ImperialismImperialism

• The extension of a nation’s control and The extension of a nation’s control and influence over political or economic life of influence over political or economic life of other nations. other nations.

1. Military/Strategic 1. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

1. Military/Strategic 1. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

Wanted to compete with other Nations

Alfred T. Mahan Urged government officials to build up American naval

power

Wanted to compete with other Nations

Alfred T. Mahan Urged government officials to build up American naval

power

2. Economic Reasons2. Economic Reasons

Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

2. Economic Reasons2. Economic Reasons

Commercial/Business Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914

Technology enable farms and factories to produce more than they needed

Needed raw materials for factories, & new markets for goods

Foreign trade solution to overproduction

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914

Technology enable farms and factories to produce more than they needed

Needed raw materials for factories, & new markets for goods

Foreign trade solution to overproduction

3.3. Ideology: Belief in Ideology: Belief in cultural superiority –cultural superiority –

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

3.3. Ideology: Belief in Ideology: Belief in cultural superiority –cultural superiority –

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

The White Man’sBurden

The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy

of RaceThe Hierarchy

of Race

Religious/Missionary Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

Religious/Missionary Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

Closing the American FrontierClosing the American FrontierClosing the American FrontierClosing the American Frontier

United State’s Purchase United State’s Purchase AlaskaAlaska

United State’s Purchase United State’s Purchase AlaskaAlaska

In 1867 US Secretary of State William Seward made an

arrangment with Russia to buy Alaska for $7.2 million

In 1867 US Secretary of State William Seward made an

arrangment with Russia to buy Alaska for $7.2 million

““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

““Seward’s Folly” Seward’s Folly” (mistake)(mistake)

““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

““Seward’s Folly” Seward’s Folly” (mistake)(mistake)

• Alaska is rich in natural resources: Alaska is rich in natural resources: Timber, minerals, OIL Timber, minerals, OIL

• 1959 Alaska becomes a state1959 Alaska becomes a state

Significance of HawaiiSignificance of Hawaii• Merchants need to stop there on the way Merchants need to stop there on the way

to China & East Indiato China & East India

• So the United States send missionaries So the United States send missionaries there and set up Christian schools there and set up Christian schools

• The missionaries started sugar plantationsThe missionaries started sugar plantations

• By the 1850’s American businessmen By the 1850’s American businessmen control ¾ of the wealth of Hawaiicontrol ¾ of the wealth of Hawaii

U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians

The United States thought it was culturally superior to the Hawaiins

The United States thought it was culturally superior to the Hawaiins

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

1875 – 1875 – Reciprocity Reciprocity Treaty – No tariffs on Treaty – No tariffs on imports/exports from imports/exports from Hawaii to USHawaii to US

1890 – 1890 – McKinley Tariff – McKinley Tariff – Hawaii has to pay tariffs Hawaii has to pay tariffs like everyone else; like everyone else; Planters face Planters face competitioncompetition

American businessmen American businessmen want US to annex want US to annex HawaiiHawaii

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

1893 – Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani.

Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic

of Hawaii in 1894.

President Grover Cleveland President Grover Cleveland opposes new government, opposes new government, unless Hawaiians have the right unless Hawaiians have the right to vote to become part of USto vote to become part of US

However, when President However, when President McKinley takes over the US McKinley takes over the US makes Hawaii a territory without makes Hawaii a territory without allowing the Hawaiians to vote.allowing the Hawaiians to vote.

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898