Imperialism in India. I. British East India Company took over India.
Imperialism in India
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Imperialism in India
Yoona Cha, HiJo Byeun, Jinna Park
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Resources
Opium
Pepper
Cinnamon
Indigo
Cotton
Textile
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Mughal Empire
1526 – late 17th century/ early 18th century
Developed highly sophisticated mixed Indo-Persian culture
became weak towards the end
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British East India Company
joint-stock company formed by the British
used a tacit called “divide and conquer” to conquer India
Objective: make earnings for people through exploitation of natural resources founded in India
Set up trading posts in India
Developed almost complete political & economic control
Monopolized Indian trade
Expanded control in India through wars and commercial activity
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Sepoy (Indian) Mutiny
1857-1859
Sepoy: a soldier native to India who is allied to a European power (esp. UK)
rebel against British East India Company for coercion of Christianity and other European customs
Also known as India’s First War of Independence
Resulted in direct British control
Ended with peace treaty (July 1858)
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Battle of Plassey
1757
Victor: British East India Company
Determined company rule in India (established in South Asia over next 90 years)
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Queen Victoria
1877 became empress of India
Gave existing Indian royalties extended powers as long as they stayed faithful to the queen
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Thuggees
A term for people who robbed and murdered travelers on the road
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Jawaharlal Nehru
1st Prime Minister or India
Leader of left-winged Indian National Congress
Advocated complete independence from the British Empire
Recognized as Gandhi's “political heir”
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Mohammed Ali Jinnah 1876-1948
Founder of Pakistan + First Governor-General
leader of Muslim League
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Salt March 1930
A campaign proposed by Gandhi
Gandhi sent a letter to Lord Lieutenant, but he did not even reply
Did not want to pay taxes placed on salt, thus walked a 200-mile journey from Ashram Ahmedabad to the Arabian to pick up a few grains of salt
Gandhi hoped to spread the action to the rest of India
"Ashram in Exodus”: prayer, spinning and keeping a diary
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Muslim League
Incepted in Dhaka 1906
Muslims represented 40 % of the Indian population
Majority of Muslim leaders did not trust Hindu, thus were reluctant to join the Congress Party (Indian National Congress 1885)
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Amritsar Massacre
April 13, 1919
Also known as Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
British Indian Army under control of Reginald Dyer shot civilians of men, women and children
Around 1526 casualties
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Indian Nationalism
Movement created by Indians to regain control of their country
Became dissatisfied with restricted grants by the British
Lacked equal job opportunities
Could not obtain jobs of high positions in government
More Indians received ‘quality’ education, thus developing dignity in the Indian heritage
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Indian Independence
Movement “various national and regional
campaigns, agitations and efforts of both nonviolent and militant philosophy and involved a wide spectrum of political organizations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending the British Colonial Authority as well as other colonial administration in South Asia.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiIndian_independence_movement
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First Meeting of Indian National
Congress Incepted in 1885 by middle class Indians
Goals: democracy, equality, self-rule
Subdivision of Bengal influenced more radical actions
Ex) Swadeshi movement: the purchase and use of Indian made products and resources and boycott of foreign products
Forerunner of Gandhi, and India’s independence
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
1869-1948
Political & spiritual leader of India during British Imperialism
Promoted passive boycotts (non-violence)
Ex) Spinning wheel
1921, Gained leadership of Indian National Congress
Achieved Swaraj
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Swaraj
“self-governance”
Gandhi’s concept of India’s independence from foreign domination
"It may be taunted with the retort that this is all Utopian and, therefore not worth a single thought... Let India live for the true picture, though never realizable in its completeness. We must have a proper picture of what we want before we can have something approaching it.”
Parel, Anthony. Hind Swaraj and other writings of M. K. Gandhi. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 1997, pp 189.
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Consequences
Good:
medical + technology development
Extended education (establishment of universities + schools)
Terminate problems in Indian culture Ex) burning alive, child brides, caste system
<social ranks>, etc.
Infrastructure Ex) construction of roads, railroads,
telegraph cables, and canals <Industrialization and modern science >
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Consequences II
Bad:
Prejudice
Coercion of labor
Influence of European customs on religious practices
Hindrance of economic progress, thus still one of the most substandard countries in the world
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Bibliography
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_plassey.html
http://murshidabad.gov.in/plassey.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://thenagain.info/webchron/India/IndiaNational.html
http://www.mapsofindia.com/amritsar/massacre.html