Implementation of Alternative Energy in Kelly Hall
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Transcript of Implementation of Alternative Energy in Kelly Hall
Implementation of Alternative Energy in Kelly Hall
Team 007-4:Scott GardnerJessica GeorgeCharles GibsonRobert Pisch Technical Advisor:
Yossef Elabd
Solar Energy Technology
Overview
Background Information
Criteria / Constraints
Alternatives
Final Design
Mission
We plan to help Drexel University begin the transition to becoming a more
environmentally-friendly campus by implementing alternative energy sources on
Kelly Hall.
The Global Energy Crisis World fossil fuel production is predicted to
peak within the next 20 years1
Energy production will then fall quickly1
http://www.geocities.com/davidmdelaney/oil-depletion/oil-depletion.html1 http://arts.bev.net/roperldavid/minerals/crudeoil.htm2
The Global Energy Crisis
Demand for energy will continue to increase,exceeding that which is available3
Developing countries growing energy needs Industrialized nations will maintain a steady
increase in energy needs
http://www.willisms.com/archives/asianoildemand.gif3
The Global Energy Crisis
Nations are highly interdependent to meet energy needsThis will lead to political unrest if supplies are
not sufficient Current energy sources also produce large
amounts of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
Air Pollution Emissions from the burning of fossil fuels
are damaging to both humans and the environment
Global Warming and Greenhouse Gas Emissions A recent report commissioned by the
United Nations revealed an alarming rate of global warming
Effects of further
temperature increase
may be disastrous
Here at Drexel
Current Energy Situation Usage Factors Limitations
drexel.edu
Introduction to Drexel’s Energy Usage
Drexel University powers its campus exclusively by PECO and Community Energy, Inc.
About 90% of this energy comes from power plants which produce harmful Emissions1
The university attains about 10% of there total energy from windmills1
http://www.newwindenergy.com/windfarm_bearcreek/index.html
1 http://www.drexel.edu/univrel/dateline/default_nik.pl?of=1&p=releaseview&f=20020729-01
Kelly Residence Hall Costs about $100,000 per year to provide power to
Kelly Hall1 This results in 15,798,527 pounds of carbon dioxide
emissions2 Environmental cost is much higher than financial cost Various cleaner alternatives may be considered
Bio-fuelsHydrogen Fuel CellsSolar PanelsWind
http://www.drexel.edu/rlo/Halls/Kelly/
1William Taylor 2 http://www.exeloncorp.com/peco/customer_marketing_services/marketing/calculator.asp
Criteria
Produces the least greenhouse gas emissions
Optimal efficiency
Low cost of installation and maintenance
Constraints
MaterialsCostSafetyAvailability
Building codes Aesthetic appeal
Potential Solutions
Various Sources of cleaner energy: Fuel cells Biomass as fuels Wind Solar panels
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Storage, and transportation Energy for electrolysis must come from
different sourcesFossil Fuels
Buying hydrogen
http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/dev_solutions.pdf
Fuel Cells Cost
Hydrogen-$2.00-3.00/gasoline gallon equivalent (delivered, untaxed, 2005, by 2015)1
Storage- Multi-million dollar purchase Single tanks can be constructed to hold as much as
900,000 kg (2,000,000 lb) of hydrogen Piping systems are usually several miles long, and in
some cases may be hundreds of miles long. Synthetic Natural Gas Plant
Philadelphia, PA2
1.http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/news_cost_goal.html
2. http://www.totalenergy.com/SNGPlant/SNGPlant.htm#Section%20200
Bio-Fuels
Gas emissions Cost of acquisition Maintenance Transportation Continuously
getting waste
http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/reports/fuelwood/fig3_1.gif
Wind
Continuously buying energy Stable 20-year prices Additional 2.54 cents per
kilowatt-hour from PECO1
90,000 kWh per month in winter to115,000 kWh per month in summer * 2.54 cents per kilowatt-hour= average of $32,000 more per year
1. http://www.newwindenergy.com/buywind/home/mid_atlantic/step3_midatlantic_other.html
A
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ilands/fig13.html
Solar Panels
Widely available and used Completely clean during usage
Emissions involved in production Federal subsidies and incentives Sufficient amounts of energy can be
harnessed
Method of Solution
Analysis of 3 types of solar energy systems:1. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) 2. Concentrator Systems 3. High-Efficiency Multi-junction Devices
Cost Efficiency Use of space Aesthetics
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)Serve a dual purpose of producing electricity and acting as construction material.
Pros:Replace old construction materialsWide variety of aesthetic choices
Cons:Primarily used in new constructionsRelatively low efficiencies
http://www.powernaturally.org/wms/images_gallery/20Rt-Facade-01160301_th.jpg
http://www.habitat2.net/wp-content/SolarCentury.jpg
Solar Roof Tiles Amorphous Silicon Solar Glass
Solar Concentrator Systems
These systems cover a standard photovoltaic panel with concentrating optics
Sunlight intensity is increased on solar panels or other collectors.
Pros:Reduces amount of PV neededReduces amount of space for systemAmplifies power of the sun
Cons:Depend solely on direct lightComplex constructionCan be aesthetically unappealingHigh maintenance
Types of Solar Concentrators
Parabolic Trough System Parabolic Dish System Power Tower System
Images courtesy of: http://www.solarpaces.org/csp_technology.htm
Concentrating solar power systems can be sized to suit various applications.
Multi-junction Solar Cells Multiple layers of solar cells with different
light absorption propertiesTop layers absorb shorter wavelengthsLower levels absorb longer wavelengths
Chart courtesy of: http://photochemistry.epfl.ch/EDEY/NREL.pdf
Pros:Most efficient solar cells to dateLow maintenance and reliableProjected future efficiencies on the rise
Cons:Still largely in research and developmentUses inorganic compounds
Basic Cross-Section of a PV Solar Cell
Grid-Tied Solar Energy Systems
PV system becomes a “micro generator”Offsets energy usage
ORFed back into electrical grid and sold back to
power company
Final Solution
Multi-junction cells were chosen for this application because: Installable on existing structures and maintains
aesthetic appealHighest average solar cell efficiencies to dateLow energy payback timeGrid-tied
Recommendations for the Future
Here at Drexel The Solar Panels Other clean alternative energies
Buildings
Estimated roof space 1.One Drexel Plaza 70000+ 2.DAC1 38000 3.North Hall1 28000 4.Hess Research Eng. Labs1 25000
1 http://www.drexel.edu/depts/pdc/pages/statsmap.asp
http://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en&channel=s&tab=wl&q=
* Kelly Hall 1 One Drexel Plasa 2 DAC 3 North 4 Hess
Solar Panels
Currently solar panels are ##% efficient
20-30 years ago solar panels were ##% efficient
In 20-30 years we can expect solar panels to be about ##% efficient
Using Wind Power with Solar Panels
Wind and Solar energies are frequently opposite1
Wind energy is just as clean
1 http://howto.altenergystore.com/Buyers-Guides/Quick-Start-Wind-Power-Turbines/a38/
Thank You
Any questions?
Comments?