Implementing an Ambient Phytoplankton Monitoring … genus level - based on cell # Present 50% Live...
Transcript of Implementing an Ambient Phytoplankton Monitoring … genus level - based on cell # Present 50% Live...
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Gabriela HannachGabriela HannachEnvironmental Lab
Kim StarkKim StarkMarine and Sediment Assessment
King County Department of Natural ResourcesSeattle, Washington
Implementing an Ambient Implementing an Ambient Phytoplankton Monitoring Phytoplankton Monitoring Program in Puget Sound Program in Puget Sound
Central BasinCentral Basin
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Marine Ambient ProgramMarine Ambient ProgramKing County Marine and Sediment Assessment Group
Long-term marine monitoring program - since 1995
Water quality in the Central Puget Sound Basin
Physical, chemical and biological parameters - monthly
Marine Phytoplankton monitoring Marine Phytoplankton monitoring NEW!! 2008NEW!! 2008
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Goals of Marine Phytoplankton Goals of Marine Phytoplankton MonitoringMonitoring
Measure/predict impact of climate or regional Measure/predict impact of climate or regional stressors on community structurestressors on community structure
Assess relative abundance of major phytoplankton taxa during the bloom season
Document the timing of seasonal shifts in major taxa
Investigate relationships between physical/chemical parameters and species relative abundance
Detect long-term changes in community composition
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More Goals !More Goals !
Create an electronic image library of Puget Sound phytoplankton species
Detect occurrence and environmental conditions that lead to blooms of HAB species in Puget Sound
Expand the program and build extensive database
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3 Locations in the Central Basin3 Locations in the Central Basin
Point JeffersonPoint Jefferson
Long-term station
Open, North
Sample 2 depths
East PassageEast Passage
Long-term station
Open, South
Sample 2 depths
Quartermaster Quartermaster HarborHarbor
Shallow protected embayment with poor flushing
Sample 1 depth
Telemetered mooring
Sample CollectionSample Collection
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…..
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(Field photo 1)(Field photo 1)Biweekly AprilBiweekly April--SeptemberSeptemberNiskin bottlesNiskin bottlesChlorophyll Chlorophyll fluorescencefluorescenceprofileprofile
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(Field photo 2)(Field photo 2)
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Laboratory MethodsLaboratory Methods1. List of taxa1. List of taxa
SpeciesSpeciesGenusGenusLarger categoryLarger category
2. Semi2. Semi--quantitative evaluationquantitative evaluationat genus level at genus level -- based on cell #based on cell #
PresentPresent <25%<25%Subdominant 25Subdominant 25--50%50%Dominant >50%Dominant >50%
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Live SamplesLive SamplesUsed for species identificationUsed for species identificationConcentration by reverse filtrationConcentration by reverse filtration1 or 5 1 or 5 µµm meshm mesh ~50x~50x
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Preserved SamplesPreserved SamplesFor archiving and semiFor archiving and semi--quantitative analysisquantitative analysis
Settling in FormalinSettling in Formalin
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Nanoplankton Counting ChamberNanoplankton Counting Chamber
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Typical Seasonal PatternTypical Seasonal Pattern
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Some Results/ObservationsSome Results/Observations
Number of speciesNumber of speciesDominant taxaDominant taxaHarmful species?Harmful species?
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DIATOMS-CENTRIC DIATOMS-PENNATE CHRYSOPHYTESActinoptychus senarius Asterionellopsis glacialis Meringosphaera mediterraneaAsteromphalus heptactis Cylindrotheca closteriumAulacodiscus kittonii Navicula sp.Cerataulina pelagica Nitzschia acicularis EBRIDEANChaetoceros (Hyalochaete) sp. Pleurosigma sp. Ebria tripartitaChaetoceros (Phaeocerus) sp. Pseudo-nitzschia sp. (large)Chaetoceros affinis Pseudo-nitzschia sp. (small)Chaetoceros concavicornis Thalassionema nitzschioides PRYMNESIOPHYTESChaetoceros convolutus Tropidoneis antarctica Phaeocystis sp.Chaetoceros curvisetus unidentified pennateChaetoceros danicusChaetoceros debilis RAPHIDOPHTYEChaetoceros decipiens DINOFLAGELLATES Heterosigma akashiwoChaetoceros diadema Akashiwo sanguineaChaetoceros didymus Alexandrium catenellaChaetoceros laciniosus Alexandrium sp. SILICOFLAGELLATESChaetoceros lorenzianus Amylax triacantha Dictyocha fibulaChaetoceros radicans Ceratium fusus Dictyocha speculumChaetoceros similis Ceratium sp.Chaetoceros socialis Dinophysis acuminataChaetoceros teres Dinophysis acuta/norvegica OTHERChaetoceros vanheurckii Dinophysis fortii unidentified nanoflagellatesCorethron hystrix Dinophysis rotundataCoscinodiscus centralis Dinophysis sp.Coscinodiscus concinnus Dissodinium pseudolunulaCoscinodiscus curvatulus Gonyaulax sp.Coscinodiscus granii Gymnodinium sp.Coscinodiscus marginatus Gyrodinium sp.Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Gyrodinium spiraleCoscinodiscus sp. Heterocapsa triquetraCoscinodiscus wailesii Minuscula bipesDactyliosolen fragilissimus Nematodinium armatumDetonula pumila Noctiluca scintillansDitylum brightwellii Oxyphysis oxytoxoidesEucampia zodiacus Polykrikos schwartziiGuinardia delicatula Prorocentrum gracileGuinardia striata Prorocentrum micansHemiaulus hauckii Protoceratium reticulatumLauderia annulata Protoperidinium brevipesLeptocylindrus danicus Protoperidinium conicumLeptocylindrus minimus Protoperidinium depressumMelosira moniliformis Protoperidinium excentricumOdontella longicruris Protoperidinium leonisParalia sulcata Protoperidinium oceanicumRhizosolenia setigera Protoperidinium sp.Skeletonema costatum Protoperidinium steiniiStephanopyxis nipponica Pyrophacus horologiumStephanopyxis palmeriana Scrippsiella trochoideaThalassiosira aestivalis diplopsalid dinoflagellateThalassiosira anguste-lineata gymnodinioid dinoflagellateThalassiosira eccentrica unidentified dinoflagellate (<25 um)Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii unidentified dinoflagellate (>25 um)Thalassiosira pacificaThalassiosira punctigeraThalassiosira rotulaThalassiosira sp.unidentified centric
List of List of taxa in taxa in LIMSLIMS
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20082008--2009 Dominant Taxa2009 Dominant Taxa1. Chain forming diatoms1. Chain forming diatoms
Chaetoceros Chaetoceros -- many spp.many spp.
Thalassiosira Thalassiosira -- many spp.many spp.SkeletonemaSkeletonemaDetonulaDetonulaRhizosoleniaRhizosoleniaLeptocylindrusLeptocylindrusDytilumDytilumEucampiaEucampiaThalassionemaThalassionemaPseudoPseudo--nitzschia nitzschia (HAB)(HAB)
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Chaetoceros debilis
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Chaetoceros dydimus
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Chaetoceros diadema
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Chaetoceros laciniosus
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Chaetoceros radicans
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Chaetoceros similis
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Chaetoceros socialis
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Chaetoceros teresChaetoceros teres
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Thalassiosira anguste-lineata
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Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii
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Skeletonema costatum
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Ditylum brightwellii
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Rhizosolenia setigeraRhizosolenia setigera
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Thalassionema nitzschioides
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Pseudo-nitzschia sp. (domoic acid)
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20082008--2009 Dominant Taxa2009 Dominant Taxa2. Solitary diatoms2. Solitary diatoms
Cylindrotheca Cylindrotheca
CoscinodiscusCoscinodiscus
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Coscinodiscus wailessii
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20082008--2009 Dominant Taxa2009 Dominant Taxa3. 3. Heterosigma akashiwoHeterosigma akashiwo
Raphidophyte (small flagellate)Raphidophyte (small flagellate)
HABHAB
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HeterosigmaHeterosigma bloombloomQuartermaster Harbor August 2009Quartermaster Harbor August 2009
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20082008--2009 Dominant Taxa2009 Dominant Taxa4. Dinoflagellates4. Dinoflagellates
Protoperidinium Protoperidinium spp.spp.
Prorocentrum gracileProrocentrum gracileCeratium fususCeratium fususAkashiwo sanguineaAkashiwo sanguineasmall unidentified spp.small unidentified spp.Alexandrium catenella Alexandrium catenella (PSP)(PSP)
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Akashiwo sanguinea
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Protoperidinium Protoperidinium spp.spp.
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Ceratium fusus
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Alexandrium catenella (PSP)
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Other Taxa of InterestOther Taxa of Interest
or justor justmore cool picturesmore cool pictures
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Noctiluca bloom
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Noctiluca scintillansNoctiluca scintillans
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Dinophysis acuminata (DSP)
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Dinoflagellate cyst
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Gyrodinium sp.
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Gyrodinium spirale
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And what about And what about the the
Zooplankton??Zooplankton??
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Some ConclusionsSome ConclusionsChallengesChallenges
Sampling design: is it representative?Sampling design: is it representative?Year to year variationYear to year variation““CorrectCorrect”” identificationidentification
Use of technology?Use of technology?FlowFlow--Cam for quantitative dataCam for quantitative data
Important effort!Important effort!No other routine monitoring programs in the SoundNo other routine monitoring programs in the Sound
Acknowledgments: All involved staff + taxpayersAcknowledgments: All involved staff + taxpayers