Imperialism
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Unit 14 Imperialism
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Imperialism. Unit 14. Terms. Nationalism – the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – to the people wit whom they share a culture and history – rather than to a king or empire - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Imperialism
Unit 14
Imperialism
Nationalism – the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – to the people wit whom they share a culture and history – rather than to a king or empire
Imperialism – a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate their countries politically, economically, or socially
Terms
Sphere of Influence – a foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities
Annexation – the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit
Assimilation – a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs
Terms
New markets and raw materialsEuropeans believed they were better than other
peoplesRacism – the idea that one race is superior to
othersSocial Darwinism
Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest”
Christianization
Motives Driving Imperialism
Advancement in WeaponsAdvancements in TravelAdvancements in Medicine
Forces Enabling Imperialism
People were divided into hundreds of different groups
Powerful African armies kept Europeans from control
Trade networks kept Europeans from controlling sources of trade
Travel was difficult if not impossible
Africa Pre-Imperialism
Who? 14 European nations
What? Met to lay down rules for the division of Africa
When? 1884-1885
Where? Africa
Why? To maintain peace between European nations
Berlin Conference, 1884-85
Who? Boers (Dutch for “farmers”)
What? Took over native Africans’ land and established large
farmsWhen?
1899Where?
Cape of Good Hope Why?
Boers tried to keep outsiders from gaining political rights
The Boer War
ColonyA country or a region governed internally by a
foreign powerSomaliland in East Africa was a French colony
Patterns of Change: Imperialism
ProtectorateA country or territory with its own internal
government but under the control of an outside power
Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta
Patterns of Change: Imperialism
Sphere of InfluenceAn area in which an outside power claims
exclusive investment or trading privilegesLiberia was under the sphere of influence of
the United States
Patterns of Change: Imperialism
Economic ImperialismIndependent but less developed nations
controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments
The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii
Patterns of Change: Imperialism
Which two forms are guided by interests in business or trade?
What is the difference between a protectorate and a colony?
Question…
Indirect ControlLocal government officials were usedLimited self-ruleGoal: to develop future leadersGovernment institutions are based on
European styles but may have local rulersExamples
British colonies such as Nigeria, India, BurmaUS colonies on Pacific Islands
Management Methods
Direct ControlForeign officials brought in to ruleNo self-ruleGoal: assimilationGovernment institutions are based only on
European stylesExamples
French colonies such as Somaliland, VietnamGerman colonies such as TanganyikaPortuguese colonies such as Angola
Management Methods
In which management method are the people less empowered to rule themselves?
In what ways are the two management methods different?
Question…
The battle for power was never equal due to the European’s superior arms
Some tribes allied themselves with the Europeans to defeat rivals
Algeria resisted French rule for almost 50 yearsAfricans forced to grow European cash crops
neglected their food supplies and famine broke out
African Resistance
PositiveReduced local warfareBrought hospitals and schools
Effects of Colonial Rule
NegativeAfricans lost control of lands and
independenceIntroduction of new diseases FaminesBreakdown of traditional culture
Effects of Colonial Rule
Ottoman EmpirePersiaSingaporeMalaysiaBurmaMalaysia
VietnamLaosCambodiaPhilippinesPuerto RicoGuam
Other Countries Effected…
Connected the Red sea to the Mediterranean Built with French money and Egyptian laborOpened in 1869Egypt could not pay for the operation of the
canalBritish stepped in to oversee financial control1882, Britain occupied Egypt
Suez Canal, Egypt
The US Navy could move more rapidly from the
Atlantic to the Pacific
Panama Canal
East India Company DominatesRuled India with little interference from the
British governmentEstablished army – led by British officers and
staffed by sepoys – Indian soldiers
India
Britain set up restrictions preventing the Indian economy from operating on its ownIndia would produce raw materialsIndia would purchase British manufactured
goods
India
PositiveWorld’s third largest railroadModernizationSchools and colleges – improved literacyBritish troops ended local warfare
Impact of Colonialism – India
NegativeBritish held political and economic powerBritish restricted Indian-owned industriesFocus on cash crops caused famines
Impact of Colonialism – India
Who? Sepoys – Indian soldiers
What? Rumor spread the Enfield rifle cartridges were sealed with beef
and pork fatWhen?
May 10, 1857Where?
IndiaWhy?
Soldiers who refused cartridges were jailed; Sepoys rebelled; Took more than a year for East India Company to regain control
Sepoy Mutiny
Indians resented a system that made them second-class citizens in their own country
By the early 1900s, they were calling for self-government
Indian Nationalist Movement
Sugar-cane plantations – American owned1890 McKinley Tariff Act passed – eliminated tax
on sugarHawaii’s sugar no longer cheapest
Business leaders pushed for annexationQueen Liluokalani was removed from powerUS annexed Hawaii
Hawaii
Who? British and Chinese
What? Trading of Opium (narcotic)
When? 1835
Where? China
Why? Chinese lost to British navy; Opened Chinese trading ports
Opium War, 1839
Peasants and workers resented privileges granted to foreigners
Resented Chinese Christians protected by foreign missionaries
Known as Society of Harmonious Fists – BoxersSurrounded the European sectionMultinational force of 20,000 troops marched toward
BeijingBritain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan,
and the United StatesChina defeated
The Boxer Rebellion – China
