Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Chapter 11, Section 5

Setting the Stage

Countries rushed to invade Southeast Asia, part of the Pacific Rim

Western nations desired this land because:Location along sea route to China

Resources (tropical agriculture, minerals and oil)

European Powers Invadethe Pacific Rim (pg. 363, Map)

Early 1800s – Dutch East India Company established control over 3,000 miles long

British established major trading port at Singapore

French took over Indochina

Germans claimed Marshall Islands, parts of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

Why were these lands so attractive?

Dutch Expand Control

1602 – Dutch East India Trading Company was chartered

Seized Malacca from Portuguese

Took control of Java from British and Javanese

Gradually took control of Sumatra, part of Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas and Bali

Dutch Expand Control(continued)

Large Dutch population move to Southeast Asia to manage plantations

Created a rigid social system:DutchWealthy and Educated IndonesiansPlantation Workers

Dutch farmers were forced to plant 1/5th of their land in specified export crops

How were the Dutch East India Trading Company

and the British East India Trading Company similar?

British Take the Malayan Peninsula

British take Malayan Peninsula to compete with Dutch in trading

Opening of Suez Canal (1869) and increased demand for tin and rubber made Singapore one world’s busiest ports

British gained colonies in Malaysia and Burma

British Take the Malayan Peninsula(continued)

Malaysia had large deposits of tin and became leading exporter of rubber

Britain encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia because they needed workers in tin mines and to tap rubber trees

Malays became minority population

French Control Indochina(pg. 363, Map)

French active in Southeast Asia since 17th century

1840s – 7 French missionaries are killedChurch leaders demand military intervention

Napoleon III invaded VietnamLater added Laos, Cambodia, and Northern Vietnam (French Indochina)

French Control Indochina(continued)

Used direct colonial management:

French filled important government positions

Did not encourage local industry

Rice production increased but consumption decreased

Colonial Impact

POSITIVES

Economies grew based on cash crops

Roads, harbors and railways improved communication & transportation (mostly benefited Europeans)

NEGATIVES

Education, health and sanitation did not improve

Melting pot of cultures leading to racial and religious clashes.

Pg. 363, MapAnswer Questions 1 & 2

Siam Remains Independentpg. 363-364

How did Siam’s geographic location influence its political decisions?

What values motivated King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn?

How did the reforms of the Siamese kings help Siam remain independent?

U. S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands

2 groups of Americans in support of imperialism

U.S. empire builders - destined to be a world power

Business interests – new markets and trade possibilities

The Philippines Change Handspg. 364

Did President McKinley support or oppose imperialism? How do you know?

What does the United States promise the Philippine people?

Who is Emilio Aguinaldo? What did he claim?

What were the positive and negative effects of U.S. colonization of the Philippines?

Hawaii Becomes a Republic

U.S. interest in Hawaii began around 1790sHawaii was on the route to China and East India

1820s – Highly successful American sugar cane plantations

75% of Hawaii’s wealth came from American sugar cane plantations

American sugar cane planters gained political power

Hawaii Becomes a Republic(continued)

1890 – McKinley Tariff ActEliminated tariffs on all sugar entering the U.S.

Sugar from Hawaii was no longer cheaper

U.S. business leaders pushed for annexation of Hawaii

Sugar could be sold for a greater profit

American producers received an extra 2 cents per pound from U. S. Government

Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii’s only queen and last monarch

1893 – called for a constitution that would restore Hawaiian political power

American businessmen overthrew Hawaiian government and removed her from power

Sanford B. Dole

Wealthy plantation owner and politician

1894 – names president of Republic of Hawaii

1898 – Republic of Hawaii annexed by U.S.

Conclusion

Period of imperialism was a time of great power and domination by others

End of 19th Century - all the lands of the world were claimed

20th Century – battles for competing claims would become the focus