IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM TO … · Drip irrigation, also known as trickle...

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http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 631 [email protected] International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 631–641 Article ID: IJCIET_08_02_065 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM TO COVER DEFICIT OF CROP WATER NEED FOR KHANDESH REGION Prof. V. N. Borse Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon Prof. H. B. Patil Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon Prof. S.R. Kolhe Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon Prof. R. V. Karamchandani Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon ABSTRACT In this paper study of site condition which includes availability of water, type of soil, Nature of land, climatic conditions is studied. According to these studies many things in the field of irrigation practiced wrongly. Such as somewhere availability of water is much more but farmer irrigates field by using drip irrigation system instead of sprinkle irrigation system. Cite This Article: Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani, Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region. India. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 631–641. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2 1. INTRODUCTION Now days we are witness of developed modern irrigation system in all over the country. Irrigation has been around for as long as humans have been cultivating plants. Human first invention after he learned how to grow plants from seeds was probably a bucket. Ancient people must have been strong from having to haul buckets full of water to pour on their first plants. Pouring water on fields is still a common irrigation method

Transcript of IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM TO … · Drip irrigation, also known as trickle...

Page 1: IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM TO … · Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, functions as its name suggests. Water is delivered at or near the root zone

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 631 [email protected]

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 631–641 Article ID: IJCIET_08_02_065

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION

SYSTEM TO COVER DEFICIT OF CROP WATER NEED

FOR KHANDESH REGION

Prof. V. N. Borse

Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering

G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

Prof. H. B. Patil

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering

G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

Prof. S.R. Kolhe

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering

G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering

G.H. Raisoni Institute of Technology and Management, Shift Polytechnic, Jalgaon

ABSTRACT

In this paper study of site condition which includes availability of water, type of soil, Nature of

land, climatic conditions is studied. According to these studies many things in the field of irrigation

practiced wrongly. Such as somewhere availability of water is much more but farmer irrigates field

by using drip irrigation system instead of sprinkle irrigation system.

Cite This Article: Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V.

Karamchandani, Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need

For Khandesh Region. India. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 2017,

pp. 631–641.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2

1. INTRODUCTION

Now days we are witness of developed modern irrigation system in all over the country. Irrigation has been

around for as long as humans have been cultivating plants. Human first invention after he learned how to

grow plants from seeds was probably a bucket. Ancient people must have been strong from having to haul

buckets full of water to pour on their first plants. Pouring water on fields is still a common irrigation method

Page 2: IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDEAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM TO … · Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, functions as its name suggests. Water is delivered at or near the root zone

Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 632 [email protected]

today but other, more efficient and mechanized methods are also used. But at the time of adopt irrigation

technique many points not consider such as type of earth, water availability, nature of earth, type of crop.

Area like khandesh (North Maharashtra) where availability of water in some portion is high, somewhere

very low. In khandesh there is nature, soil, availability of water changes place to place.

This paper focuses on necessary irrigation techniques for particular portion which may more beneficial

according to site condition. In simple words in this paper suitable irrigation system according to various

parameters is studied.

Khandesh is a north Maharashtra region of India, Which includes three districts Jalgaon, Dhule and

Nandurbar and some portion of Nashik also.

It’s having 10041Sq.miles area. According to 2011 census, approximate 11438874 is population of

Khandesh having 318 densities. In North Maharashtra there are 25 tahsils and 3500 villages. The main

occupation of Khandesh is farming. Khandesh is boundary of Maharashtra State, Gujrat and Madhya Pradesh

are neighboring states of Khandesh. Khandesh lies on the northwestern corner the deccan plateau, in the

valley of Tapi river, and is bound to the north by Satpuda range.

The main natural feature is the Tapi river. The Tapi flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya

Pradesh to empty into the Arabian Sea. The Tapi receives water from thirteen principal tributaries in its

course through north Maharashtra. Tapi is only one river which is navigable and the Tapi flows in a deep fall

bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh situated south of the Tapi,

and is recharged by its tributaries the Girna, Bori and Panjhra. The alluvial plain north of the Tapi contains

some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills.

2. IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Types of Irrigation Systems Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in

growing of crops. Some types of irrigation systems include:

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 633 [email protected]

• Surface Irrigation

• Sprinkler Irrigation

• Drip Irrigation

• Centre Pivot Irrigation

• Manual Irrigation - using buckets or watering cans

• Pitcher Irrigation

2.1. Surface Irrigation

In this irrigation system, water moves over and across the whole land by virtue of simple gravity flow in

order to wet and infiltrate the soil. Surface irrigation can be divided into furrow, border strip or basin

irrigation. It is often called flood irrigation when it results in flooding or near flood of the cultivated land.

2.2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation is another popular method, which pipes a set amount of water to the fields, and then

sprays this directly over the crops with high pressure sprinklers. The amount of water can be closely

controlled, which is a huge benefit.

2.3. Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, functions as its name suggests. Water is delivered at or near

the root zone of plants, drop by drop. This method can be the most water-efficient method of irrigation, if

managed properly, since evaporation and runoff are minimized. In modern agriculture, drip irrigation is often

combined with plastic mulch, further reducing evaporation, and is also a means of delivery of fertilizer. The

process is known as fertigation.

2.4. Centre-Pivot Irrigation

Centre-pivot irrigation involves a self-propelled system in which a single pipeline supported by a row of

mobile towers is suspended 2 to 4 meters above ground. Water is pumped into the central pipe and as the

towers rotate slowly around the pivot point, a large circular area is irrigated. Sprinkler nozzles mounted on

or suspended from the pipeline distribute water under pressure as the pipeline rotates. The nozzles are

graduated small to large so that the faster moving outer circle receives the same amount of water as the slower

moving ones on the inside.

2.5. Pitcher Irrigation

Pitcher Irrigation is an inexpensive small-scale irrigation method practiced in arid to semi-arid regions around

the world. The system consists of burying unglazed clay pots in the soil up to their neck. When the pot is

filled with water, the natural pores in the pot's walls allow water to spread laterally in the soil, creating the

moist conditions necessary for plant growth. Pitchers are filled as needed, maintaining a continuous supply

of water directly to the plant root zone. Pitcher irrigation is used for small-scale irrigation where:

• Water is either scarce or expensive.

• Fields are difficult to level such as under uneven terrain.

• Water is saline and cannot be normally used in surface methods of irrigation.

• In remote areas where vegetables are expensive and hard to come by.

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Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 634 [email protected]

Following Table Suggest Methods Should Be Adopted According To Area

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

1 Taloda

25581.36 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

2 Pimpalner

1220.78 acres Surface Irrigation

3 Shahada

409235.57 acres Surface Irrigation

4 Shirpur 1

12458.48 acres Surface Irrigation

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 635 [email protected]

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

5 Shirpur 2

36515.94 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

6 Sakri

49921.92 acres

Pitcher irrigation with the

combination of

drip irrigation

7 Shindkheda

41521.00 acres Drip Irrigation

8 Dhule 1

2998677.65 acres Pitcher Irrigation

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Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 636 [email protected]

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

9 Dhule 2

836470.42 acres Centre pivot Irrigation

10 Chopda

86879.37 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

11 Yawal

78434.97 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 637 [email protected]

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

12 Raver

134358.51 acres Surface Irrigation

13 Amalner

143885.83 acres Drip Irrigation

14 Parola 1

10238.89 acres Sprinkle irrigation

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Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 638 [email protected]

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

15 Parola 2

14308.81 acres Drip Irrigation

16 Pachora -Mhaiji

20843.66 acres Surface Irrigation

17 Pachora- Verkhedi

143508.54 acre Sprinkle Irrigation

18 Jalgaon 1

204971.75 acres Drip Irrigation

19 Jalgaon 2

139341.20 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 639 [email protected]

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

20 Chalisgaon 1

79186.73 acres Drip Irrigation

21 Chalisgaon 2

76119.79 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

22 Jamner

60280.63 acres Surface Irrigation

23 Akkalkuva

23548.56 acres Sprinkle Irrigation

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Prof. V. N. Borse, Prof. H. B. Patil, Prof. S.R. Kolhe and Prof. R. V. Karamchandani

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 640 [email protected]

Sr.No Location Map Approximate Area Method of Irrigation Should

Be Adopted

24 Nandurbar 1

155695.58 acre Pitcher with combination

of drip irrigation

25 Nandurbar 2

140238.78 acres Drip Irrigation

26 Bhusawal

69776.20 acres Drip Irrigation

4. CONCLUSION

In this paper study of site condition which includes availability of water, type of soil, Nature of land, climatic

conditions is studied. According to these studies many things in the field of irrigation practiced wrongly.

Such as somewhere availability of water is much more but farmer irrigates field by using drip irrigation

system instead of sprinkle irrigation system.

In some areas, it’s shocking that farmer totally ignorance about any modern irrigation system, they

practiced tradition methods till date.

First time pitcher irrigation system is introduced or suggests for some areas in khandesh where sloping

grounds are takes place or very less availability of water.

Areas like Sakri, Nandurbar where slopes and hills covered much more area, at that place combination

of drip and pitcher irrigation can make revolution in field of agriculture.

“No farmer no food no future” is very famous phrase in local area, development of farmer is directly

proportional to development of nation.

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Implementation of An Ideal Irrigation System To Cover Deficit of Crop Water Need For Khandesh Region

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 641 [email protected]

REFERENCES

[1] Sources of Irrigation by Zardar Waseem on Mar 15, 2012

[2] Types of Irrigation System by National Irrigation Commission Limited

[3] Irrigation Engineering Hydraulics Structure by S.K.Garge on Jan 2006

[4] Traditional Water Harvesting Systems: An Ecological Economics Survey by B.C Barah on 1996.

[5] Maharam Dakua, Asef Mohammad Redwan, Begum Nazia Jahan, Syed Mohammed Tareq, Saifuddin

Ahmed and Nowroz Farhan Noor, A Case Study On Management of Rainwater Reservoir In Hilly Areas

of Bangladesh. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp.193 – 201.

[6] H S Shah and J P Ruparelia, Applicability of Global Water Quality Trading Programs: An Indian Scenario.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp 37–44.

[7] Dr. R.N. Uma, S. Karthiyayini and U. Sindhu Vaardini, Assessment of Fluoride Concentration in

Groundwater in West Zone of Coimbatore Corporation. International Journal of Civil Engineering and

Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp.444–448.