Ordinary
– Malleable
“Surely, you can see that the shades of gray in Squares A and B are identical.”
Speed -- Important
Some errors, just fine
Belt it out!
• Yale• New Haven• Bulldogs• CT• Blue
• Harvard• Cambridge• The Yard• MA• Crimson
Magnitude?
Universal?
Early?
Dissociated?
Social Dominance?
Predicts?
Elastic? Plastic?
Some dimensions of human variation
• Gender• Age• Race/Ethnicity• Class• Religion• Geographic Region
– Nationality
• Culture• Sexuality
• Physical Attractiveness– Teeth
• Height/Weight• Accent• Similarity to self• Personality
– Extraversion
• Taste/Preferences• Beliefs (Politics)
But …
Self esteem: Crocker and Major
Did self-report miss something?
Yamaguchi, S., et al. (2007). Apparent universality of implicit positive self-esteem. Psychological Science.
(cf. Crocker & Major’s self-esteem result)
Prediction
• Unfriendliness toward African Americans• Unfriendliness toward gay men• Rating a Black author’s essay negatively• Rating a Black applicant for the Peace Corps
negatively• Willingness to cut the budget for Jewish or
Asian student organizations• Opposition to affirmative action• Discrimination against female job applicants
• Green, A. R., et al. (2007). Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for Black and White Patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine.
Matthew Nock
• Murder/Suicide?
Olsson, A., Ebert, J. P., Banaji, M. R., Phelps, E. A. (2005). The role of social groups in the persistence of learned fear. Science, 309, 785 – 787.
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Acquisition Extinction
SC
R D
iffer
ence
Fear-relevant
Fear-irrelevant
n.s.
• -1000 years ago
• -100 years ago
• -10/20 years ago
Cunningham et. al.
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% S
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Black Sub White Sub
Black Supra White Supra
Subliminal Effects (Black > White)
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IAT Effect (Black - White)
Su
bli
min
al
(Bla
ck -
Wh
ite)
SubliminalAmygdala -IAT (Black > White) Correlation
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% S
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% S
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ge
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0.050.100.15
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Seconds
% S
ign
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Ch
an
ge
(A): dorsolateral PFC
(C): ventrolateral PFC
(B): anterior cingulate
: Supraliminal Activation
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% S
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Black Sub White Sub
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Taking Another’s Perspective Increases Neural Self-referential
Processing
Ames, et al.,Psych Science, 2008
• Familiarity • Dasgupta et al. JESP; Banaji, et al. Psych. Inquiry
• Not attitude (affect)• Phelps, JoCN; Cunningham, Psych. Science
• Salience• Greenwald, et al., JEP:General
• Culture, not me• Banaji, Crowder Festschrift• Nosek & Hansen• Meta-analysis of predictive validity• Nosek, JPSP (Math=Me) • Ebert (KKK study)
• Mere association• Banaji, Psych. Inquiry
• Primates
• Babies/Children
• Brain
• Look at textbook on social cognition for studies involving samples < 18 yrs of age
• Objects
• Number
• Space
• Social Cognition?
Self-Reported Preference for White over Black
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6yr olds 10yr olds adults
Age Group
Perc
en
t W
hit
e c
hosen
over
Bla
ck
**
ns
__________________*
IAT Intergroup Bias:
Baron & Banaji, 2006 ps < .05
Implicit White+Good, Black+Bad Association
0
0.05
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0.15
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0.25
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6-year-olds 10-year-olds adults
Eff
ect
Siz
e (
D)
• Elastic?
• Plastic?
Anti-Muslim Implicit Bias at Baseline
0
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0.7
Time1 Time2 Time3
Re-tested at 2 Week Intervals
Yoga Practitioners
Anti-Muslim Implicit Bias Following Concentration Tasks
0
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IAT-baseline IAT2 IAT3
Re-tested after 5 min. Concentration Tasks
TM
Novice Yoga
Senior Yoga
Robert Sapolsky
A Natural History of Peace
Neuroplasticity
• Rats in enriched environments
• Deficits in one brain region
• Cab drivers in London
Think of the brain as you do of a more ordinary muscle, a bicep.
In your case: That you will work it, is not the issue; what you work it on, is.
Richard DawkinsThe Selfish Gene, 1976
Let us understand what our own selfish genes are up to, because we may then at least have a chance to upset their designs, something that no other species has ever aspired to do.
