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W O R K I N G P A P E R

Implementing REDD+ and adaptation to climate change in the Congo Basin

Review of projects, initiatives and opportunities for synergies

Charlotte Pavageau

Anne Marie Tiani

Implementing REDD+ and adaptation to climate change in the Congo BasinReview of projects, initiatives and opportunities for synergies

Charlotte PavageauCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

Anne Marie Tiani Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

Working Paper 162

Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

Working Paper 162

© 2014 Center for International Forestry Research

Content in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Pavageau C and Tiani AM. 2014. Implementing REDD+ and adaptation to climate change in the Congo Basin. Review of projects, initiatives and opportunities for synergies. Working Paper 162. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

ISBN 978-602-1504-58-1

Photo by Charlotte Pavageau.A view of the Kahuzi Biega Landscape.

CIFORJl. CIFOR, Situ GedeBogor Barat 16115Indonesia

T +62 (251) 8622-622F +62 (251) 8622-100E [email protected]

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We would like to thank all donors who supported this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Fund. For a list of Fund donors please see: https://www.cgiarfund.org/FundDonors

Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the editors, the authors’ institutions, the financial sponsors or the reviewers.

Table of contents

List of abbreviations vAcknowledgements viiiExecutive Summary ixRésumé x

1 Context 11.1 Introduction 11.2 REDD+ and adaptation projects and initiatives: The issue of definition 21.3 Methodology 3

2 REDD+ and adaptation initiatives and activities 42.1 International initiatives for adaptation and mitigation 42.2 REDD+ initiatives, activities and projects in the Congo Basin 72.3 Adaptation initiatives and projects 10

3 Potential for synergies between adaptation and mitigation 14

4 Conclusion 17

5 References 18

Annexes 1 REDD+ readiness activities 192 REDD+ projects on the ground 313 National adaptation programs 484 Local adaptation projects 505 Networks, programs or organizations acting in domains linked to adaptation

to climate change in Africa 51

List of figures and tables

Figures1 The three phases of implementation for REDD+ and adaptation projects. 22 Progress of Congo Basin countries in submitting relevant documents for adaptation and mitigation

initiatives within the framework of the UNFCCC and FCPF. 53 Funding approved for adaptation and mitigation in countries of the Congo Basin in 2013. 64 (a) REDD+ topics covered by the 48 readiness activities in the Congo Basin. (b) Types of activities

implemented by the 48 readiness activities in the Congo Basin. 85 The number of REDD+ and REDD+-related projects in Congo Basin countries. 96 Number of projects with a focus on a specific activity categorized by type of mitigation project. 107 he types of activities developed in adaptation programs and REDD+ readiness initiatives, and the

percentage of initiatives engaged in each type. 14

Tables 1 Available funding in 2012–2013 for adaptation and mitigation measures in developing countries. 62 Participation of Congo Basin countries in international initiatives linked to REDD+. 73 National adaptation initiatives. 114 Priority sectors identified in national official documents on adaptation and mitigation. 125 Explicit synergies between REDD+ projects and adaptation. 16

AAP Africa Adaptation ProgrammeAFD Agence Française de DéveloppementAMCOW African Ministers Council on Water ASB Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn ASE Agence Spatiale européenneBAD Banque africaine de développementBM Banque mondialeCam-Eco Cameroon Ecology CAR Central African RepublicCARPE Central African Regional Programme for Environment CCAA Climate Change Adaptation in AfricaCBFF Congo Basin Forest FundCED Centre pour l’Environnement et le Développement CI Conservation InternationalCIFAD Comité International des Femmes Africaines pour le DéveloppementCIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CIRAD Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie et Développement/ French Institute for Agricultural Research and DevelopmentCMN Cameroon Mangrove Network CNIAF Centre national d’inventaire et d’aménagement des ressources forestières et fauniquesCNRS Centre national de recherche scientifiqueCODELT Environmental Defense Council for legality and traceabilityCOMIFAC Commission des forêts d’Afrique centrale/ Central Africa Forests CommissionCOP Conference of the PartiesCTFC Centre Technique de la Forêt CommunaleCRDI Centre de Recherche pour le Développement InternationalCWCS Cameroon Wildlife Conservation SocietyDFID Department for International DevelopmentDRC Democratic Republic of CongoERA Ecosystem Restoration AssociatesEU European UnionFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFCPF Forest Carbon Partnership FacilityFFEM Fonds Français pour l’Environnement MondialFIP Forest Investment ProgramFPP Forest People ProgrammeFORENET African-Caribbean-Pacific forest research networkFRM Forest Resources ManagementGEF Global Environment facilityGIZ German International Development CooperationGWP-CA Global Water Partnership Central Africa ICDP Integrated Conservation and Development ProjectICCN Institut congolais pour la conservation de la natureICRAF World Agroforestry CentreIISA Institut International des Sciences administrativesIITA International Institute of Tropical AgricultureINERA Institut National pour l’étude et la Recherche agronomiquesINPE Brazilian Space Agency

List of abbreviations

vi Charlotte Pavageau and Anne Marie Tiani

IRAD Institute for Agricultural Research and DevelopmentIRET Institut de recherches sur l’écologie tropicaleIUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural resourcesIRD Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementJAFTA Japan forest technology associationJICA Japan International Cooperation AgencyLDCF Least Developed Countries FundLDCs Least developed countriesMDDEFE Ministère du Développement Durable, de l’Economie Forestière et de l’EnvironnementMECNT Ministère de l’Environnement Conservation de la Nature et TourismeMINEF Ministère des Eaux et ForêtsMINEP Ministry of Environment and Nature Conservation/CameroonMINFOF Ministry of Forest and Wildlife/CameroonMRV Monitoring, Reporting and VerificationNAPA National Adaptation Programmes of ActionNESDA-CA Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Central Africa NGOs Nongovernmental organizationsNORAD Norway Cooperation for Development AgencyNOVACEL Nouvelle Société d’Agriculture et d’ÉlevageOCEAN Organisation congolaise des écologistes et amis de la NatureOCDN Organisation Centrafricaine pour la Défense de la Nature OGEC Organisation pour la gestion de l’environnement au CongoOIBT Organisation Internationale des Bois TropicauxONFI Office National des Forêts InternationalOPED Organisation pour l’Environnement et le Développement durableOSAPY Organisation d’accompagnement et d’Appui aux PYgméesOSFAC Observatoire Satellital des Forêts d’Afrique CentralePCN Protection et conservation de la naturePGPRF Programme de Gestion Participative des Ressources ForestièresPES Payments for Ecosystem ServicesPNUD Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (United Nations for Development Programme)PNUE Programme des Nations Unies pour l’EnvironnementPSFE Programme sectoriel environnement-ForêtsRAFM African Model Forest NetworkREDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest DegradationRIFFEAC Réseau des Institutions de Formation Forestière et Environnementale d’Afrique CentraleROCAME Réseau des ONG de Campo-Ma’an et EnvironsR-PIN Readiness Plan Idea NoteR-PP Readiness Preparation ProposalRRI Rights and Resources InitiativeSNV Agence néerlandaise de développement/ Netherlands Development OrganizationTEREA Terre Environnement Aménagement (BE français)TNS Tri-Nationale de la SanghaUCL Université Catholique de LouvainUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUNIKIS University of KisanganiUNOPS United Nations Office for Project ServicesUN-REDD The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing CountriesUSFS United States Forest ServiceUSAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank

WCS Wildlife Conservation SocietyWFC WorldFish CenterWRI World Resources InstituteWWF Worldwide Fund for NatureZSL Zoological Society of London

Acknowledgements

This working paper presents research conducted under CIFOR’s Climate Change and Forests in the Congo Basin: Synergies between Adaptation and Mitigation (COBAM) project. The project, launched in 2010, is funded by the African Development Bank in support of the Economic Community of Central African States, through the framework of the Congo Basin Ecosystems Conservation Support Programme.

We would like to thank our independent consultants — Martial Gapia in CAR, Brice Severin Pongui in the Republic of Congo, Jean-Claude Ndona in DRC,

Louis-Bernard Cheteu, Dr. Maurice Tsalefack and Youssoufa Bele in Cameroon — for their support in data collection.

We would also like to thank Dr. Denis Sonwa and Alba Saray Pérez Terán for their valuable comments, Mrs. Flore Ndong and the entire COBAM team for their availability, and Fidele Giacomo and Eugene Chia whose careful proofreading helped improve this report considerably. We are grateful to all the informants for their openness and willingness to participate.

Executive Summary

In the face of climate change, two main types of strategies — mitigation and adaptation — have emerged and are now widely recognized. Mitigation aims to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases, and adaptation addresses the impacts of climate change on societies and ecosystems.

Adaptation is gaining importance in the international arena, whereas at the national level, particularly in developing countries, adaptation policies and projects are having difficulty emerging. Mitigation, on the other hand, has received both international and national attention in the past few years (particularly REDD+ strategies), however, while some countries are in the process of developing national strategies for REDD+ under the UNFCCC, others such as those in the Congo Basin face limited experience and capacity to do so.

Many authors argue the importance of mainstreaming adaptation–mitigation links into climate change policies to optimize co-benefits, create new opportunities and design more efficient projects. The forestry sector provides a range of opportunities for linking these two strategies, but few large-scale projects have documented these. Thus, there is a growing need for concrete information on national processes linked to climate change, and on the status and challenges of mitigation (including REDD+) and adaptation projects on the ground.

This report presents the progress of projects and initiatives that promote adaptation and REDD+ in the Congo Basin region and analyzes opportunities

for synergies or trade-offs between the two strategies. Ninety-four national programs and activities related to REDD+ and 11 on adaptation have been identified in six countries of the Congo Basin. The emerging landscape of climate change projects is complex and mainly rooted in historical approaches. Opportunities for funding exist but are not seized; most of the projects are at an early stage with more emphasis on REDD+ than on adaptation due to uncertainties about spatiotemporal patterns of risk occurrence and a lack of clear adaptation solutions. Other reasons are linked to insufficient political support or lack of interest in the issue among project managers. Adaptation initiatives are diffuse in development approaches and do not benefit from a structured national framework as REDD+ does.

Among REDD+ initiatives, we identify two main tendencies. On the one side, local demonstration activities directly aim to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, improve sustainable forest management and increase carbon stocks. On the other side, readiness activities are developing to create an enabling framework for countries to participate in REDD+ deals and develop strategies accordingly. Adaptation to climate change and REDD+ evolve as two parallel and similar processes. Potential for synergies between the two processes exist but are not fully recognized yet. Thus transformational change is needed to increase the integration of adaptation and mitigation in the current climate portfolio. In particular, there is a need for tools, information and knowledge to support decision makers in harmonizing climate policies.

Résumé

Face au changement climatique, deux principaux types de stratégies sont apparues et sont reconnues. Alors que l’atténuation vise à réduire les sources ou à renforcer les puits de gaz à effet de serre, l’adaptation aborde les impacts du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes et les sociétés. Au niveau international, l’adaptation et l’atténuation sont associées à des processus politiques différenciées. Même si l’adaptation gagne en importance sur la scène internationale, les projets et les politiques nationales ont des difficultés à émerger dans les pays en développement. En outre, les forêts et les communautés forestières sont rarement prises en considération dans les débats et les politiques sur l’adaptation. Par ailleurs, les pays du bassin du Congo ont des expériences limitées sur la réduction des émissions par le biais de déforestation et la dégradation évitées (REDD+). Bien que le secteur forestier présente des possibilités de synergie entre adaptation et atténuation, très rares expérimentations grandeur nature peuvent le confirmer.

Ce rapport présente l’état d’avancement des projets et des initiatives visant à promouvoir l’adaptation et REDD+ + dans la région du Bassin du Congo et analyse les possibilités de synergies ou de compromis entre les deux stratégies. 94 programmes nationaux et activités de terrain liées à la REDD+ et 11 sur l’adaptation ont été identifiées dans les six pays du Bassin du Congo. Le paysage émergent des projets sur le changement de climat est assez complexe et est principalement enraciné dans les approches historiques. Des possibilités de financement existent mais ne sont pas saisis ; la plupart des projets sont à

un stade précoce avec plus d’emphase sur la REDD+ + que sur l’adaptation, en raison des incertitudes sur les modèles spatio-temporels d’occurrence du risque et le manque de solutions d’adaptation claires. D’autres raisons sont liées au manque de soutien politique ou au manque d’intérêt pour la question parmi les gestionnaires de projets. L’adaptation aux changements climatiques est plutôt diffuse dans la démarche de développement et ne bénéficie pas d’un cadre structurant national comme dans le cas de la REDD+.

Parmi les initiatives de la REDD+, nous identifions deux tendances principales. D’un côté, il y a les activités de démonstration locales qui visent directement à réduire les émissions de carbone dues à la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts, la gestion durable des forêts et à l’accroissement des stocks de carbone. De l’autre côté, les activités de préparation se multiplient pour tenter de créer un cadre propice à la participation des pays à la REDD+ et à l’élaboration des stratégies en conséquence. L’adaptation aux changements climatiques et la REDD+ + évoluent comme deux processus parallèles et similaires. Le potentiel de synergies entre les deux processus existe mais ne sont pas encore pleinement reconnue. Ainsi les changements transformationnels sont nécessaires pour augmenter les synergies entre l’adaptation et l’atténuation dans le portefeuille des politiques climatiques actuelles. En définitive, il y a un besoin en outils, informations et connaissances pouvant aider les décideurs à harmoniser les politiques climatiques.

1 Context

1.1 IntroductionTwo main types of strategies — mitigation and adaptation — have emerged and are now widely recognized as critical to addressing climate change. While mitigation aims to reduce the sources or to enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases, adaptation addresses the impacts of climate change on societies and ecosystems.

Forestry and agriculture provide a range of opportunities for linking the two strategies, with projects in both sectors playing an important role in mitigation and adaptation (Locatelli et al. 2011). In the forestry sector, for example, afforestation, reforestation and avoided deforestation projects aim to absorb or maintain carbon stock (mitigation). These projects also protect or enhance local ecosystem services, which can reduce societies’ vulnerability to climate change (adaptation). Similarly, adaptation projects, particularly those that focus on forest ecosystem management, contribute to the resilience of both communities and forest ecosystems while also ultimately contributing to mitigation.

Adaptation is gaining importance in the international arena, whereas at the national level, particularly in developing countries, adaptation policies and projects are having difficulty emerging. Moreover, in debates on national adaptation policy, forests and forest communities are rarely taken into consideration (Bele et al. 2011). Regarding mitigation, while some countries are in the process of developing national strategies for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), others such as those in the Congo Basin face limited experience and capacity in REDD+ implementation (Dkamela 2011). However, subnational governments and local stakeholders (municipalities, private property owners, indigenous groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), etc.) have high expectations regarding the potential of REDD+ mechanisms to promote forest conservation and bring sustainable development activities to communities (Peach Brown et al. 2011).

Although the forestry sector appears to present opportunities for synergies between adaptation and

mitigation, few large-scale projects have documented these. Many authors argue the importance of mainstreaming adaptation–mitigation links into forest or climate change policies (e.g. Klein et al. 2005; Locatelli et al. 2011) to optimize co-benefits, create new opportunities and design more efficient projects. Thus, there is a growing need for concrete information on national processes linked to climate change, and on the status and challenges of mitigation (including REDD+) and adaptation projects on the ground. Given the uncertainties about international negotiations within the UNFCCC, one of the general approaches adopted is “learning by doing”, where the experiences acquired by implementing these activities help to draw lessons that can be implemented later.

The primary goal of this report is to document REDD+ and adaptation processes. More specifically, the report focuses on activities in the countries of the Congo Basin. The Congo Basin forest is the second largest tropical forest in the world covering 227 million ha. Its potential for climate change mitigation is considerable, with estimates of it storing more than 30 billion metric tons of carbon (de Wasseige et al. 2009). It also directly supports the livelihoods of 60 million people by providing a source of fuel, food, medicines and shelter, and acting as a safety net during crises and emergencies (Angelsen and Wunder 2003). As with other tropical forests, the Congo Basin forest is under threat of deforestation and degradation — approximately 0.17% of it was lost annually from 2000 to 2005 (Ernst et al. 2013) — as well as the negative impacts of climate change, which bring economic, social and environmental losses (Seppälä et al. 2009).

This report provides an overview of ongoing REDD+ and adaptation activities in the countries of the Congo Basin. It aims to address the following questions: • What is the current progress of REDD+ and

adaptation processes in the Congo Basin? • What is the structure of actual climate change

responses? • What are the potential synergies between the

two processes?

2 Charlotte Pavageau and Anne Marie Tiani

REDD+ process

• Identify causes of deforestation and degradation• Develop a national plan• Develop REDD infrastructure• Payment by activities

• Assessing vulnerability, current and futur climate risks• Assessing priorities and adaptation options• Formulation an adaptation strategy• Payment by activities

• Incorporating adaptation in sustainable development (fill policy gap and reorientating existing strategy)• Implementing adaptation projects• Payment by activities

• Monitoring, evaluation• Payment by activities or intregretion of

additional cost

• Implementation of supporting activities• Implementing pilot projects• Payment by activities and by results

• Monitoring, reporting and verification• Payment by results

Phase 1: preparation

Phase 2: feasibility

and plannifciation

Phase 3: implementation

Phase 1: preparation

Phase 2: inclusion in

development strategies

Phase 3: implementation

Adaptation process

Engaging stakholders

Figure 1. The three phases of implementation for REDD+ and adaptation projects. Adapted from: Lim et al. 2004; Proforest 2011.

• Particularly among REDD+ projects and initiatives, what are the potential opportunities and challenges for implementing adaptation?

1.2 REDD+ and adaptation projects and initiatives: The issue of definition

The growing attention on REDD+ and adaptation to climate change is associated with fast emerging landscapes of projects and initiatives. Diverse types of support, funding, activities and programs are being developed by a multitude of actors such as bilateral and multilateral agencies, NGOs, research centers and private sector organizations. Therefore, it is important to clarify what constitutes REDD+ and adaptation projects, the purpose of each and the context in which each were developed.

REDD+ activities can be broadly defined as any activity with a global objective to reduce deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon stock in forest ecosystems. Despite the uncertainties about the final architecture of a global REDD+ agreement, it is generally acknowledged that many countries will not be ready for its complete implementation and thus a progressive approach is necessary (Figure 1). In the first phase, countries formulate national plans and develop infrastructure. Many large programs, such as the multilateral

UN-REDD Programme and the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) of the Worldbank, provide assistance to develop these plans. In the second phase, defined priorities such as supporting activities and pilot projects are implemented (REDD+ readiness activities). At the local level, demonstration activities support the national context and help to frame national strategies. They do so by demonstrating feasibility, setting up enabling conditions for REDD+ demonstration projects, and helping to evaluate the potential benefits and pitfalls of REDD+. These interactions between local and national initiatives are important because of countries’ limited experience with REDD+. Most countries in central Africa are now in the first phase of implementing demonstration activities.

In the case of adaptation, there is no global agreement about what constitutes an adaptation measure or project. However, generally adaptation is understood as any process or measure that aims to reduce the vulnerability of human, natural or artificial systems to current and future climatic risks. We can divide the implementation of national adaptation projects into three phases similar to those of REDD+: preparation, inclusion in development strategies and implementation (Lim et al. 2004) (Figure 1). As adaptation spans many national economy sectors and is interlinked with other development issues, the main objective of adaptation

Implementing REDD+ and adaptation to climate change in the Congo Basin 3

measures and policies is to integrate current and future climate risk in business-as-usual development policies. Contrary to the carbon market, there is no standardized measure to assess the anticipated negative impacts avoided by an adaptation project.

In this report we categorize projects and initiatives using the following definitions: • REDD+ readiness activities. This refers to

“measures and mechanisms that are necessary to establish an enabling framework for REDD+ deals. These can include land tenure reforms, effective enforcement of land use laws and regulations, and the establishment of systems to reliably monitor, report, and verify forest emissions” (Wertz-Kanounnikoff and Kongphan-apirak 2009, 1). It can also include research, awareness raising, capacity building, mobilization of stakeholders in the area of baseline scenarios and monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV), political economy, governance, institutions, community rights, livelihoods, participation and financing REDD+ (Wertz-Kanounnikoff and Kongphan-apirak 2009).

• REDD+/carbon forest demonstration activities. These activities aim to reduce the deforestation and forest degradation trends in a limited area. They have explicit carbon targets that are met either by reducing forest emissions or increasing carbon uptake, and greenhouse gas emission reductions are valorized through a compensation mechanism based on results. Many current activities conducted at the local level are not yet directly addressing deforestation drivers or are not responding to all the requirements of a REDD+ project (such as MRV systems, leakages and co-benefits). Therefore some of the REDD+ activities can be seen as preparation activities for future REDD+ projects that could enter in a global carbon deal (IUCN 2011).

• Adaptation initiatives. This refers to initiatives that support national adaptation strategies and policies. For example, they can include impacts and vulnerability assessments, identification of country priorities, planning for adaptation, implementing large adaptation programs, monitoring and evaluating adaptation interventions, and capacity building.

• Activities for demonstration of adaptation. These activities aim to reduce the vulnerability of local populations to climate change and

variability, and to set up concrete adaptation strategies. Generally they aim to increase local adaptive capacity, reinforce or diversify livelihoods and reduce the sensitivity of production systems.

1.3 MethodologyThis study is based on a comparative analysis of the current state of initiatives and activities in six countries of the Congo Basin: Cameroon, Central Africa (CAR), Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Data was collected from October 2011 to February 2013, using information available in the public domain (i.e. the Internet, brochures and project documents) and other review studies. The result is a compilation of initiatives and activities that describe the landscape of climate change policies and the level of implementation in the Congo Basin for relevant actors such as governments, investors, UNFCCC country negotiators and civil society.

Subnational projects as well as national and international initiatives relevant to REDD+, such as the World Bank’s FCPF and the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD Programme), are presented. Projects and activities were classified according to the definitions described in Section 1.2. In particular, for REDD+ activities a carbon goal must have been made explicit and for adaptation activities references to climate must have been made in the project objectives.

The activities presented are not exhaustive of all initiatives due to several limiting factors. First, there is an absence of official databases and initiatives are often not easily identified. Projects are also rapidly evolving and updated information on their progress is not always available or is difficult to gather. In addition, adaptation projects are often diffuse among business-as-usual development projects, and many projects incorporate adaptation without explicitly mentioning it. There is also little information about whether development or environmental projects respond to the requirements of adaptation or whether planned changes to the orientation of projects will incorporate climate issues or REDD+ and adaptation initiatives and activities.

2.1 International initiatives for adaptation and mitigation

This section presents an overview of national processes within the UNFCCC framework, as well as broad international initiatives supporting most of the adaptation and mitigation activities on the ground.UNFCCC framework

In 1992 the UNFCCC was established to tackle the issues of global warming and climate change. It constitutes one of the main frameworks on mitigation and adaptation strategies in each country for defining priorities and funding. Adaptation received attention after the UNFCCC’s Conference of the Parties 7 (COP7) in 2001, with the establishment of three funds mainly dedicated to adaptation (Huq 2002): the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the Special Climate Change fund (both created under the UNFCCC) and the Adaptation fund (created under the Kyoto Protocol). A few years later, REDD+ became a critical component of national and international strategies for mitigating global climate change and after the Bali Action Plan was agreed at COP in 2007, dedicated research programs, funding mechanisms and a whole spectrum of activities flourished to support the REDD+ process. Within the framework of the UNFCCC, countries are encouraged to develop national strategies and policies. In addition, the UNFCCC provides funding and assistance to developing countries for initial assessment and formulation of adaptation and mitigation priorities through the submission of national formatted documents.

UNFCCC related initiativesOther international initiatives also contribute to defining adaptation and mitigation priorities. For example: • National communication. Each non-Annex

I Party of the Kyoto Protocol shall submit its initial communication within three years of the entry into force of the Convention for that party. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention, provides financial assistance in accordance with guidance

of the COP to non-Annex I Parties through its implementing agencies (i.e. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Development Programme (UNEP) and the World Bank). Some bilateral agencies also provide financial and technical assistance to non-Annex I Parties in preparing their national communications. These documents define priorities for adaptation and mitigation in each country based on an assessment of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gas, an analysis of potential impacts of climate change, and a description of possible measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to future threats.

• National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA). “After international recognition that LDCs [least developed countries] are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, NAPAs were established during the 2001 Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Marrakesh (UNFCCC 2002). With the NAPAs, the LDCs identify and communicate their most urgent adaptation needs, and prioritize actions to respond to them” (Pramova et al. 2012, 2). The development of the NAPAs is also intended to build capacity by raising awareness and enhancing preparedness among the institutions, sectors and communities involved. If requested, the LDC expert group and GEF implementing agencies assist national teams during this process.

• Readiness Plan Idea Note (R-PIN) and Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP). In addition to the UNFCCC framework, countries participating in the FCPF Readiness Mechanism are encouraged to submit strategy documents known as R-PIN and R-PP. Preparation of these documents guides countries in defining and setting a road map, a budget and a calendar for achieving readiness to implement REDD+. The documents constitute a synthesis of current policies, governance context, studies and preparatory activities, and modalities of implementation of activities.

The figure 2 presents the progress of each Congo Basin country in these initiatives, as measured by

2 REDD+ and adaptation initiatives and activities


the submission and approval of relevant documents. The documents only encourage countries to engage in mitigation or adaptation processes and are therefore in no way binding. They do not ensure concrete policy implementation but reveal initial government engagement in climate change policies. Most documents are still under development, such as the NAPA in Cameroon and the first National Communication in Equatorial Guinea. Gabon was the first country of the Congo basin to validate its R-PIN. Subsequently, the country abandoned the classic process (as indicated by the darker color in the mitigation barplot in Figure 2) to adopt a country-specific climate scheme in which REDD+ is no longer an autonomous process but rather an element of a holistic mitigation strategy called the National Climate Plan (Van Gisbergen and Bollen 2013).

Other international and bilateral climate initiatives and fundingOther broad international initiatives are also assisting countries to engage in the mitigation and adaptation process, particularly in the forestry sector. In response to the need for additional large-scale efforts, finance for adaptation and mitigation in developing countries, through bilateral or multilateral partnerships, has rapidly emerged. These initiatives generally aim to support large programs in countries, increase capacity building, provide multistakeholder exchange platforms and finance specific activities.

Their role is particularly important in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of REDD+ preparation. They mainly constitute national comprehensive programs and funding sources for readiness activities and on-the-ground pilot projects. Table 1 lists examples of sources of international financing for both mitigation and adaptation initiatives.

Table 1 shows that the amount of pledged and disbursed funding for adaptation at the international level has caught up with funding for mitigation. This is likely due to an increase in policy attention to adaptation. However distribution of the funds varies between countries. Figure 3 shows the amount of approved funds in the Congo Basin countries for adaptation, mitigation that does not include forestry, and mitigation in the form of REDD+ or REDD+-related projects.

Congo Basin countries capture most of the REDD+ funding available but few adaptation or non-REDD+ mitigation projects have been developed. In particular, DRC has accessed a number of climate funds due to its large forest area and environmental degradation challenges. The Congo Basin Forest Fund (CBFF) is the most active fund in the country, with almost USD 40 million approved for projects that range from pilot REDD+ projects to agroforestry and forest resource management.

National Communications

NC1

Gabon

DRC

Congo, Rep

CAR

Cameroon

Equatorial Guinea

NC2 NC3 NC4 NC5

Mitigation

R-PIN R-PP REDD Strategy

Gabon

DRC

Congo, Rep

CAR

Cameroon

Equatorial Guinea

Adaptation

NAPA National Adaptation

Strategy

Gabon

DRC

Congo, Rep

CAR

Cameroon

Equatorial Guinea

Figure 2. Progress of Congo Basin countries in submitting relevant documents for adaptation and mitigation initiatives within the framework of the UNFCCC and FCPF.

Source: FCPF 2014; UNFCCC 2014.


Table 1. Available funding in 2012–2013 for adaptation and mitigation measures in developing countries.

Source Implementer USD billion Notes

Mitigation

UNFCCC

Clean Development Mechanism 18

GEF Trust Fund GEF 2.4 Disbursed

Multilateral Fund

Climate Investment Funds World Bank 5.6 Pledged 2009–2012

BioCarbon Fund World Bank 0.9 Since 2004

FCPF World Bank 0.4 USD 160 million disbursed

Carbon Partnership Facility World Bank 0.5 USD 140 million disbursed

Bilateral Fund

Cool Earth Partnership Japan 8 Pledged 2008–2012

Climate and Forest Initiative Norway 2.3

International Climate Initiative Germany 0.8

International Forest Carbon Initiative Australia 0.2 Pledged 2007–2012

Total Mitigation 39.1

Adaptation

UNFCCC

GEF GEF 0.4

Adaptation Fund AFB 0.2 Disbursed Pledged

Multilateral Fund

Climate Investment Funds World Bank 0.6 Pledged

Bilateral Fund

Cool Earth Partnership Japan 2

International Climate Initiative Germany 0.2

Total Adaptation 3.4

Total 41.6

Sources: Parker et al. 2010; Climate Fund Update 2013. Note: AFB = Adaptation Fund Board

Am

mou

nt a

ppro

ved

(USD

mill

ion)

Mitigation - general

Adaptation

Republic of Congo

Mitigation - REDD

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Gabon

Equatorial Guniea

Central African Republic

Cameroon

Cross-country

Democratic Republic of Congo

Figure 3. Funding approved for adaptation and mitigation in countries of the Congo Basin in 2013.Source: Climate Fund Update 2013.


Given the multiplicity of international finance mechanisms available for REDD+ activities and adaptation, financing for forestry projects has been difficult to coordinate resulting in inconsistent processes. Even if there is a large gap in the current scale of climate finance to fully address the additional cost generated by climate change, it should not be denied that opportunities for adaptation exist in Central Africa. However, these opportunities are yet to be seized. There are several possible reasons for this: project holders face many difficulties in designing and implementing adaptation projects due to uncertainties about spatio-temporal patterns of risk occurrence; the lack of clear adaptation solutions; the high transaction costs of small-scale projects often required in poor areas; insufficient political support; and negligence of the issue amongst project managers. In Section 2.2 and 2.3, we present in more detail the projects and initiatives that are currently developed in the countries of the Congo Basin.

2.2 REDD+ initiatives, activities and projects in the Congo Basin

Large-scale initiativesA few large-scale programs are available for countries in the Congo Basin to design national strategies and support readiness activities: • FCPF. The FCPF, implemented by the World

Bank, is a global partnership focused on REDD+. The FCPF assists tropical- and subtropical-forest countries to develop the systems and policies for REDD+, and provides them with performance-based payments for emission reductions. The FCPF complements the UNFCCC negotiations

on REDD+ by demonstrating how REDD+ can be applied at the country level.

• REDD+ Partnership. The REDD+ Partnership serves as an interim platform for its partner countries to scale up actions and finance for REDD+ initiatives in developing countries. The Partnership is considered as interim as it will be expected to be replaced by, or folded into, a UNFCCC mechanism including REDD+ once established and agreed upon by the Parties. It was created in 2010 during the International Conference on the Major Forest Basins.

• UN-REDD Programme. The UN-REDD Programme was launched in September 2008 to assist developing countries prepare and implement national REDD+ strategies, and builds on the convening power and expertise of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UNDP and UNEP. It has 53 partner countries.

• CBFF. The CBFF was launched in June 2008 with a grant of GBP 100 million from the governments of the UK and Norway. The aim of the CBFF is to support innovative ideas that will develop the capacity of people and institutions in the Congo Basin to manage their own forest resources, assist communities in creating and fostering sustainable livelihoods, and reduce the overall rate of forest degradation and destruction. The overall goal of the CBFF is to alleviate poverty and address climate change through reducing the rate of deforestation.

• Forest Investment Program (FIP). FIP is a program of the Strategic Climate Fund (a multidonor Trust Fund within the framework of the Climate Investment Funds), implemented by development multilateral Banks including the

Table 2. Participation of Congo Basin countries in international initiatives linked to REDD+.

Country FCPF REDD+ Partnership UN-REDD Programme CBFF FIP

DRC Yes (USD 4 million) Yes Support to national programa (USD 7.4 million)a

Yes Yes

CAR Yes Yes Partner countryb Yes No

Cameroon Yes (USD 1 million) Yes Partner country Yes No

Republic of Congo Yes (USD 3 million) No Partner country Yes No

Equatorial guinea Yes Yes No Yes No

Gabon Yes Yes Partner country Yes No

a The national program helps to support the development and implementation of national REDD+ strategies.b Partner countries are engaged with the global UN-REDD Programme in a number of ways including as observers to the Programme’s Policy Board, and through participation in regional workshops and knowledge sharing, facilitated by the Programme’s interactive online workspace.


African Development Bank. The main purpose of FIP is to support developing countries’ REDD+ efforts. It provides bridging finance for readiness reforms and investments identified through national REDD+ readiness strategy building efforts, while taking into account opportunities to help countries adapt to the impacts of climate change on forests and to contribute to multiple benefits such as biodiversity conservation and rural livelihoods enhancements.

Table 2 summarizes participation of each country in these large-scale REDD+ initiatives and the amount of funding approved. The DRC currently has the most partnerships, all with similar objectives, as it has been identified as a priority country by many support programs.

Mitigation and REDD+ readiness activitiesIn the six Congo Basin countries, 48 REDD+ readiness activities were identified (Annex 1). They either cover multiple countries (regional or worldwide initiatives) or are implemented at the national level. Some of them are part of bigger initiatives and can be interlinked. Figure 4a summarizes the key elements addressed in the 48 projects for the implementation of national REDD+ mechanisms. The relatively high number of initiatives for MRV activities highlights the importance of this element; it is often seen as one of the necessary conditions for developing a payment by results mechanism. Other important topics include: the preparation of a REDD+ mechanism itself such as building or reinforcing dedicated institutions; designing a national strategy and finance mechanism; and the preparation for international negotiations.

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Figure 4. (a) REDD+ topics covered by the 48 readiness activities in the Congo Basin. (b) Types of activities implemented by the 48 readiness activities in the Congo Basin.


The remaining topics focus on structural reforms that would insure the success, effectiveness or equity of the REDD+ projects on the ground. They concern the sustainable management of forests and their links with local livelihoods, the participation of different stakeholders, community rights and land tenure issues, governance, and policy reforms in the economic sectors linked to deforestation.

Readiness activities mainly rely on capacity building as shown in Figure 4b. Other types of activities implemented in the readiness activities include analysis and research, multistakeholder dialogues, institutional support, coordination, technology transfer, technical assistance on the ground, support for policy design, research and education, and advocacy. The broad spectrum of activities reveals the gaps still to be addressed to reach Phase 3 and full implementation of the REDD+ process.

REDD+ projects on the groundAcross the Congo Basin countries, 46 on-the-ground projects were identified. They present varying degrees of clarity in their description of REDD+ objectives. The projects can be categorized into four types: • REDD+ projects that are valorized on the

carbon market or through REDD+ standards. The projects in this category were those that presented at least a defined baseline scenario and quantification of emission reductions (even if at preliminary stage), and

activities in implementation and/or contacts already established with investors to sell the project’s credits.

• Potential REDD+ projects that have an explicit objective to reduce deforestation and forest degradation but have not complied with carbon standards and monitoring, or have adopted an alternative payment scheme (such as Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES)).

• REDD+ projects in preparation that are still in an exploratory stage or have just developed baseline studies.

• Other forestry mitigation projects that aim to reduce carbon emissions in the forestry sector but do not comply with the REDD+ definition.

The distribution of these projects is shown in Figure 5. Very few projects have reached the stage of valorization through carbon markets, credits or certified standards. This can be explained by the procedural barriers and complexity of implementing such processes. Most of the projects present some potential to become a REDD+ project but would require, for example, a reorientation in the design of the project, clarification of the project limits and/or a better assessment of leakage effects or additionality. DRC has the most on-the-ground REDD+ projects as it was one of the first countries to receive support for the implementation of the UN-REDD Programme and has engaged with REDD+ policies since 2009. In contrast, in Equatorial Guinea

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Figure 5. The number of REDD+ and REDD+-related projects in Congo Basin countries.


REDD+ remains embryonic and has not been targeted as a political priority by the government. The absence of on-the-ground REDD+ projects reflects this position.

Figure 6 presents the types and percentage of projects that develop or plan to develop activities related to REDD+. Most are focused on forest management or conservation activities, as well as alternative farming activities.

2.3 Adaptation initiatives and projects

National initiativesA few adaptation initiatives exist for supporting countries to develop financing capacities and manage adaptation projects with a view of long-term planning. Most aim to support informed decision-making by assessing climate impacts and vulnerability, and therefore increasing the capacity of authorities. They also support action on the ground, mainly focusing on education, training and raising awareness. The main adaptation programs targeting national policy and planning in the Congo Basin include the following:

• Implementation of NAPAs. The LDCF, executed by GEF, supports a work program that assists LDCs carry out the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. As of December 2011, the LDCF has approved USD 217 million for projects and mobilized more than USD 919 million in co-financing. In the Congo Basin, only DRC and CAR benefit from this fund.

• Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP). The AAP was launched in 2008 by the UNDP in partnership with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Food Programme and with USD 92.1 million from the Government of Japan within the framework of Cool Earth Partnership Initiative. In the Congo Basin, Cameroon, the Republic of Congo and Gabon are currently participating. Under this program, UNDP will assist countries in implementing integrated and comprehensive adaptation actions and resilience plans. The projects will ensure that national development processes incorporate climate change risks and opportunities to secure development gains under a changing climate. UNDP will help countries establish an enabling environment and

Figure 6. Number of projects with a focus on a specific activity categorized by type of mitigation project. Note: NTFP = non-timber forest product, SFM = sustainable forest management.

0%

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develop the capacity required to design, finance, implement and monitor long-term and cost-effective adaptation policies and plans.

• Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA). The CCAA program sought to improve the ability of African countries to adapt to climate change in ways that benefit the most vulnerable. It aimed to strengthen capacities of researchers, institutions, decision-makers and other actors in the African continent. It operated in three

countries in the Congo Basin, namely Cameroon, CAR and DRC, and ended in 2012.

Table 3 presents the national adaptation programs developed in each country. Most of them aim to frame national policies, with a strong focus on capacity building. In most countries agricultural and coastal management are priorities whereas forestry is rarely a national focus for adaptation.

Table 3. National adaptation initiatives.

Countries Adaptation program Sectors

Republic of Congo Supporting integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa – Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)

ForestryEnergyCoastal zone management

Cameroon Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa – Cameroon

Coastal zone managementEnergyHealthAgriculture

Gabon Supporting Integrated and Comprehensive Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa – Gabon

Coastal zone management

DRC Building the Capacity of the Agriculture Sector in DRC to Plan for and Respond to the Additional Threats Posed by Climate Change on Food Production and Security

Agriculture/food security

CAR Integrated Adaptation Program to Combat the Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Food Security in Central African Republic

Agriculture/food security

Cameroon Water, Climate and Development Programme in Africa

Water management

Equatorial Guinea National Action Programme of Adaptation to Climate Change

InfrastructureWater resources (watershed and flood management)HealthFisheriesAgricultureForestryEnergy

Regional (Cameroon, DRC and CAR)

CCAA research and capacity development program

Various

Cameroon (among eight countries)

Water, Climate and Development Programme in Africa

Water

Regional (21 countries including Cameroon, Republic of Congo and Gabon)

AAP Various


Demonstration of adaptation activitiesOnly four adaptation projects were identified. Table 3 presents examples of past and on-going projects with clear adaptation objectives. The list is not exhaustive but is representative of the under-engagement in adaptation to climate change (see Annex 4 for more details on each project).

As stated previously, NAPAs constitute an initial step for developing countries to develop adaptation projects. However, few of them have been financed and implemented to date. For example, none of them

have been submitted to the Adaptation Fund1 of the Kyoto protocol. This reveals an under-use of possible available funding. Table 4 presents the adaptation projects identified in the NAPAs and their main

1 The Adaptation Fund was established to finance concrete adaptation projects and programs in developing countries that are Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The Adaptation Fund is financed by a share of proceeds from the Clean Development Mechanism as well as other sources of funding. The share of proceeds amounts to 2% of certified emission reductions issued for a Clean Development Mechanism project activity.

Table 4. Priority sectors identified in national official documents on adaptation and mitigation.

Country Adaptation Mitigation

DRC Water resources and watershed management AgricultureForestry (LULUCF)Coastal zone managementHealth

Forestry (LULUCF)AgricultureWaste managementEnergy (industrial processes)

CAR Agriculture Energy (biomass and hydropower)Forestry (forestry production)

Forestry (LULUCF)

Cameroon Coastal zone management (infrastructure and mangroves)Biodiversity and aquatic resourcesWater resources (watershed and flood management)Health

Forestry (LULUCF, biomass and soil)Waste managementAgriculture (rice, cattle and fertilizer)Energy (biomass, hydropower and energy efficiency)Industry

Republic of Congo Agriculture ForestryUrban areaHealth

Energy (biomass, oil, hydropower and solar)Forestry (LULUCF)

Gabon Coastal zone management (infrastructure and ecosystems) Health

Energy (hydropower and solar)

Equatorial Guinea InfrastructureWater resources (watershed and flood management)HealthFisheriesAgricultureForestryEnergy

Forestry (LULUCF, biomass and soil)Agriculture

Note: LULUCF = Land use, land-use change and forestry.


sectors of focus. In contrast to the national level, the forest sector is receiving considerable attention.

From the analysis we can draw two main observations. First, there is a lack of data on whether traditional development or environmental projects respond to climatic stresses or incorporate climatic issues. Second, adaptation to climate change is rarely the main focus of development and environmental programs and is rather seen as an additional component.

The main approach for adaptation is based on agricultural improvements, conservation of ecosystems (e.g. networks of protected areas of mangroves), rehabilitation of degraded zones, and reforestation (e.g. green belt against erosion). Most of the activities support local institutions, public awareness campaigns aimed at local populations and decision makers, partnerships with local NGOs, and revision of legal procedures.

In addition, a number of networks or global initiatives exist in Africa but are not specific to the Congo Basin. They have been active in the domain

of disaster risk reduction and capacity building. They are the result of collaboration of multiple networks and are mainly focused on dissemination of information rather than implementation. For example, networks such as the African Center of Meteorological Application for Development, AGRHYMET, the Center for International Earth Science Information Network, and the Famine Early Warning System Network provide useful information on climatic data, impacts of climate change and food security. A few other networks are focused on genetic improvement for agriculture, with consideration of climate-resistant varieties. These are mainly research networks such as African Agricultural Technology Foundation, Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa, Annual Steering Committee Meeting of the Eastern and Central Africa Bean Research Network, and World Agroforestry Centre (see Annex 5 for a full list of these networks). However, in the countries of the Congo Basin we note a relatively weak presence of these networks in supporting activities in the domains of vulnerability assessment, capacity building, coastal management and local demonstration projects.

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REDD+ readiness initiatives

Synergies in global frameworks and policy processesAdaptation and mitigation actions can only be effective when mainstreamed into actual policies and a broader framework. When analyzing the types of activity implemented in readiness and national programs for REDD+ or adaptation to climate change (Figure 7), it appears that the two are going through similar processes.

The key challenge in climate policy is to build capacity and facilitate action. Hence, considerable effort is deployed to build national and regional capacity in both adaptation and REDD+. Other means of facilitating governments’ efforts to incorporate climate change considerations into planning and policy making include: • creation of new institutions or institutional

support (the same actors can be involved in both processes)

• advocacy for policy reforms in agriculture, forestry and energy — adaptation and REDD+ need policy reforms in the same sectors (see Table 4)

• monitoring of data — both adaptation and REDD+ need updated information on the state of natural resources and the environment.

Many opportunities for synergies exist between REDD+ and adaptation processes, and a joint approach could improve the efficiency of policy processes and high-level planning. Among readiness activities, only three mention possible synergies to harmonize policies. In particular, Gabon has developed a national climate plan integrating both REDD+ and adaptation in its design. However, in the Congo Basin countries there is still a lack of recognition of synergies in national frameworks and strategies. This is mainly justified by the fact that accomplishing mitigation and adaptation goals simultaneously presents many challenges. First, it can increase institutional complexity; institutions around REDD+ are already complex and capacities are already lacking. Second, the funding layout does not allow for synergies; multi-focus funding is uncommon and most funding is oriented toward one objective. Finally, often relevant information is not

3 Potential for synergies between adaptation and mitigation

Figure 7. The types of activities developed in adaptation programs and REDD+ readiness initiatives, and the percentage of initiatives engaged in each type.


available at the same time, as exemplified by the long time period to develop adaptation strategies.

Synergies in demonstration projectsLocal demonstration activities (REDD+ or adaptation) are implementing a great variety of interventions as summarized in Figure 6. The analysis suggests that demonstration projects present many similarities in their approach, which relates to a historical development and conservation approach. The first main set of interventions in REDD+ and adaptation projects concern integrated forest conservation and sustainable forest management. Some of the identified REDD+ projects aim to reduce access to forests and thus limit pressures on them, whereas adaptation projects aim to improve or preserve forest capacity for resilience and delivery of ecosystem services. Some examples of activities are participatory land planning, reforestation, extension of protected areas, and low impact or forest logging. Both adaptation and mitigation processes rely on common existing frameworks. For instance, support to community forests is identified in both REDD+ projects and adaptation projects in NAPAs. However, projects on sustainable forest management for adaptation are still at the planning stage and are not yet implemented or funded. One possible reason for this is that less attention has been given to quantifying the impact of climate change on forests than in other sectors such as agriculture, where adaptation appears to be a priority.

Another set of common interventions combines alternative livelihoods and traditional development projects. These activities are mainly focused on the agricultural sector (e.g. improved farming techniques and improved crop varieties) and diversifying sources of revenue. The analysis highlights that there are specific activities common to both REDD+ and adaptation projects such as the promotion of non-timber forest products and agroforestry. The main rationale is that agroforestry reduces the vulnerability of crop production to climate change, maintains soil fertility, reduces soil erosion and is compatible with the maintenance of forest cover and carbon stocks.

However, a few distinctions can be made between REDD+ projects and adaptation projects. REDD+ projects use a performance-based payment approach with payment conditional to the successful protection or improvement of carbon stocks in local forests. In contrast, adaptation projects usually promote direct investments, insurances or incentives, rather than performance-based payments, which are

more difficult to implement. This is partially because benefits of adaptation are difficult to express in a single metric. However, there are very few examples of performance-based payments in the Congo Basin and those that do exist are at an early stage. Another important distinction between REDD+ and adaptation projects is that REDD+ projects tend to develop a whole set of interventions that jointly target many sectors (e.g. forest exploitation, agriculture, conservation and infrastructure) whereas adaptation projects mostly focus on one or two sectors. Finally, adaptation interventions sometimes take place in sectors that are not typically involved in REDD+ projects such as health and water management.

Some projects have expressed more explicitly the potential for synergies (see Table 5). Most combine the protection or management of forests with improved land use and watershed management, nature conservation, and agroforestry. For example, agroforestry presents many opportunities in which the multiple objectives of food production, ecosystem services delivery, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration could be integrated with long-term livelihood security.

Emergence of hybrid approachesMost REDD+ and adaptation projects aim to combine the integrated conservation and development project ICDP approach with PES (Sunderlin and Sills 2012). However, the hybrid structure of these projects reveals the lack of a clear framework for designing successful climate change projects. On the other hand, the hybrid structure allows for opportunities to overcome potential barriers. For example: • Repackaging of on-going efforts. This enables

project holders to build on existing efforts and progress. Incorporating carbon or climate objectives into existing projects constitutes incremental progress rather than abrupt transformation that might increase risk of failure.

• Reducing uncertainties and risks. ICDP projects ensure predictable benefits. “Under conditions of REDD+ policy and market uncertainty…, it makes sense to diversify forest management strategies” (Sunderlin and Sills 2012, 183). Projects are waiting for clearer signals from policy and market deals. For adaptation, proponents are also waiting for clearer messages about future impacts of climate change. In the adaptation domain, the recommended approach is the “no regret approach” and to minimize the risk of


maladaptation. Historical approaches can be seen as a no regret approach under climate projection uncertainties.

• Responding to the fragmentation of finance opportunities. REDD+ promises long-term funding whereas adaptation funds generally provide short-term funding for the early implementation of projects.

In sum, hybrid approaches present potential for synergies between adaptation and mitigation. Nevertheless these emerging hybrid approaches also present challenges and risks including: • replicating errors of past development projects

(these errors have been largely documented)

• not addressing vulnerabilities of local communities to future stresses. The main risk is a diversion of funds for other objectives and failure to fully consider future climatic stresses. For example, efforts to create new economic growth might create new vulnerabilities or new pressures on forests

• ineffective integration; there exists potential for synergies yet there are very few planned and explicit integrations

• not promoting an integrative approach that embraces the complexity of vulnerability of local populations. The current layout of funding supports sector-specific adaptations rather than societal adaptation that could bring about more benefits.

Table 5. Explicit synergies between REDD+ projects and adaptation.

Expected benefits from REDD+ projects Rational and links with adaptation goals

Watershed protection The protection of forests will secure vital watersheds.

Environmental benefits REDD+ activities will reduce soil erosion, mitigate water loss from runoff, avoid bush fires and their associated negative impacts on soils and ecosystems, and prevent and mitigate the negative impacts of key threats to protected areas.

Improved local capacities and alternative incomes

Alternative employment (e.g. working in forest management or in tree nurseries) could introduce long-term income enhancement mechanisms for local communities and encourage entrepreneurship.REDD+ activities will also support local communities to manage their forest in a sustainable way.

Improved agricultural productivity and resilience

An integrated management system at the farm scale, improved farming techniques and agroforestry plantation.

Adoption of good practices Adoption of good practices by the local administration for land management (agricultural and forestry). This allows for better planning.

Infrastructure and roads Improved access to and from villages, new opportunities through better access to markets and improved access to water sources.

The analysis of adaptation and mitigation projects and initiatives in the Congo Basin reveals some insight into the barriers encountered by national institutions, multilateral and bilateral partners, decision makers and implementers. The emerging landscape of climate change projects is complex with projects at different stages of implementation. Most of the projects are at an early stage with more emphasis on REDD+ than on adaptation due to uncertainties about spatio-temporal patterns of risk occurrence and lack of clear adaptation solutions. Other explanations are linked to insufficient political support or negligence of the issue amongst project managers. Adaptation to climate change is a rather diffuse objective in the development approach and does not benefit from a national framework as REDD+ does. Priorities and progress vary between

countries. While the energy sector is one of the major priorities in all countries of the Congo Basin, the role of the forestry sector in adaptation has not been fully recognized.

REDD+ and adaptation to climate change have evolved as two parallel processes although they present many similarities in nature. Potential for synergies between the two processes exists but is not fully acknowledged yet. Therefore, transformational changes are needed to fully integrate adaptation and mitigation in the current framework of climate portfolios. There is a need for tools, information and knowledge to support decision makers in harmonizing climate policies. One of the priorities is a better quantification of trade-offs between population adaptation and carbon objectives.

4 Conclusion

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(GBP

7.

6 m

illio

n)CI

DA

(GBP

1.

6 m

illio

n)

InW

Ent (

GBP

1.

1 m

illio

n)

Uni

vers

ity o

f La

val (

GBP

56

5,00

0)CE

RFO

(GBP

37

5,00

0)RI

FFEA

C

(GBP

375

,000

)

Star

ted?

Regi

onRe

gion

al

mod

elin

g of

GES

em

issi

on (s

ub-

com

pone

nt o

f a

bigg

er p

roje

ct)

To e

labo

rate

a re

gion

al m

odel

of G

ES

emis

sion

for l

and

use

and

land

-use

ch

ange

, to

cont

ribut

e to

the

elab

orat

ion

of k

ey d

ocum

ents

use

ful f

or n

atio

nal a

nd

inte

rnat

iona

l dis

cuss

ion

on R

EDD

+ an

d to

tr

ain

loca

l act

ors

on m

odel

ing

tool

s

MRV

IISA

Wor

ld B

ank

Clos

ed (2

009)

Regi

onD

evel

opin

g M

RV

syst

em fo

r Cen

tral

A

fric

a

To d

evel

op o

pera

tiona

l MRV

sys

tem

s fo

r ea

ch c

ount

ry o

f the

Con

go B

asin

and

to

esta

blis

h re

gion

al s

yste

m fo

r tec

hnic

al

supp

ort t

o na

tiona

l str

uctu

res

MRV

FAO

(UN

-RED

D)

INPE

(Bra

zilia

n Sp

ace

Agen

cy)

Ong

oing

Regi

on

(Rep

ublic

of

Cong

o an

d G

abon

)

GSE

For

est

mon

itorin

g fo

r RE

DD

+

To p

rovi

de o

pera

tiona

l for

est s

ervi

ces

to th

e fo

rest

-use

r com

mun

ity b

y in

clud

ing

them

in

the

desi

gn a

nd im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e se

rvic

es

MRV

Inst

itutio

nsG

AF

AGSI

RSES

AEC

Ong

oing

(2

009–

2012

) M

aps

avai

labl

e fo

r som

e re

gion

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n an

d CA

R)

RED

D+

AF

proj

ect (

Redu

cing

Em

issi

ons

from

D

efor

esta

tion

and

Deg

rada

tion

in

Afr

ica:

Impr

oved

Fo

rest

Mon

itorin

g Se

rvic

es in

D

evel

opin

g Co

untr

ies)

To im

prov

e fo

rest

mon

itorin

g se

rvic

es in

de

velo

ping

cou

ntrie

sM

RVIn

stitu

tions

GA

F AG

UE?

Ong

oing

(2

011–

2013

)

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n,

CAR,

Re

publ

ic

of C

ongo

G

abon

, Eq.

G

uine

a an

d D

RC)

Enha

ncin

g in

stitu

tiona

l ca

paci

ty o

n RE

DD

+ is

sues

for

sust

aina

ble

fore

st

man

agem

ent i

n th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n

To s

tren

gthe

n th

e ca

paci

ties

of th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n co

untr

ies

in R

EDD

+ is

sues

and

in fo

rest

ca

rbon

sto

ck m

easu

rem

ent.

In p

artic

ular

, im

prov

ing

know

ledg

e an

d co

ordi

natio

n of

RED

D+

in th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n, b

uild

ing

tech

nica

l cap

aciti

es fo

r mea

sure

men

t and

m

onito

ring

of c

arbo

n st

ocks

in th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n fo

rest

s, an

d m

ains

trea

min

g RE

DD

+ co

ncep

ts in

sus

tain

able

fore

st m

anag

emen

t an

d pr

ojec

t man

agem

ent)

Fina

nce,

in

tern

atio

nal

nego

tiatio

ns,

inst

itutio

ns,

part

icip

atio

n,

MRV

, liv

elih

oods

an

d FM

, lan

d te

nure

, pilo

t pr

ojec

ts

COM

IFAC

WW

F-CA

RPO

, W

CS, C

I, CI

RAD

, ON

FI

and

FRM

Wor

ld B

ank/

GEF

(U

SD 1

5 m

illio

n)A

FD, E

U, F

CPF

(USD

13.

2 m

illio

n)

Ong

oing

(sin

ce

2011

or 2

009?

)

Regi

on

(Rep

ublic

of

Cong

o an

d D

RC)

Qua

ntify

ing

carb

on s

tock

s an

d em

issi

ons

in

the

fore

sts

of th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n

To q

uant

ify fo

rest

car

bon

emis

sion

s fr

om

fore

st lo

ss a

nd d

egra

datio

n us

ing

IPCC

ca

rbon

acc

ount

ing

met

hodo

logi

es, a

nd

to d

evel

op n

atio

nal c

arbo

n ac

coun

ting

stra

tegi

es a

nd th

us p

ositi

on th

e co

untr

y to

be

nefit

from

futu

re fo

rest

car

bon

paym

ent

sche

mes

MRV

In

stitu

tions

WRI

OSF

ACIM

AZO

NSD

SUW

INRO

CKM

DD

EFE

CBFF

(GPB

1.

2 m

illio

n)O

ngoi

ng

(201

0–20

13 fi

rst

wor

ksho

p an

d tr

aini

ng)

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n,

CAR,

Gab

on

and

DRC

)

Build

ing

foun

datio

ns

for s

ucce

ss:

Com

mun

ity

part

icip

atio

n is

ce

ntra

l to

RED

D+

To e

nsur

e th

at c

omm

unity

righ

ts a

re

inco

rpor

ated

into

nat

iona

l and

inte

rnat

iona

l RE

DD

+ po

licie

s an

d pr

ogra

ms,

to d

evel

op

and

advo

cate

for t

rans

pare

nt m

echa

nism

s to

en

sure

that

RED

D+

reve

nues

are

tran

sfer

red

from

nat

iona

l to

loca

l ins

titut

ions

and

to

crea

te c

ivil

soci

ety

coal

ition

s to

wor

k at

di

ffere

nt le

vels

on

RED

D+-

rela

ted

issu

es

Com

mun

ity

right

s, pa

rtic

ipat

ion,

go

vern

ance

(C

oalit

ion)

FERN

(NG

O

netw

ork)

Plat

efor

me

pour

la g

estio

n du

rabl

e de

s fo

rêts

, Br

ainf

ores

t (G

abon

),M

EFP

(CA

R)CE

D

(Cam

eroo

n)O

CEA

N (D

RC)

Obs

erva

toire

co

ngol

ais

des

Dro

its

de l’

Hom

me

(OCD

H)

CBFF

and

St

ichi

ng F

ERN

(G

BP

1.6

mill

ions

)

Ong

oing

(2

010-

2012

)Pa

rtic

ipat

ion

in

R-PP

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n,

CAR,

Re

publ

ic

of C

ongo

, G

abon

and

D

RC)

Prom

otin

g Co

mm

unity

; Lan

d te

nure

righ

ts in

th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n

To d

evel

op re

com

men

datio

ns fo

r leg

isla

tion

to e

nsur

e m

ore

secu

re la

nd te

nure

for p

eopl

e de

pend

ent o

n fo

rest

s

Land

tenu

re,

livel

ihoo

ds a

nd

FM, a

nd fi

nanc

e

Rain

fore

st

foun

datio

n U

KCE

D

Loca

l NG

OCB

FF (G

BP

519,

384)

Ong

oing

(2

010–

2012

?)

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n,

CAR,

Re

publ

ic

of C

ongo

, G

abon

, Eq.

G

uine

a an

d D

RC)

Clim

ate

chan

ge

and

fore

st in

the

Cong

o Ba

sin:

sy

nerg

y be

twee

n ad

apta

tion

and

miti

gatio

n (C

OBA

M)

To p

rovi

de p

olic

y m

aker

s, pr

actit

ione

rs a

nd

loca

l com

mun

ities

with

the

info

rmat

ion,

an

alys

is a

nd to

ols

they

nee

d to

impl

emen

t po

licie

s an

d pr

ojec

ts fo

r ada

ptat

ion

to

clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd re

duct

ion

of c

arbo

n em

issi

ons

in th

e fo

rest

s of

the

Cong

o Ba

sin,

w

ith e

quita

ble

impa

cts

and

co-b

enefi

ts

Inst

itutio

ns,

gove

rnan

ce,

livel

ihoo

ds a

nd

FM, p

oliti

cal

econ

omy

CIFO

RSE

IU

EACI

RAD

IRD

COM

IFAC

PACE

BCo

BAD

CEEA

C(U

SD 5

.5

mill

ion)

Ong

oing

(2

011–

2013

)

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n an

d D

RC)

Mak

ing

RED

D+

wor

k fo

r the

Co

ngo

Basi

n

To c

reat

e te

chni

cal a

nd p

oliti

cal c

ondi

tions

fo

r an

effici

ent i

nter

natio

nal R

EDD

+ m

echa

nism

s th

roug

h ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing,

pa

rtic

ipat

ion

and

reco

mm

enda

tion

Part

icip

atio

n,

capa

city

bu

ildin

g

WRI

COD

ELT

Dav

id a

nd

Luci

le P

acka

rd

Foun

datio

n

Clos

ed

(200

8–20

10)

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n an

d D

RC)

Prog

ram

me

of

rese

arch

, cap

acity

bu

ildin

g an

d in

stitu

tiona

l de

velo

pmen

t

To a

ddre

ss a

dequ

ate

info

rmat

ion

to fo

rest

-se

ctor

act

ors

in th

e pa

rtne

r cou

ntrie

s, to

de

velo

p ap

prop

riate

pol

icie

s to

man

age

trop

ical

fore

sts

sust

aina

bly

and

to e

nsur

e fo

rest

man

agem

ent c

ontr

ibut

es to

so

cioe

cono

mic

dev

elop

men

t

MRV

, fina

nce,

liv

elih

oods

an

d FM

, lan

d te

nure

, and

go

vern

ance

Trop

enbo

s In

tern

atio

nale

UN

IKIS

SD

utch

go

vern

men

t

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n,

CAR,

Gab

on

and

DRC

)

Redu

ce e

mis

sion

s fr

om d

efor

esta

tion

and

degr

adat

ion

(RED

D+)

in C

ongo

Ba

sin

Regi

on

To b

uild

cap

acity

and

sup

port

key

pla

yers

in

the

Cong

o Ba

sin

regi

onIn

tern

atio

nal

nego

tiatio

ns,

pilo

t pro

ject

s

WW

FW

WF

Clos

ed

(200

8–20

09)

Regi

onM

odel

fore

sts

and

RED

D+

loca

l im

plem

enta

tion

stra

tegi

es in

the

Cong

o Ba

sin

(wor

ksho

p, n

ot a

pr

ojec

t)

To fo

ster

effo

rts

for t

he in

form

atio

n an

d de

velo

pmen

t of o

rgan

izat

iona

l cap

aciti

es o

f st

akeh

olde

rs in

vie

w o

f the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

RED

D+

in M

odel

For

ests

, to

crea

te a

pl

atfo

rm in

site

s, an

d to

bui

ld c

apac

ity o

f co

mm

uniti

es a

nd e

xper

ts

Live

lihoo

ds a

nd

FM, c

omm

unity

rig

hts

RAFM

Gov

ernm

ent

of C

anad

aU

N-R

EDD

FOG

RN-B

C

Clos

ed

Regi

on

(Cam

eroo

n,

Repu

blic

of

Cong

o an

d CA

R)

Sang

ha tr

inat

iona

l th

ree

phas

ed

conc

ept f

or

carb

on fi

nanc

e an

d PE

S ba

sed

sust

aina

ble

finan

ce

To b

uild

the

capa

city

and

infr

astr

uctu

re to

ge

nera

te m

arke

t-ba

sed

carb

on in

stru

men

ts

and

to e

nsur

e th

e in

tegr

ity o

f lon

g-te

rm

inve

stm

ent i

n ru

ral a

reas

, and

to a

sses

s po

tent

ial f

or m

itiga

tion,

exp

lora

tion

of

carb

on in

vest

men

ts, a

nd e

xten

sion

of M

RV

syst

ems

MRV

Fina

nce

WW

FG

IZW

CSTZ

, SN

V, P

ACT,

CI

FED

CIFA

DCI

RAD

Cons

erva

tion

de la

Fau

ne

Cong

olai

se

KfW

(USD

2

mill

ion?

)Pl

anne

d

Regi

on

(CO

MIF

AC

coun

trie

s)

CEO

FAC

(e

x-FO

RAF)

To s

tren

gthe

n th

e re

gion

al c

apac

ities

of d

ata

colle

ctio

n, h

arm

oniz

atio

n an

d an

alys

is, a

nd

to s

et u

p a

perm

anen

t Reg

iona

l Obs

erva

tory

of

the

fore

st e

cosy

stem

s at

the

serv

ice

of

deci

sion

-mak

ers

MRV

, Cap

acity

bu

ildin

gCI

RAD

CIFO

R, F

RM,

JRC,

UCL

EUPh

ase

2

2011

–201

3

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Repu

blic

of

Con

go,

Cam

eroo

n an

d G

abon

CoFo

rCha

nge

To e

xpla

in a

nd p

redi

ct th

e po

ssib

le fa

te o

f TM

Fs o

f the

Con

go B

asin

, and

to im

prov

e th

e eff

ectiv

enes

s of

Afr

ican

nat

iona

l an

d Eu

rope

an p

olic

y an

d pr

ogra

ms

for

cons

erva

tion

and

sust

aina

ble

man

agem

ent

of th

eir b

iodi

vers

ity

Live

lihoo

d an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t, re

sear

ch a

nd

educ

atio

n

CIRA

D

CNRS

, FRM

, IR

D, J

RC,

ABD

N,

FSU

AGx,

O

xfor

d U

nive

rsity

, IR

ET, M

NRS

T,

Uni

vers

ité

de B

angu

i, U

nive

rsité

Ya

ound

e 1,

U

nive

rsié

M

arie

n N

goua

bi

and

priv

ate

com

pani

es

AN

R, N

ERS

2009

–201

2

DRC

and

Re

publ

ic o

f Co

ngo

FACE

TTo

mon

itor f

ores

t and

its

evol

utio

n, to

in

crea

se c

apac

ity in

fore

st m

onito

ring

MRV

, cap

acity

bu

ildin

gSD

SUU

md,

NA

SA,

OSF

ACCA

RPE

(USA

ID)

Regi

on (a

ll tr

opic

al

coun

trie

s)

FRA

201

0/TR

EES

3To

mon

itor f

ores

t and

its

evol

utio

n, to

in

crea

se c

apac

ity in

fore

st m

onito

ring

MRV

, cap

acity

bu

ildin

gFA

O/J

RCU

CLFA

O/J

RC

Cam

eroo

n an

d G

abon

CoFo

rTip

s (C

ongo

ba

sin

fore

sts:

tip

ping

poi

nts

for b

iodi

vers

ity

cons

erva

tion

and

resi

lienc

e of

fo

rest

ed s

ocia

l an

d ec

olog

ical

sy

stem

s)

To fo

ster

bet

ter m

anag

emen

t of t

he C

ongo

Ba

sin

fore

sts

thro

ugh

a be

tter

und

erst

andi

ng

of th

e dy

nam

ics,

regi

me

shift

s an

d tip

ping

po

ints

of b

iodi

vers

ity, t

he re

silie

nce

of

fore

sted

soc

ial e

colo

gica

l sys

tem

s, an

d th

e co

nstr

uctio

n of

sce

nario

s of

bio

dive

rsity

Live

lihoo

d an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t, re

sear

ch a

nd

educ

atio

n

CIRA

DIR

D, E

TH,

Uni

vers

ité d

e Li

ège,

facu

lté

de G

embl

oux

Agric

ultu

ral,

IIASA

, FO

REN

ET

Afr

ique

ce

ntra

le

UE

2011

–201

5

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Regi

on

(Trid

om

land

scap

e,

141,

000

km2 , o

ver 3

co

untr

ies:

G

abon

, Ca

mer

oon

and

Repu

blic

of

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go)

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RSET

(For

est

of th

e Co

ngo

Basi

n, S

cena

rios

of B

iodi

vers

ity

and

Offs

ettin

g m

echa

nism

s)

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rovi

de g

uide

lines

and

iden

tify

criti

cal

bott

lene

cks,

pitf

alls

and

opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r the

su

cces

sful

impl

emen

tatio

n of

com

pens

atio

n m

echa

nism

s th

at w

ill e

nabl

e be

tter

dec

isio

ns

on tr

ade-

offs

betw

een

cons

erva

tion

and

deve

lopm

ent i

n th

e la

ndsc

apes

of t

he C

ongo

Ba

sin

Live

lihoo

d an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t, re

sear

ch a

nd

educ

atio

n

CIRA

DET

H, I

RD,

Uni

vers

ité d

e Li

ège,

facu

lté

de G

embl

oux

Agric

ultu

ral,

IIASA

, For

enet

A

friq

ue

cent

rale

Biod

iver

sity

2014

–201

6

Cam

eroo

nRe

duci

ng

defo

rest

atio

n an

d fo

rest

deg

rada

tion

and

enha

ncin

g en

viro

nmen

tal

serv

ices

from

fo

rest

s (R

EDD

+ ES

)

To g

ener

ate

scie

ntifi

c in

form

atio

n on

sp

ecifi

c RE

DD

+ ES

pilo

t are

as in

Cam

eroo

n,

to d

isse

min

ate

this

info

rmat

ion

to p

olic

y m

aker

s an

d fo

rest

pra

ctiti

oner

s at

the

natio

nal a

nd re

gion

al le

vel t

hrou

gh

scie

nce—

polic

y in

tera

ctio

ns in

clo

se

coop

erat

ion

with

the

Afr

ican

For

est F

orum

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lihoo

d an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t, Re

sear

ch a

nd

educ

atio

n

IUFR

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IBT,

FRIN

, FO

RIG

, IRA

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FDA

OIB

TU

SD 3

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013

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o an

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abon

RED

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ines

sTo

str

engt

hen

the

natio

nal f

ores

t mon

itorin

g ce

nter

s th

roug

h co

ncre

te s

uppo

rt o

f spe

cific

te

chni

ques

in re

mot

e se

nsin

g an

d by

ca

paci

ty b

uild

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acity

bu

ildin

gEu

rose

nse

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IRD

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abon

), CN

IAF

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ublic

of

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o)

UE

2011

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on w

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a re

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s

SEA

S G

abon

To fa

vor d

ata

prod

uctio

n an

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cess

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DD

+)

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natio

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eld

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ects

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nt M

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now

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prov

ed a

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atio

n an

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ssem

inat

ion

Polic

ies,

MRV

, re

sear

ch a

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educ

atio

n

CIFO

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agen

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n U

nive

rsity

, U

nive

rsity

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sink

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usA

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urop

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ckar

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FOR,

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et a

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usie

urs

phas

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Les

prem

ière

s pu

blic

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ns

sont

vis

ible

men

t di

spon

ible

s

Cam

eroo

n,

Repu

blic

of

Con

go,

Gab

on, C

AR

and

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A

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port

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aina

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agem

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rest

s in

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sin

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maz

on B

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To in

tegr

ate

fore

st m

anag

emen

t in

RED

D+

proc

esse

s, bi

odiv

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ty c

onse

rvat

ion

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ons

redu

ctio

n th

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h re

duct

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rest

deg

rada

tion

and

defo

rest

atio

n

Live

lihoo

d an

d fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t, re

sear

ch a

nd

educ

atio

n

CIFO

RCI

RAD

, FRM

, O

NFI

, IRD

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REA

, AFD

, W

CS, C

I, W

WF

FFEM

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UR

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ion)

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ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

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inue

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nex

t pag

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try

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ectiv

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n co

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activ

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inst

itutio

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ther

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stitu

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tatu

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eroo

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orce

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s ca

paci

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s au

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telit

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s po

ur le

su

ivi d

es fo

rêts

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ique

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tral

e et

en

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ique

de

l’Oue

st

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riser

l’ad

optio

n et

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aîtr

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chni

que

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doné

nes

sate

litai

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pour

per

met

re

aux

pays

de

réal

iser

le s

uivi

du

couv

ert

fore

stie

r en

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orm

ité a

vec

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ence

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atio

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ur b

énéfi

cier

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me

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nanc

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en

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i au

PSFE

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fev2

011

mar

s 20

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ets

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énag

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serv

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ts, d

e la

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e et

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duits

fo

rest

iers

OFP

F (In

stal

atio

n d’

une

stat

ion

de

réce

ptio

n d’

imag

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aire

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eroo

n, e

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cen

tre

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tem

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es s

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ise

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euvr

e du

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gram

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onal

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D+

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élis

atio

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ces

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e la

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céna

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e po

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se s

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prop

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amiq

ues

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ouve

rt

fore

stie

r à l’é

chel

e na

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le; Q

uant

ifica

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stoc

ks d

e ca

rbon

e in

situ

pou

r les

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ers

type

s de

forê

ts

MRV

, In

stitu

tiona

l Su

ppor

t

Serv

ice

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r A

mér

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n (U

GFS

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ur la

fore

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rnat

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ex 1

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Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

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n co

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activ

ity

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inst

itutio

nO

ther

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stitu

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tatu

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eroo

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and

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abon

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ram

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AD

e (c

rédi

ts

carb

one

pour

l’a

gric

ultu

re,

sylv

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nser

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ans

les

sect

eurs

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ne a

ide

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natio

nale

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une

as

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s ve

ndeu

rs d

e cr

édits

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t pro

ject

, fin

ance

, pol

icy,

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tern

atio

nal

nego

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ns,

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city

bu

ildin

g,

Coor

dina

tion

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E, m

ise

en

oeuv

re C

IRA

D,

ON

FI, B

ioca

rbon

Fu

nd d

e la

BM

FFEM

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l pro

jet:

EUR

7.61

5 m

illio

n do

nt

EUR

2.3

mill

ion

du F

FEM

DRC

(K

insh

asa-

Kisa

ngan

i) an

d Re

publ

ic

of C

ongo

(B

razz

avile

)

Proj

et M

akal

a "g

érer

du

rabl

emen

t la

ress

ourc

e bo

is

éner

gie”

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urer

l’ap

prov

isio

nnem

ent d

urab

le d

es

vile

s de

Kin

shas

a, K

isan

gani

et B

razz

avile

en

bois

éne

rgie

, tou

t en

limita

nt l’

impa

ct s

ur

l’env

ironn

emen

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lihoo

d an

d fo

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m

anag

emen

t, re

sear

ch a

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atio

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DU

nion

Eu

ropé

enne

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illio

n

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eroo

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NO

PY

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n de

s m

étho

des

de s

uivi

des

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AP

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Wor

ld

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eroo

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t To

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ting

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st g

over

nanc

e re

form

pro

cess

es in

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with

nat

iona

l po

vert

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duct

ion

stra

tegi

es a

nd s

usta

inab

le

fore

st m

anag

emen

t in

five

trop

ical

, for

est

rich

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trie

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Part

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IUCN

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DD

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LERT

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duct

ion

des

émis

sion

s is

sues

de

la d

éfor

esta

tion

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rres

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s fo

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ides

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emis

sion

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om

defo

rest

atio

n an

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grad

atio

n th

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h al

tern

ativ

e la

nd

use

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opic

al

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asse

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y op

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sing

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r con

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ency

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es

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tly b

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itica

l ec

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ihoo

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nter

nat

nego

tiatio

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part

icip

atio

n

Mac

aula

y In

stitu

te12

par

tner

in

stitu

tions

fr

om E

U

and

trop

ical

co

untr

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(IITA

, IRA

D

Cam

eroo

n,

EU),

linki

ng

with

the

ASB

Pa

rtne

rshi

p fo

r th

e Tr

opic

al

Fore

st M

argi

ns.

EUCl

osed

?

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

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inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

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tatu

s

Wor

ld

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ALU

: Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

from

all

land

use

s

To d

evel

op th

roug

h ac

tion

rese

arch

, a s

et

of a

ppro

ache

s, m

etho

dolo

gies

and

nat

iona

l ca

paci

ties

to im

plem

ent e

ffect

ive

land

scap

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sed

stra

tegi

es fo

r RED

D+

with

in a

con

text

of

rura

l sus

tain

able

dev

elop

men

t, na

tiona

l so

vere

ignt

y, re

spec

t for

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mun

ity a

nd

indi

geno

us ri

ghts

, and

the

inte

grity

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gl

obal

gre

enho

use

gas

acco

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g sy

stem

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erna

nce,

po

litic

al

econ

omy,

liv

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and

FM

, com

mun

ity

right

s

ASB

Par

tner

ship

:IIT

AIC

RAF

IRA

D C

amer

oon

NO

RAD

NO

RAD

Clos

ed in

201

1?

Repu

blic

of

Cong

oM

ulti

reso

urce

fo

rest

inve

ntor

y w

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e ai

m o

f el

abor

atin

g a

land

al

loca

tion

plan

in

the

Repu

blic

of

Cong

o

To c

ontr

ibut

e to

sus

tain

able

man

agem

ent

and

bett

er u

se o

f the

fore

st e

cosy

stem

s of

th

e Re

publ

ic o

f Con

go

MRV

, liv

elih

oods

and

FM

, lan

d te

nure

Nat

iona

l Cen

ter

of In

vent

ory

of F

ores

t an

d W

ildlif

e re

sour

ces

CBFF

(GPB

2.

4 m

illio

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be

star

ted?

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RED

D+

for P

eopl

e an

d N

atur

e (R

-PA

N)

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uppo

rt lo

cal c

omm

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nd

indi

geno

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they

can

mak

e th

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ost o

f RED

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proc

esse

s; to

ens

ure

that

RE

DD

+ be

nefit

s lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es a

nd

indi

geno

us p

eopl

es; t

o m

ake

the

Lake

Tu

mba

land

scap

e m

odel

for Z

ero

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D

efor

esta

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and

Fore

st D

egra

datio

n an

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fluen

ce p

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y an

d th

e fin

anci

al s

truc

ture

fo

r RED

D+

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lihoo

ds a

nd

FM, c

omm

unity

rig

hts,

pilo

t, pr

ojec

ts,

part

icip

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n

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FN

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ngoi

ng (m

any

wor

ksho

ps)

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RED

D+

proc

ess

in D

RC (U

N-R

EDD

an

d FC

PF jo

int

mis

sion

)

To a

ssis

t the

cou

ntry

to p

repa

re a

nd

impl

emen

t Nat

iona

l RED

D+

Stra

tegi

es, t

o bu

ild c

apac

ity fo

r RED

D+

in d

evel

opin

g co

untr

ies,

and

to te

st a

pro

gram

of

perf

orm

ance

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ed in

cent

ive

paym

ents

MRV

, in

stitu

tions

, po

litic

al

econ

omy,

pa

rtic

ipat

ion,

in

tern

atio

nal

nego

tiatio

ns,

natio

nal

stra

tegy

, fin

ance

Min

istè

re d

e l’E

nviro

nnem

ent

Cons

erva

tion

de la

Nat

ure

et To

uris

me

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NT)

Gro

upe

de

Trav

ail C

limat

-RE

DD

+ de

la

soci

été

civi

le

WW

F, W

CS, C

I, U

nive

rsité

de

Kisa

ngan

i

UN

-RED

D (F

AO,

PNU

D, P

NU

E:

USD

1.8

mill

ion)

FCPF

(USD

20

0,00

0)A

FD (?

)

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Cam

eroo

nCl

imat

e co

mpo

nent

of t

he

proP

SFE

To s

uppo

rt c

oord

inat

ion

com

mitt

ee a

nd

foca

l poi

nts

and

cont

ribut

e to

a c

oher

ent

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

RED

D+

proc

ess

Polit

ical

ec

onom

y,

inst

itutio

ns,

natio

nal

stra

tegy

GIZ

BMZ

KfW

MIN

EP

Mul

tidon

or

Cam

eroo

nFo

rmul

atio

n of

a n

atio

nal

RED

D+

stra

tegy

(F

orm

ulat

ion

de la

st

raté

gie

natio

nale

RE

DD

+)

To e

labo

rate

an

R-PP

Part

icip

atio

n,

natio

nal

stra

tegy

, MRV

Wor

ld B

ank

(FCP

F)

(USD

200

,000

)

Gra

nt a

ppro

ved

in 2

009,

R-P

P no

t su

bmitt

ed

Cam

eroo

nCo

nsul

tatio

n w

ith

com

mun

ities

an

d ci

vil s

ocie

ty

on R

EDD

+ in

Ca

mer

oon

(wor

ksho

p, n

ot a

re

al p

roje

ct)

To c

onsu

lt in

dige

nous

com

mun

ities

, di

ssem

inat

e in

form

atio

n on

the

pote

ntia

l of

RED

D+

proj

ects

and

form

ulat

e re

com

men

datio

ns o

n pa

rtic

ipat

ory

proc

esse

s

Part

icip

atio

n,

com

mun

ity

right

s

FPP

CED

RRI

Cam

eroo

nRE

DD

+ pi

lot

proj

ect C

amer

oon

To e

stab

lish

a pr

e-op

erat

iona

l sys

tem

for

carb

on a

ccou

ntin

g w

ithin

the

RED

D+

fram

ewor

k an

d su

ppor

t the

RED

D+

read

ines

s pr

oces

s. Sp

ecifi

c ob

ject

ives

incl

ude:

cre

atin

g a

plat

form

to s

tren

gthe

n di

alog

ue b

etw

een

key

stak

ehol

ders

; ide

ntify

opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r nat

iona

l inc

entiv

e sc

hem

es; d

etec

t an

d as

sess

fore

st c

over

and

fore

st c

over

ch

ange

; dev

elop

tool

s to

est

ablis

h ba

selin

e pr

ojec

tions

of d

efor

esta

tion

and

fore

st

degr

adat

ion;

str

engt

hen

natio

nal c

apac

ity

on c

arbo

n st

ock

acco

untin

g; a

nd fo

ster

in

tern

atio

nal e

xcha

nge

(sou

th—

sout

h co

rpor

atio

n) b

etw

een

Cam

eroo

n an

d Bo

livia

MRV

Inst

itutio

nsG

AF

AGG

IZFA

N B

oliv

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anne

um

Rese

arch

COM

IFAC

MIN

EP

KfW

(GBP

62

0,00

0)

ESA

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ed

(200

8–20

10)

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plem

enta

rity

with

RED

AF

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Cam

eroo

nSu

ppor

t REP

AR

and

its e

lect

orat

e in

con

trib

utin

g to

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

RED

D+

in

Cam

eroo

n

To c

onso

lidat

e a

natio

nal v

isio

n fo

r RED

D+

and

ensu

re c

oher

ence

in n

atio

nal p

olic

ies

Polit

ical

ec

onom

y,

inte

rnat

iona

l ne

gotia

tions

NES

DA

-CA

IUCN

CARP

E (U

SD

19,2

56 m

icro

-gr

ants

)

Cam

eroo

nSu

stai

nabl

e fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t and

cl

imat

e ch

ange

(n

ot a

real

pro

ject

)

To fa

cilit

ate

the

acqu

isiti

on o

f sat

ellit

e pi

ctur

es o

f for

este

d ar

eas

in C

amer

oon

MRV

JICA

JAFT

AM

INFO

FM

INEP

JICA

Sinc

e Ju

ly 2

009

DRC

Civi

l soc

iety

and

go

vern

men

t ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

with

in th

e RE

DD

+ fr

amew

ork

To in

crea

se th

e tr

ansp

aren

cy a

nd

part

icip

atio

n in

RED

D+

by m

itiga

ting

the

lack

of i

nfor

mat

ion

avai

labl

e to

civ

il so

ciet

y,

and

prep

are

the

gove

rnm

ent o

f the

Equ

ateu

r pr

ovin

ce fo

r RED

D+

MRV

, pa

rtic

ipat

ion,

liv

elih

oods

an

d FM

, pilo

t pr

ojec

ts,

gove

rnan

ce

Woo

ds H

ole

Rese

arch

Cen

ter

Inc

CEPR

OM

AD

, CE

UM

and

BD

DJB

MM

inis

try

of th

e En

viro

nmen

t, Co

nser

vatio

n of

Nat

ure

and

Tour

ism

of t

he

Dem

ocra

tic

Repu

blic

of t

he

Cong

o

CBFF

(GBP

3.2

m

illio

n)M

oore

Fo

unda

tion

(GBP

338

,740

)

Gab

onPr

epar

atio

n fo

r pr

ojec

t ide

a no

teN

atio

nal

Stra

tegy

Min

istè

re d

es

Eaux

et F

orêt

sW

orld

Ban

k (U

SD 1

00

mill

ion)

Clos

ed

Gab

onSu

ppor

t for

the

prep

arat

ion

of a

na

tiona

l clim

ate

plan

To in

tegr

ate

adap

tatio

n an

d m

itiga

tion

in

natio

nal d

evel

opm

ent s

trat

egy

Nat

iona

l st

rate

gy,

polit

ical

ec

onom

y

AFD

Cons

eil

Nat

iona

l Cl

imat

AFD

(GBP

50

0,00

0)O

ngoi

ng

(sec

ond

phas

e)

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Title

Obj

ectiv

eD

omai

n co

vere

d by

the

activ

ity

Lead

ing

inst

itutio

nO

ther

in

stitu

tions

Fin

anci

ng S

tatu

s

Gab

onIn

vent

ory

of

fore

st re

sour

ces

in

Gab

on

To e

nsur

e a

bett

er m

onito

ring

of n

atio

nal

fore

st re

sour

ces

thro

ugh

the

esta

blis

hmen

t of

a fo

rest

map

for t

he w

hole

cou

ntry

, th

e de

velo

pmen

t of a

pro

toco

l of

impl

emen

tatio

n fo

r a n

atio

nal i

nven

tory

of

fore

st re

sour

ces

and

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f a

data

base

MRV

Min

istè

re d

es

Eaux

et F

orêt

sJI

CA (U

SD

2.46

5 m

illio

n)St

arte

d in

201

2

Gab

onAg

ence

de

l’obs

erva

toire

des

im

ages

sate

llita

ires

pour

le s

uivi

et

l’évo

lutio

n du

co

uver

t for

estie

r

To e

stab

lish

an a

nten

na fo

r rec

eivi

ng s

atel

lite

imag

es a

nd to

cre

ate

a co

mpe

tenc

e ce

nter

fo

r rem

ote

sens

ing

MRV

Inst

itutio

nsCo

nsei

l Nat

iona

l Cl

imat

AFD

(GBP

9

mill

ion)

??

Ann

ex 1

. Co

ntin

ued

Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

RED

D+

proj

ect (

with

car

bon

cred

it)

DRC

A c

arbo

n cr

edit

proj

ect

for T

ayna

and

Ki

sim

ba-Ik

obo

com

mun

ity

natu

re re

serv

es

in E

aste

rn D

RC

To re

duce

car

bon

emis

sion

s, se

cure

vita

l w

ater

shed

s an

d ha

bita

t fo

r a w

ide-

var

iety

of

plan

ts a

nd a

nim

als,

man

y of

them

thre

aten

ed o

r en

dang

ered

Fore

st p

rote

ctio

n ac

tiviti

esCo

mm

unity

act

iviti

es

(tbd

)

CID

ian

Foss

ey

Gor

illa

Fund

In

tern

atio

nal

AFD

USA

ID C

ARP

E Pr

ogra

m

Wal

t Dis

ney

(USD

4

mill

ion)

Ong

oing

si

nce

2010

Carb

on c

redi

tVa

lidat

ion

VCS

and

CCBS

st

anda

rds

DRC

Jado

ra

proj

ect i

n th

e SA

FBO

IS fo

rest

co

nces

sion

in

Isan

gi te

rrito

ry

To fi

ght a

gain

st

defo

rest

atio

n an

d fo

rest

de

grad

atio

n du

e to

lo

ggin

g, i.

e. in

duce

d by

th

e op

enin

g of

road

s fo

r the

eva

cuat

ion

of

the

logs

that

faci

litat

es

the

expl

oita

tion

of

woo

d en

ergy

and

the

conv

ersi

on o

f for

est i

nto

agric

ultu

ral l

and

by lo

cal

peop

le

Plan

tatio

nJa

dora

/Saf

bois

Carb

on c

redi

tCC

BA s

tand

ards

DRC

Mai

Ndo

mbe

RE

DD

+ co

mm

unity

-ba

sed

fore

st

cons

erva

tion

proj

ect

To b

enefi

t clim

ate

stab

ility

, wild

life

habi

tat,

and

soci

oeco

nom

ic

cond

ition

s fo

r loc

al

stak

ehol

ders

Villa

ge-b

ased

st

ewar

dshi

p pl

ans,

Inte

nsifi

catio

n an

d di

vers

ifica

tion

of

agric

ultu

reIm

prov

emen

t of w

ood-

burn

ing

cook

sto

ves

Esta

blis

hmen

t of

fuel

woo

d pl

anta

tions

O

ff-fa

rm re

venu

e-ge

nera

ting

activ

ities

ERA

(eco

syst

em

rest

orat

ion

asso

ciat

es)

Ong

oing

sin

ce

2011

In th

e pr

oces

s of

ob

tain

ing

both

VC

S an

d CC

BA

valid

atio

ns

Volu

ntar

y an

d pr

e-co

mpl

ianc

e m

arke

ts

VCS

and

CCBA

st

anda

rds

Ann

ex 2

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DD

+ pr

ojec

ts o

n th

e gr

ound

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

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pens

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oPr

ojet

RED

D+/

UFE

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ound

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ord

en

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bliq

ue d

u Co

ngo

tbd

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été

fore

stiè

re C

IB/

OLA

M

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on

cons

erva

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with

ap

prov

ved

VCS

stan

dard

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Pote

ntia

l RED

D+

proj

ects

DRC

RED

D+

inte

grat

ed p

ilot

proj

ect i

n th

e Lu

ki B

iosp

here

Re

serv

e in

the

May

ombe

fore

st

To im

plem

ent a

M

odel

of S

usta

inab

le

deve

lopm

ent b

ased

on

loca

l org

aniz

atio

ns

and

inte

grat

ing

adm

inis

trat

ive

and

cust

omar

y in

stitu

tions

Prop

ose

a fin

anci

ng

publ

ic-p

rivat

e m

echa

nism

Prot

ectio

n of

20.

000

ha o

f nat

ural

fore

st,

prot

ectio

n of

5.0

00 h

a of

sav

anna

s, in

divi

dual

m

icro

-pla

ntat

ion,

ag

rofo

rest

ry, l

ocal

de

velo

pmen

t com

ity

(CLD

)In

tegr

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man

agem

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syst

em a

t the

farm

sca

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all s

cale

priv

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plan

tatio

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paci

ty b

uild

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of

loca

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horit

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WW

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U

CLCB

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BP

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mill

ion)

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rove

d,

star

ting

date

in

201

2

Expl

orat

ion

of s

usta

inab

le

finan

cing

and

ca

rbon

cre

dit:

priv

ate-

publ

ic

part

ners

hip.

DRC

Geo

grap

hica

lly

inte

grat

ed

RED

D+

pilo

t pr

ojec

t in

Mom

basa

To h

elp

redu

ce

defo

rest

atio

n an

d po

vert

y in

the

Cong

o Ba

sin.

Its

spec

ific

obje

ctiv

es a

re to

: (i)

incr

ease

fore

st c

over

an

d im

prov

e th

e liv

ing

cond

ition

s of

fore

st-a

rea

popu

latio

ns; a

nd (i

i) cr

eate

bas

ic c

ondi

tions

th

at w

ould

win

DRC

el

igib

ility

for c

arbo

n m

arke

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efits

and

PES

Plan

tatio

n of

coc

oa

unde

r sha

de

Refo

rest

atio

nAg

ricul

tura

l in

tens

ifica

tion

(cas

sava

…)

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stria

l) Su

stai

nabl

e fo

rest

exp

loita

tion

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g of

lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s

WCS

UN

IKIS

OSA

PYCD

PESO

S N

ATU

RE,

WCS

, DG

PA

FORE

STS

MO

NIT

OR

et

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AN

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3

mill

ion)

Ong

oing

si

nce

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Expl

orat

ion

of

carb

on m

arke

t be

nefit

and

PES

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

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zatio

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com

pens

atio

n

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eroo

nIm

plic

atio

n de

s pe

uple

s au

toch

tone

s Ba

gyél

i dan

s la

ge

stio

n du

rabl

e du

par

c na

tiona

l de

Cam

po-

Ma’

an.

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au d

es

ON

G d

e Ca

mpo

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an e

t en

viro

ns(R

OCA

ME)

CBFF

EUR

166,

327

star

ted

Cam

eroo

nRE

DD

+ In

itiat

ive

in c

omm

unal

fo

rest

Etab

lir d

es b

ases

te

chni

ques

et

stra

tégi

ques

pou

r un

prog

ram

me

RED

D+

com

mun

al; P

oten

tielle

s ac

tivité

s RE

DD

+ : S

érie

s de

con

serv

atio

n ;

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néra

tion

artifi

ciel

le a

ssis

tée

; Te

chni

ques

d’

expl

oita

tion

fore

stiè

re à

impa

ct ré

duit

; Pr

otec

tion

cont

re le

feu

Pr

otec

tion

cont

rela

div

agat

ion

du b

étai

l ; A

grof

ores

terie

; pr

otec

tion

de la

biod

iver

sité

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erva

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SFM

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fore

stry

Cent

re

Tech

niqu

e de

la F

orêt

Co

mm

unal

e (C

TFC)

FAO

-GEF

, GIZ

, M

INEP

Idée

de

proj

et

valid

é pa

r le

GEF

; pro

jet

endo

ssé

par

Gou

vern

emen

t; U

SD 1

0m

illio

n/ E

UR

7.

2 m

illio

n

Repu

blic

of

Cong

oSu

ivi d

e la

co

uver

ture

Fo

rest

ière

N

atio

nale

N

atio

nale

1. A

ppui

inst

itutio

nnel

po

ur l’o

rient

atio

n du

pr

oces

sus

RED

D+

dans

le

pay

s; 2

. Car

togr

aphi

e de

ladé

fore

stat

ion

et d

e la

dég

rada

tion;

3.

Renf

orce

men

t des

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cité

s lo

cale

s

GA

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ence

Sp

atia

le

euro

péen

ne(A

SE)

Ann

ex 2

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ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

Gab

onA

ppui

a la

G

estio

n D

urab

le

des

Ress

ourc

es

Fore

stiè

res

au

Gab

on

Min

istè

re d

es

Eaux

et F

orêt

s du G

abon

CBFF

EUR

5,98

9,00

0

Gab

onA

ppui

à la

ge

stio

n du

rabl

e de

s re

ssou

rces

fo

rest

ière

s du

G

abon

i) El

abor

er u

n pl

an

d’aff

ecta

tion

des

terr

es e

t in

vent

orie

r les

ress

ourc

es

fore

stiè

res

natio

nale

s; (i

i) Ré

géné

rer p

ar p

lant

atio

n le

s es

senc

es fo

rest

ière

s m

ises

en

rése

rve;

(iii)

Rebo

iser

les

zone

s de

sa

vane

s dé

grad

ées

situ

ées

en li

sièr

e de

fo

rêts

; iv)

Dév

elop

per

l’agr

ofor

este

rie

com

mun

auta

ire d

ans

les

zone

s dé

grad

ées

à la

su

ite d

e l’a

gric

ultu

re

Min

istè

re d

es

Eaux

et F

orêt

s du

Gab

on

BAD

UAC

5,2

40,9

74/

EUR

6 m

illio

n

Gab

onA

ppui

à

l’am

énag

emen

t fo

rest

ier d

urab

le

Valo

risat

ion

de la

bi

odiv

ersi

té, g

estio

n de

l’in

form

atio

n en

viro

nnem

enta

le, a

ppui

au

dév

elop

pem

ent d

e l’é

coto

uris

me

FFEM

GBP

3.3

5 m

illio

n

CAR

Api

cultu

re

amél

ioré

e et

re

fore

stat

ion

auto

ur d

e la

forê

t de

Baga

ndou

Com

ité p

our l

e dé

velo

ppem

ent

inté

gré

des

com

mun

auté

s de

bas

e (C

OD

ICO

M)

CBFF

EUR

265,

856

CAR

Prom

otio

n de

la

fore

ster

ie

com

mun

auta

ire

en R

épub

lique

Ce

ntra

fric

aine

Prog

ram

me

de G

estio

n Pa

rtic

ipat

ive

des

Ress

ourc

es

Fore

stiè

res

(PG

PRF)

CBFF

EUR

1,70

0,26

0

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

DRC

Inte

grat

ed

RED

D+

pilo

t pr

ojec

t in

Isan

gi

To il

lust

rate

the

conc

ept o

f tow

n an

d co

untr

y pl

anni

ng a

nd

gove

rnan

ce th

roug

h m

icro

-zon

ing

whi

le

dem

onst

ratin

g co

ncre

te

profi

ts th

roug

h th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

alte

rnat

ive

activ

ities

Part

icip

ator

y m

icro

-zo

ning

Rege

nera

tion

of 9

0 ha

of

fore

sts

Agric

ultu

ral

inte

nsifi

catio

n (fo

od

crop

, ric

e pr

oduc

tion)

Catt

le b

reed

ing

Com

mun

ity ra

dio

stat

ion

Loca

l com

mitt

ee

OCE

AN

UN

IKIS

INER

AIF

A

ON

G P

rote

ctio

n et

con

serv

atio

n de

la n

atur

e (P

CN).

MEC

NT

CBFF

(GBP

2.

5 m

illio

n)ap

prov

ed,

star

ted

sinc

e 20

11

?

DRC

Agro

fore

stry

RE

DD

+ pi

lot

proj

ect S

outh

Kw

amou

th

To re

duce

the

defo

rest

atio

n an

d th

e de

grad

atio

n of

gro

unds

in

Kw

amou

th a

nd to

in

crea

se fo

od s

afet

y of

the

popu

latio

ns o

f Kw

amou

th a

nd o

peni

ng

up o

f Kw

amou

th

Sust

aina

ble

land

m

anag

emen

t (1

0,00

0 ha

)Ag

rofo

rest

ry (1

,300

ha)

Plan

tatio

nCa

ssav

a pr

oduc

tion

Infr

astr

uctu

re (m

arke

t, he

alth

cen

ter,

scho

ol,

road

)

NO

VACE

LO

NFI

WRI

MEC

NT

CBFF

(GBP

2.

5 m

illio

n)N

OVA

CEL

(GBP

1.

9 m

illio

n)

appr

oved

, st

artin

g da

te in

20

12

Carb

on c

redi

t (c

ertifi

catio

n)

with

the

Wor

ld

Bank

and

ORB

EO

DRC

Geo

grap

hica

lly

inte

grat

ed

RED

D+

pilo

t pr

ojec

t:

EcoM

akal

a +

To d

evel

op a

new

m

odel

of c

omm

unity

aff

ores

tatio

n, o

f whi

ch

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

a

syst

em o

f rot

ary

capi

tal

incl

udin

g pr

ofits

.

Refo

rest

atio

n of

1,

000

ha in

the

park

Indi

vidu

al m

icro

pl

anta

tion

of 1

.000

ha

of

Indi

vidu

al a

grof

ores

try

Impr

oved

woo

dsto

ves

Mak

ing

of b

rique

tte

WW

FO

NFI

UCL

ICCN

UN

_Hab

itat

MEC

NT

CBFF

(USD

2.

5 m

illio

n)ap

prov

ed,

star

ting

date

in

201

2

Expl

orat

ion

of

carb

on c

redi

t (M

DP,

PES

or

RED

D+)

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

DRC

Inte

grat

ed

RED

D+

pilo

t pr

ojec

t du

Kapo

nda

Proj

et p

ilote

s RE

DD

+ In

tégr

é du

Kap

onda

To d

evel

op c

omm

unity

fo

rest

man

agem

ent

Part

icip

ator

y m

icro

zo

ning

Com

mun

ity fo

rest

ON

G P

rem

i Co

ngo

DRC

Civi

l soc

iety

and

go

vern

men

t ca

paci

ty

build

ing

with

in

the

RED

D+

fram

ewor

k in

Equ

ateu

r Pr

ovin

ce

To d

evel

op th

e ca

paci

ty

of fo

rest

man

agem

ent,

and

its s

urve

illan

ce in

th

e Eq

uate

ur P

rovi

nce.

Th

is p

roje

ct a

ims

also

at i

ncre

asin

g th

e tr

ansp

aren

cy a

nd th

e pa

rtic

ipat

ion

in R

EDD

+ by

miti

gatin

g th

e la

ck

of in

form

atio

n of

the

civi

l soc

iety

and

the

gove

rnm

ent t

o pr

epar

e th

e Eq

uate

ur p

rovi

nce

for R

EDD

+

Agro

fore

stry

pla

ntat

ion

Refo

rest

atio

nM

icro

-cre

dits

Com

mun

ity c

o-op

erat

ive

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g fo

r MRV

and

fore

st

map

ping

Woo

ds H

ole

Rese

arch

Cen

ter

Inc

CEPR

OM

AD

CEU

MBD

DJB

MW

CSW

WF

PREM

ICO

NG

ON

OVA

CEL

OCE

AN

, ZSL

M

ECN

T

CBFF

(GBP

3.

2 m

illio

n)Fo

unda

tion

Moo

re

(GBP

338

,740

)

appr

oved

, st

artin

g da

te

in 2

012

DRC

Sank

uru

com

mun

ity “F

air

Trad

e” c

arbo

n in

itiat

ive:

In

nova

tive

man

agem

ent

of c

omm

unity

-co

ntro

lled

prot

ecte

d ar

eas

Sim

ulta

neou

sly

to

prev

ent d

efor

esta

tion,

pr

otec

t bio

dive

rsity

and

in

crea

se in

com

es

Com

mun

ity-b

ased

m

anag

emen

tFo

rest

man

agem

ent

syst

em (f

ores

t res

ourc

e in

vent

ory,

land

-use

pl

anni

ng a

nd to

ols

and

tech

niqu

es to

con

trol

fo

rest

cle

aran

ce)

Alte

rnat

ive

oppo

rtun

ities

for

inco

me

(com

mun

ity c

o-op

erat

ive)

Bono

bo

cons

erva

tion

initi

ativ

es

Cong

o pa

rk

auth

oriti

esIC

CNAC

OPR

IK

CBFF

(GBP

1.

3 m

illio

n)O

ngoi

ng

sinc

e 20

11Ca

rbon

cre

dit:

volu

ntar

y pr

otoc

ol

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

DRC

Bono

bo

cons

erva

tion

conc

essi

on

in E

quat

eur

Prov

ince

in D

RC

To s

top

defo

rest

atio

n,

land

deg

rada

tion

and

the

loss

of

glob

ally

impo

rtan

t bi

odiv

ersi

ty b

y ha

ving

lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es

man

age

reso

urce

s in

a

sust

aina

ble

man

ner

whi

le d

evel

opin

g a

loca

l ec

onom

y ba

sed

on

cons

erva

tion

Crea

te a

485

,000

ha

cons

erva

tion

conc

essi

on

(non

ext

ract

ive

use)

Com

mun

ity

man

agem

ent p

lan

Cons

erva

tion

Inte

rnat

iona

l Fo

unda

tion

CBFF

(GBP

1.

3 m

illio

n)O

ngoi

ng

sinc

e 20

11Ex

plor

atio

n of

em

ergi

ng

carb

on m

arke

t

DRC

Proj

ect

Viru

nga-

Hoy

o:

Wor

king

with

co

mm

uniti

es

to re

duce

de

fore

stat

ion

and

alle

viat

e po

vert

y

To w

ork

with

co

mm

uniti

es to

redu

ce

defo

rest

atio

n an

d fo

rest

deg

rada

tion,

and

al

levi

ate

pove

rty

in th

e Vi

rung

a-H

oyo

regi

on in

th

e D

RC

Agro

fore

stry

(coc

oa)

Plan

tatio

n (t

ree

nurs

erie

s)Lo

cal f

ores

t m

anag

emen

tFu

el-e

ffici

ent s

tove

Incr

easi

ng th

e ar

eas

of

cons

erve

d/ m

anag

ed

fore

sts

by a

t lea

st

1,50

0km

2

Zool

ogic

al

Soci

ety

of

Lond

on

WCS

WW

FEs

co K

ivu

Cons

erva

tion

Com

pany

(

CBFF

(GBP

2.

3 m

illio

n) +

D

arw

in I

nitia

tive)

Ong

oing

si

nce

2011

?Ex

plor

atio

n of

ca

rbon

inco

me

DRC

Ibi B

aték

é Ca

rbon

Sin

k Pl

anta

tion

(IBCS

P)

The

proj

ect i

s le

adin

g th

e lo

cal p

opul

atio

n an

d fa

rmer

s to

sto

p th

e de

stru

ctio

n of

na

tura

l for

ests

and

to

conc

entr

ate

on p

lant

ing

man

aged

fore

sts

Ann

ual r

efor

esta

tion

of

900

ha p

er y

ear:

agro

fore

stry

(800

ha)

plan

tatio

n (1

00 h

a)Fa

rmin

g sy

stem

NO

VACE

LBe

lgiu

m’s

Bioc

har F

und

UN

EP

(CA

SCA

De

prog

ram

)W

orld

Ban

k (B

ioCa

rbon

Fu

nd)

Orb

eo

UM

ICO

RE, S

UEZ

an

d th

e A

FD (f

or

the

inve

stm

ent)

U

SD 4

mill

ion

Part

I on

goin

g si

nce

2008

Activ

ely

selli

ng

carb

on c

redi

t to

Orb

eo a

nd

BioC

arbo

n Fu

nd

Carb

on c

redi

t CD

M a

nd V

CS

stan

dard

s

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

Cam

eroo

nCo

mm

unity

pa

ymen

t for

ec

osys

tem

se

rvic

es

To p

rote

ct fo

rest

re

sour

ces

by fi

ndin

g w

ays

to in

tegr

ate

PES

and

com

mun

ity fo

rest

m

anag

emen

t

Fore

st p

rote

ctio

n an

d re

gene

ratio

nSu

stai

nabl

e fo

rest

use

an

d m

anag

emen

tTr

ee p

lant

atio

nSu

stai

nabl

e ag

ricul

ture

Impr

oved

agr

ofor

estr

y an

d co

coa

farm

sN

on-t

imbe

r for

est

prod

ucts

inco

me

activ

ities

CED

BioC

limat

e (P

lan

Vivo

)Ra

info

rest

Fo

unda

tion

UK

DFI

D (C

BFF)

Ong

oing

sin

ce

2010

, Pla

n Vi

vo

PIN

app

rove

d in

July

201

0 Va

lidat

ion

expe

cted

201

2

PES

and

cert

ifica

tion

(Pla

n vi

vo

stan

dard

s fo

r PE

S)

Cam

eroo

nCB

SP-

Cons

erva

tion

and

sust

aina

ble

use

of N

goyl

a M

into

m fo

rest

To e

stab

lish

a co

re

Prot

ecte

d A

rea

with

in

the

Ngo

yla–

Min

tom

fo

rest

, thr

ough

an

appr

oach

bas

ed o

n la

nd-u

se p

lann

ing

and,

fo

ster

ing

publ

ic–p

rivat

e pa

rtne

rshi

ps

SFM

in th

e fo

rest

blo

ckPa

rtic

ipat

ory

plan

ning

Cons

erva

tion

MIN

FOF

MIN

EPW

B (G

EF U

SD

3.5

mill

ion)

GIZ

(USD

1 m

illio

n)G

ov o

f Cam

eroo

n (U

SD 2

.5 m

illio

n)W

WF

(U

SD 2

mill

ion)

Priv

ate

sect

or

(USD

1 m

illio

n)

Plan

ned.

Li

nk w

ith th

e fo

llow

ing

initi

ativ

e of

W

WF

Crea

tion

of

sust

aina

ble

finan

ce

mec

hani

sm

base

d on

pr

ivat

e-pu

blic

pa

rtne

rshi

p an

d ca

rbon

mar

ket

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

Cam

eroo

nW

WF’

s N

goyl

a M

into

m

prog

ram

me

(RED

D+

at

Ngo

ya M

into

m)

To c

ontr

ibut

e to

bi

odiv

ersi

ty c

onse

rvat

ion

and

to s

afeg

uard

an

d m

aint

ain

carb

on

stoc

ks in

the

Ngo

yla–

Min

tom

fore

st b

lock

by

impl

emen

ting

an a

gree

d la

nd-u

se p

lan

Sust

aina

ble

and

inte

grat

ed n

atur

al

reso

urce

man

agem

ent

whi

ch e

nsur

es e

quita

ble

bene

fit s

harin

g to

lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es a

nd

indi

geno

us p

eopl

es a

nd

cont

ribut

es to

war

ds

pove

rty

alle

viat

ion

and

esta

blis

h a

RED

D+

pilo

t pr

ojec

t abl

e to

gen

erat

e

Land

man

agem

ent p

lan

Esta

blis

h a

pilo

t RED

D+

proj

ect a

ble

to g

ener

ate

finan

cial

ben

efits

for

loca

l peo

ple

Faci

litat

e a

part

icip

ator

y an

d co

mm

unity

m

anag

emen

t of n

atur

al

reso

urce

s in

the

Ngo

yla-

Min

tom

fore

st b

lock

.Su

ppor

t the

im

plem

enta

tion

of b

est

envi

ronm

enta

l and

so

cial

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

by

fore

stry

an

d m

inin

g co

mpa

nies

an

d in

fras

truc

ture

de

velo

pmen

t sec

tors

WW

FG

over

nmen

t, W

B, G

EF/

UN

OP,

loca

l N

GO

, cou

ncils

&

pop

ulat

ions

, pr

ivat

e se

ctor

s

UE

(USD

2 m

illio

n?)

?

Proj

ects

in p

repa

ratio

n

DRC

Carb

on

livel

ihoo

ds in

th

e he

adw

ater

s of

the

Cong

o/Lu

alab

a

To re

habi

litat

e se

vere

ly

degr

aded

fore

sts

in a

re

gion

that

has

suff

ered

m

assi

ve d

efor

esta

tion

due

to s

lash

-and

-bur

n su

bsis

tenc

e ag

ricul

ture

, ch

arco

al p

rodu

ctio

n an

d m

inin

g ac

tiviti

es.

Fore

st m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

m in

volv

ing

com

mun

ities

to

cons

erve

rem

aini

ng

fore

sts

Sust

aina

ble

agric

ultu

ral

prac

tices

and

edu

catio

n of

farm

ers

Alte

rnat

ive

econ

omic

ac

tiviti

es

Envi

rotr

ade

TFG

Expl

anat

ory

phas

e

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

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itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

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nanc

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usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

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com

pens

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Salo

nga-

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nie-

Sank

uru

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st

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tudy

the

role

of t

his

rela

tivel

y pr

istin

e na

tive

fore

st e

cosy

stem

in

carb

on s

eque

stra

tion

and

to p

rovi

de tr

aini

ng,

equi

pmen

t, an

d su

ppor

t fo

r ant

i-poa

chin

g op

erat

ions

, and

tech

nica

l ad

vice

to p

ark

serv

ice

pers

onne

l.

WCS

Stud

ies

for

base

line

Cam

eroo

nM

ount

Ca

mer

oon

Nat

iona

l Par

k Pr

ojec

t or P

roje

t du

RED

D+

du

parc

nat

iona

l du

mon

t Cam

erou

n

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stab

lish

a RE

DD

+ pr

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regi

on,

finan

cing

bot

h th

e ad

min

istr

atio

n of

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Nat

iona

l Par

k as

wel

l as

com

pens

atio

n m

easu

res

in th

e su

rrou

ndin

g

Plan

ned

activ

ities

:Pr

otec

tion

of th

e pa

rk

(160

,000

ha)

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aina

ble

man

agem

ent o

f the

pa

rkRe

fore

stio

n in

the

park

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fore

stry

and

sy

lvo-

past

oral

act

iviti

es

supp

ortin

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cal

agric

ultu

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omot

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tiviti

es

reco

ncili

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ocia

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velo

pmen

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otec

tion

of th

e en

viro

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d,

ecot

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NVE

STKf

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asib

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in 2

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inve

stig

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r a le

gal

proj

ect

stru

ctur

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Cam

eroo

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ojec

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sup

port

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nes

of K

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atio

nal P

ark

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duce

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ores

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p fo

rest

and

en

hanc

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rbon

sto

cks

thro

ugh

affor

esta

tion

and

refo

rest

atio

n in

the

fore

st re

serv

e as

wel

l as

its b

uffer

s.

Plan

ned

activ

ities

:Pr

otec

tion

of K

orup

N

atio

nal P

ark

(1

60,0

00 h

a)Su

stai

nabl

e m

anag

emen

t of t

he

park

Refo

rest

ion

in th

e pa

rk

WW

FKf

W

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

DRC

Salo

nga-

Luke

nie-

Sank

uru

Fore

st

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tudy

the

role

of t

his

rela

tivel

y pr

istin

e na

tive

fore

st e

cosy

stem

in

carb

on s

eque

stra

tion

and

to p

rovi

de tr

aini

ng,

equi

pmen

t, an

d su

ppor

t fo

r ant

i-poa

chin

g op

erat

ions

, and

tech

nica

l ad

vice

to p

ark

serv

ice

pers

onne

l.

WCS

Stud

ies

for

base

line

Cam

eroo

nM

ount

Ca

mer

oon

Nat

iona

l Par

k Pr

ojec

t or P

roje

t du

RED

D+

du

parc

nat

iona

l du

mon

t Cam

erou

n

To e

stab

lish

a RE

DD

+ pr

ojec

t in

the

regi

on,

finan

cing

bot

h th

e ad

min

istr

atio

n of

the

Nat

iona

l Par

k as

wel

l as

com

pens

atio

n m

easu

res

in th

e su

rrou

ndin

g

Plan

ned

activ

ities

:Pr

otec

tion

of th

e pa

rk

(160

,000

ha)

Sust

aina

ble

man

agem

ent o

f the

pa

rkRe

fore

stio

n in

the

park

Agro

fore

stry

and

sy

lvo-

past

oral

act

iviti

es

supp

ortin

g lo

cal

agric

ultu

rePr

omot

e ac

tiviti

es

reco

ncili

ng s

ocia

l de

velo

pmen

t, pr

otec

tion

of th

e en

viro

nmen

t (tb

d,

ecot

ouris

m)

WW

FG

IZCF

A E

NVE

STKf

WFe

asib

ility

stu

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in 2

009

(?)

inve

stig

atio

n fo

r a le

gal

proj

ect

stru

ctur

e

Cam

eroo

nRE

DD

+ Pr

ojec

t fo

r the

sup

port

zo

nes

of K

orup

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atio

nal P

ark

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duce

def

ores

tatio

n of

the

Koru

p fo

rest

and

en

hanc

e ca

rbon

sto

cks

thro

ugh

affor

esta

tion

and

refo

rest

atio

n in

the

fore

st re

serv

e as

wel

l as

its b

uffer

s.

Plan

ned

activ

ities

:Pr

otec

tion

of K

orup

N

atio

nal P

ark

(1

60,0

00 h

a)Su

stai

nabl

e m

anag

emen

t of t

he

park

Refo

rest

ion

in th

e pa

rk

WW

FKf

W

Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

Cam

eroo

nCo

nser

ving

th

e cr

oss

river

gor

illa

land

scap

e:

pilo

ting

a la

ndsc

ape-

scal

e ap

proa

ch

to re

duci

ng

emis

sion

s fr

om

defo

rest

atio

n an

d fo

rest

de

grad

atio

n Ta

kam

anda

N

atio

nal P

ark

To s

et th

e st

age

for

land

scap

e-le

vel p

lann

ing

with

the

Gov

ernm

ent

of C

amer

oon

(con

duct

fe

asib

ility

stu

dy,

estim

atin

g po

tent

ial

emis

sion

redu

ctio

ns

and

optio

ns fo

r RED

D+

proj

ect;

stre

ngth

en

man

agem

ent o

f exi

stin

g pr

otec

ted

area

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apac

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build

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Plan

ned

activ

ities

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an fo

r the

de

velo

pmen

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diffe

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use

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prov

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man

agem

ent

of e

xist

ing

perm

anen

t pr

oduc

tion

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st

Crea

te lo

cally

-man

aged

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otec

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and

prod

uctio

n fo

rest

s (in

crea

se b

uffer

zon

e)En

hanc

e th

e su

stai

nabi

lity

of

agric

ultu

ral p

ract

ices

(t

enur

e, a

grof

ores

try,

fa

rmin

g te

chni

ques

)Pl

anta

tion

WCS

GIZ

MIN

EPM

INFO

FPN

UE

PSFE

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n U

NEP

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SD 1

00,0

00)

USA

ID

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000)

Sear

ch fo

r fu

ndin

g,

feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

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eroo

nPr

ojet

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du p

arc

natio

nal

du M

bam

et

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rem

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blis

h a

RED

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proj

ect i

n th

e na

tiona

l pa

rk a

nd d

evel

op

know

ledg

e an

d to

ols

to

redu

ce d

efor

esta

tion

and

prot

ect b

iodi

vers

ity

Prop

osed

act

iviti

es:

Impr

ove

biod

iver

sity

co

nser

vatio

n in

and

ar

ound

the

park

Part

icip

ator

y la

nd

plan

ning

Capa

city

bui

ldin

g

WCS

GIZ

MIN

EPM

INFO

F

Look

for

fund

ing,

fe

asib

ility

stu

dy

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

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com

pens

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on

(CA

R)Sa

ngha

tri-

natio

nal

thre

e-ph

ased

co

ncep

t for

ca

rbon

fina

nce

and

PES

base

d su

stai

nabl

e fin

ance

To b

uild

the

capa

city

an

d in

fras

truc

ture

to

gene

rate

mar

ket-

base

d ca

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inst

rum

ents

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to

ens

ure

the

inte

grity

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long

-ter

m in

vest

men

t in

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l are

as a

nd to

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ess

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ts, e

xten

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MRV

sys

tem

Plan

ned:

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of h

igh

cons

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tion

valu

esRe

duce

d em

issi

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from

intr

oduc

tion

of

tech

niqu

es s

uch

as

redu

ced

impa

ct lo

ggin

g an

d ot

her m

odifi

catio

ns

of o

pera

tions

Infr

astr

uctu

re (r

oad.

..)Ce

rtifi

catio

n an

d st

anda

rds

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CSTZ

, SN

V, P

ACT,

CI

FED

CIF

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CI

RAD

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mill

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ojec

t pla

nned

lin

k w

ith IU

CN

pro

poor

pr

ojec

t?

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ging

pr

oduc

tion

fore

stry

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erat

ions

w

ithin

ce

rtifi

catio

n an

d st

anda

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dard

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r cl

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go,

CAR)

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e Sa

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i-Nat

iona

l fo

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plex

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h su

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e fin

anci

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oved

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uppo

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ram

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ngha

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iona

l Par

k,

cove

ring

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d th

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ntra

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Repu

blic

tbd

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-ter

m fu

ndin

g m

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to s

uppo

rt

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prio

ritie

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onse

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Foun

datio

n TN

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AC, W

WF

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Cam

erou

n et

en

CAR)

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FD, U

SAID

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E, W

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u Co

ngo)

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mill

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bras

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genw

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e 20

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ongo

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om p

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stai

nabl

e na

tura

l re

sour

ces

man

agem

ent

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erva

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area

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FU

NO

PSW

CSG

TZ,

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PAC

T,

APE

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LAG

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in

stitu

tions

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FAC

(USD

13

mill

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(USD

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mill

ion)

; G

over

nmen

t of

Cam

eroo

n (U

SD

7 m

illio

n);

WW

F (U

SD

4 m

illio

n) G

abon

, W

CS, C

I, IT

TO

Cong

o

Plan

ning

pha

se

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

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on

(Cam

eroo

n,

Repu

blic

of

Cong

o)

Enha

ncem

ent

fore

stry

was

te

in C

entr

al

Afr

ica

and

refo

rest

atio

n of

deg

rade

d sy

stem

s in

Ce

ntra

l Afr

ica

To s

low

dow

n de

fore

stat

ion

(by

retu

rnin

g th

e ra

te o

f re

bus

fore

ster

of 7

5%

toda

y to

25%

at t

he

end

of th

e pr

ojec

t) a

nd

to im

prov

e th

e liv

ing

cond

ition

s of

the

loca

l po

pula

tions

by

the

mar

ketin

g of

pro

duct

s st

emm

ing

from

the

expl

oita

tion

of re

bus,

from

agr

ofor

estr

y an

d de

velo

pmen

t of

soc

ioec

onom

ic

infr

astr

uctu

re

Mar

ketin

g of

pro

duct

s st

emm

ing

from

the

expl

oita

tion

of re

bus

Loca

l man

agem

ent

com

ityD

evel

opm

ent o

f se

dent

ary

agric

ultu

reRe

stor

atio

n of

deg

rade

d la

nd (a

grof

ores

try

and

plan

tatio

n)

Soci

oeco

nom

ic

infr

astr

uctu

res

Glo

bal W

ater

Pa

rtne

rshi

p Ce

ntra

l Afr

ica

(GW

P)

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(GBP

1.

5 m

illio

n)A

ppro

ved,

st

art i

n 20

12

Oth

er e

xam

ple

of m

itiga

tion

proj

ect

DRC

CON

SAVA

pr

ojec

tTh

e m

ain

obje

ctiv

e is

to

incr

ease

ther

mal

effi

cien

cy th

roug

h CO

NSA

VA s

tove

use

, fo

rest

con

serv

atio

n th

roug

h re

duce

d co

nsum

ptio

n of

woo

d en

ergy

and

sav

ing

of fi

rew

ood

by 6

0%

com

pare

d to

the

trad

ition

al s

tove

Dis

sem

inat

ion

of

impr

oved

sto

ves

Soci

été

TAIC

OM

Co

ngo

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

n/

com

pens

atio

n

DRC

Phas

ing

out

slas

h-an

d-bu

rn

farm

ing

with

bi

o-ch

ar

Repl

acin

g sl

ash-

and-

burn

farm

ing

with

a

syst

em th

at u

ses

bio-

char

aim

s to

sol

ve fo

ur

pres

sing

pro

blem

s si

mul

tane

ousl

y th

roug

h its

pro

ject

s: b

io-c

har

will

impr

ove

soil

fert

ility

, se

ques

ter c

arbo

n,

phas

e ou

t sla

sh-a

nd-

burn

farm

ing

and

yiel

d re

new

able

ene

rgy

Farm

ing

impr

ovem

ent

Ener

gy a

ctiv

ities

aim

ed

at o

ptim

izin

g th

e co

-ge

nera

tion

of b

io-c

har

and

ener

gy

AD

APE

LBi

o-ch

ar fu

ndCB

FF (G

BP 3

38,0

00)

Ong

oing

sin

ce

2009

. No

cred

it ye

t sol

d

Carb

on c

redi

t: Vo

lunt

ary

mar

ket

DRC

Jatr

opha

cur

cas

culti

vatio

n in

th

e D

emoc

ratic

Re

publ

ic o

f Co

ngo

The

inte

nded

obj

ectiv

es

of th

is p

roje

ct a

re

the

sequ

estr

atio

n of

ca

rbon

dio

xide

by

the

culti

vatio

n of

Jatr

opha

cu

rcas

, reg

ener

atio

n of

deg

rade

d so

ils

and

prot

ectio

n of

so

ils a

gain

st e

rosi

on,

empo

wer

men

t of l

ocal

co

mm

uniti

es to

dev

elop

su

stai

nabl

e ag

ro-fo

rest

ry

prac

tices

, and

pro

visi

on

of a

n al

tern

ate

livel

ihoo

d po

tent

ial f

or lo

cal

com

mun

ities

Plan

ting

14,0

00 h

ecta

res

of Ja

trop

ha p

rodu

ctio

n of

bio

dies

el fu

el

Oth

er a

gric

ultu

ral

activ

ities

by

adop

ting

an

inte

rcro

ppin

g fa

rmin

g m

etho

d

OG

ECBi

oDeC

Carb

on2G

reen

(C

2G, s

ale

of

carb

on c

redi

ts)

CDM

pro

ject

DRC

Cong

o Ki

lwit

refo

rest

atio

nRe

fore

stat

ion

Prim

aKlim

a-W

eltw

eit

In p

rogr

ess

Carb

on c

redi

t: Vo

lunt

ary

carb

on m

arke

t, N

o st

anda

rd fo

r th

e m

omen

t

Ann

ex 2

. Co

ntin

ued

cont

inue

d on

nex

t pag

e


Coun

try

Proj

ect t

itle

Obj

ectiv

esA

ctiv

ities

Lead

ing

Inst

itutio

nO

ther

par

tner

sFi

nanc

ing

Stat

usCa

rbon

va

lori

zatio

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Annex 5. Networks, programs or organizations acting in domains linked to adaptation to climate change in Africa

The following networks either cover the whole Congo Basin or are present in one of its countries.AATF (African Agricultural Technology Foundation) facilitates and promotes public–private partnerships for the access and delivery of appropriate agricultural technologies for sustainable use by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa through innovative partnerships and effective stewardship along the entire value chain. It is active in the domain of technological transfer and crop breeding. (Source: http://www.aatf-africa.org)

ACMAD (African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development) is the Weather and Climate Centre with African continental competence. ACMAD’s mission is the provision of weather and climate information and for the promotion of sustainable development of Africa (notably within the context of national strategies for poverty eradication), in the fields of agriculture, water resources, health, public safety and renewable energy. (Source: http://www.acmad.ne/en/homepage. htm)

AGRHYMET is a specialized institute of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) composed of nine member States. It focuses on dissemination of agro-meteorological data to reduce vulnerability to current climate variability of farmers (Source: http://www.agrhymet.ne/)

ASARECA (Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa) aims to enhance sustainable productivity, value added and competitiveness of the sub-regional agricultural system. It is working on improved varieties that are less sensitive to climatic stresses (Source: http://www.asareca.org/)

ACCCA (Advancing Capacity to Support Climate Change Adaptation) support effective adaptation decisions to reduce vulnerability to climate change.

It draws on lessons learned about communicating climate risk information in clear terms that are relevant to decision-makers; addressing climate risks and adaptation in an integrated, multidisciplinary way; the importance of engaging stakeholders substantively; and the long-term benefits of partnering institutions from scientific and policy communities for understanding and managing climate change risks. (Source: http://www.acccaproject.org/accca)

ATPS (African Technology Policy Studies Network) The ATPS is a multidisciplinary network of researchers, practitioners and policy makers that promotes science, technology and innovation policy research, dialogue and practice, for African Development. It considers climate change issues through the lens of integrated water management and innovation of adaptation in agriculture. (Source: http://www.atpsnet.org)

CIESIN (Center for International Earth Science Information Network) provides information resources on many topics related to the earth and its environment, in particular on the effect of climate change in Africa. (Source: http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/)

ECABREN (East and Central Africa Bean Research Network) is a network that brings together universities, NGOs and the private sector as well as government research and development (R&D) institutions to share bean germplasm and information and expertise in the area of bean breeding and dissemination. (Source: http://www.ecabren.org)

FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning System Network) is a leading provider of information and analysis on food insecurity. It provides an information system to identify problems in the food supply system. (Source: http://www.fews.net/Pages/default.aspx)


ICRAF (World Agroforestry Research Center) has a dedicated research program on improvement of cash crops, management of water resources, land-use planning, and improved resilience of agricultural systems. (Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org)

ODINAFRICA (Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa) brings together more than 40

marine related institutions from 25 countries in Africa. The network strives to address the challenges faced in ensuring that ocean and coastal data and information generated in national, regional and global programmes are readily available to a wide range of users in an easily understandable format. (Source: http://www.odinafrica.org)

This research was carried out by CIFOR as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA). This collaborative program aims to enhance the management and use of forests, agroforestry and tree genetic resources across the landscape from forests to farms. CIFOR leads CRP-FTA in partnership with Bioversity International, CATIE, CIRAD, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and the World Agroforestry Centre.

cifor.org blog.cifor.org

This report presents the state of progress of projects and initiatives to promote adaptation and REDD+ in the Congo Basin region and it analyses opportunities for synergies or trade-off between the two strategies. 94 national programs and activities on the ground related to REDD+ and 11 on adaptation have been identified in six countries of the Congo Basin.

The emerging landscape of climate change projects is quite complex and is mainly rooted in historical approaches. Opportunities for funding exists but are not seized; most of the projects are at an early stage with more emphasize on REDD+ than on adaptation, due to uncertainties about spatiotemporal patterns of risk occurrence, lack of clear adaptation solutions. Some other reasons are linked to insufficient political support or lack of interest for the issue amongst project managers. Adaptation to climate change is rather diffuse in development approach and does not benefit of national structuring framework as REDD+ does.

Among REDD+ initiatives, there are 1) local demonstration activities that directly aim to reduce carbon emission from deforestation, forest degradation, and sustainable forest management and increase carbon stocks, and 2) readiness activities that try to create an enabling framework for countries to participate in REDD+ deals and develop strategies accordingly. Adaptation to climate change and REDD+ evolves as two parallel and similar processes. Potential for synergies among the two processes exists but are not fully recognized yet. Thus transformational changes are needed to increase the integration of adaptation and mitigation in the current climate portfolio. In particular, there is a need for tools, information and knowledge to support decision makers to harmonizing climate policies.

CIFOR Working Papers contain preliminary or advance research results on tropical forest issues that need to be published in a timely manner to inform and promote discussion. This content has been internally reviewed but has not undergone external peer review.

Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)CIFOR advances human well-being, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to help shape policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. Our headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia, with offices in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

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