19. 3.2015

Implementation of

Digital Signature Helle Zinner Henriksen Associate professor Department of IT Management Copenhagen Business School & Institutt for informasjonssystemer Universitetet i Agder

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1994 – introduction of the idea of a personal digital signature for Danish Citizens

At that time personal digital identifiers seemed quite futuristic.

1999 – The parliament issues regulation and the first tests are made

2003 – first digital signature

2009 - a new version of the digital signature was introduced. The new version was labelled “NemID” and replaced an older version which was based on outdated technology.

The older version was complex to use but a mitigating circumstance was that use was voluntary and there were a limited range of services required a digital signature.

The NemID signature marked a shift because it was introduced in collaboration with public and private sector. For private sector the primary activity was log-in to home-banking.

The Digital Signature - timeline

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PUBLIC

At its introduction in July 2010

it was voluntary to use NemID

From 2012 more and more

public services can only be

assessed online by using the

NemID.

PRIVATE

NemID mandatory for

- online banking

- gaming

2010 and onwards

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• The objective of this study is to show how technology driven

privacy terms are presented in media.

• The study aims at identifying how print-media portrays digital

signature.

• The locus of investigation is Denmark and the data used in the

analysis origins from Danish media during the period 2009 and

2014.

• The study of media conversation pinpoints the tensions among

stakeholders and users.

A study of media representations

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Name of newspaper Political

orientation/

Type

Number

included in

sample

Berlingske Centre-right 271

Jyllands-Posten Right 255

Politiken Centre-left 195

Ekstra Bladet Tabloid 111

B.T. Tabloid 75

Information Left 29

936

The corpus of empirical materials

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0:salget, nationalbanken, ejer, atp, kapitalfonde, nordea, advent, ejere, lybecker, mia, dong, bain, norske, capital, kapitalfond, infrastruktur, sass, sælge, køber, selskab

1:bingo, spil, spille, registrer, ekstrabladetbingo, vinde, login, benytte, casino, præmier, kontanter, spiller, vind, spillere, bonus, indbetaling, 150, præmierne, ekstrabladetcasino, måned

2:danid, jette, knudsen, adgangskode, nøglekort, kommunikationschef, nøglekortet, tidende, koder, netbanken, kode, ritzau, nøgle, hjemmesider, juli, brugernavn, løsningen, login, brugerne, telestyrelsen

3:ældre, lære, frivillige, 65, kommunerne, borgerservice, digitalisering, post, kommunen, årige, pc, 89, 2015, kommunikation, kurser, digitalt, 80, sagens, postkasse, digitaliseringen

4:cpr, nummer, identitetstyveri, numre, nummeret, vestager, identitet, numrene, margrethe, personnummer, navn, misbrugt, identitetstyverier, sager, cprnummer, misbrug, personnumre, problemet, virksomhederne, identifikation

5:boks, uddannelse, post, digitalt, københavn, hansen, postkasse, børn, liv, dine, tv, pension, mand, facebook, lad, digitalisering, breve, muligheder, kultur, kommunerne

6:mobilepay, swipp, paii, app, overføre, konto, mobile, mobilen, banks, kunderne, nordea, mobil, mobilbetaling, jesper, betaling, nielsen, google, jyske, apps, gebyr

7:angreb, cyberangreb, kriminelle, angrebet, indbrud, cybersikkerhed, politiet, center, hackere, fe, kriminalitet, computere, hjemmesider, sørensen, lund, winge, thomas, efterretningstjeneste, angrebene, finansrådet

8:java, version, opdatering, programmet, opdateret, nyeste, bt, oracle, programmer, pc, installeret, ahmad, browser, opdatere, sikkerhedshul, program, shehzad, hackere, winge, eksperter

9:ibm, hør, tys, digitaliseringsstyrelsen, redegørelsen, sigtede, redegørelse, medarbejder, databaser, kilden, personfølsomme, misbrug, undersøgelse, følsomme, csc, fortrolige, datasikkerhed, frelle, ugebladet, sket

The computer-generated topical lists

(in Danish)

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N = 936 artikler, læserbreve, kronikker og kommentarer

Berlingske: 271

Jyllands-Posten: 255

Politiken: 195

Ekstra Bladet: 111

B.T.: 75

Information: 29

Salg af Nets

Spil og bingo

Introduktion af NemID – kritik af brugervenlighed, bekymring for centralisering af infrastruktur risiko for hacking

2011-15 strategien – off. digitalisering

Identitetstyveri, hacking af CPR og NemID som nøgle

Marginalisering som følge af NemID - vanskelig at anvende, ikke sikker nok

Mobile betalinger – med og uden NemID

Cyber- angreb, krimininalitet, hacking etc.

Sikkerhedsproblemer ifm Java

”Se&Hør” sagen

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Topic Letters Articles Ratio

(Letters/

Articles)

Senti-

ment

letters

Senti-

ment

articles

0 The sale of the service provider Nets 16 80 .20 .25 .53

1 The use of NemID for online gaming 0 38 .00 .92

2 The introduction of the NemID signature 22 121 .18 .36 .55

3 Visions related to the overall digitization strategy

promoted by government

21 25 .84 .38 .68

4 Identity theft and hacking 11 26 .42 .36 .50

5 A debate on usability, security and marginalization

of citizens

117 255 .46 .19 .46

6 The possibility of introducing mobile payments with

or without digital signature

2 40 .05 .50 .78

7 Cyberattacks and crime 9 74 .12 .33 .54

8 Security issues related to the use of Java 5 36 .14 .20 .56

9 A specific case where an employee had leaked

information to a tabloid magazine

1 37 .03 .00 .03

Total 204 732 .30 .25 .52

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Type Positive Negative Sentiment

Letters to

the Editor

51 153 .25

Articles 384 348 .52

Distribution in sentiment between articles and letters to the editor

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Year Letters to the

editor

Articles Overall

Sentiment

2010 .27 .51 .44

2011 .30 .59 .54

2012 .26 .64 .58

2013 .23 .52 .46

Sentiment over time

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Readers are active in commenting on sensitive issues

Their attitude do not change significantly over time

Sentiment is more negative for citizens than the media in general

Concerns are ignored in media

What is the use this type of analysis?

- Provides transparancy of the public debate

- Digital signature is a technology which intrudes the private sphere of citizens, confidence is crucial for success of e-government services

Concluding remarks

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Implementation of Digital Signature

Thank you for your attention

Questions – Comments?

Helle Zinner Henriksen

Associate professor

Department of IT Management

Copenhagen Business School

&

Institutt for informasjonssystemer

Universitetet i Agder