Imperialism
description
Transcript of Imperialism
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Imperialismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&safe=activeWatch a quick intro video to get your brain moving!!
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EQ: How did the industrialization of European
countries affect the relationship with their colonies throughout the new world?
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Effects of the Industrial Revolution Sped up economic development in Europe and
the US Established a way that industrial nations viewed
their colonies They began to see colonies as:1. Markets for goods2. Sources for raw materials Movement from mercantilism to imperialism =
deeper control Challenge: See if you can answer how the control
was stronger as we move forward…
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Where did Imperialism Happen?Colonized Continents
targeted: Africa Asia Latin America
Imperialist Countries: United States European countries
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What do these political cartoons say about England and the United States?
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Goals of Imperialism Get raw materials: ivory, copper Start a market for goods Stamp out slave trade Bring Christianity to the continent
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Reasons for ImperialismEconomic Industrial Revolution created a need for raw
materials (regions affected by Imperialism had a lot)
New markets available in these regions to sell goods that were being produced
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Reasons for Imperialism Nationalism – pride in country Setting up colonies showed power and
brought wealth
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Reasons for Imperialism Humanitarianism – helping others thought native people should be more like
Europeans provided medicine and education Often did more harm than good…
But how??? They were just trying to help!!
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Social Darwinism Belief that Western
civilization (Europeans and the US) was far superior (better) to all other civilizations
“The White Man’s Burden” – converting and educating native people was white people’s responsibility
White man carrying an African native to a school house.
Listen and read along with “The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kiplinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cS__4F8QSNU&safe=active
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EUROPEANS IN AFRICA
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Moving Inward Explorers were first – mapped rivers,
mountains, and plains Missionaries followed – converting natives
and helping to abolish slavery Military moved in when Africans resisted
(which they often did)
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EQ: How did European beliefs and actions at
the Berlin Conference both unite and divide African societies?
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Conflict – The Berlin Conference 1880s – nations were fighting over
territory 1884 – Otto von Bismarck called a
conference in Berlin to partition – divide up Africa by formal treaty
14 European nations and the US were invited, not a single African nation or person was invited to this garden party!!
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Ber
lin
Con
fere
nce
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The Scramble for Africa (1880-1900) was a period of rapid
colonization of the African continent by European powers
1850 = small colonies
along the coast 1914 = only Ethiopia
and Liberia remained
independent
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A Seed of Nationalism is Planted in Africa Over time, numerous tribes united against a
common enemy: European Powers
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EQ: How did European imperialism impact the
economies of the African colonies?
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Economic Impact: Shift from subsistence farming (growing your
crops and then eating them with your family, this is your only job and you make no income) to cash crops (growing crops and then selling them for income)
Creation of plantations and mines Exploitation of raw materials and resources European control of markets – economic control
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EQ: How did European political control impact
the African colonies?
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Political Impact: Colonial governments replaced traditional
structures:
1. Tribal leaders lost power
2. Tribes were split up – weakened unity
3. Competition for/resistance of control lead to warfare
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Zulu Resistance South African tribe that placed an emphasis
on military organization and skill leader - Shaka Zulu Zulu came into the conflict with the British
army Zulu were eventually defeated by the
technology and vast resources of the British army
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More Resistance - Boer War Boers - descendents of the original Dutch settlers master plan of Britain = establish a Cape to Cairo
railroad line to link British colonial interests in Africa
The Boers provided heavy and eventually armed resistance to this proposal
Boer War (1899-1902) fighting was vicious, Britain victorious
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EQ: How did European imperialism impact
culture in African colonies?
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Cultural Impact: Christianity was introduced Languages changed Education Healthcare Family structure Racism – separation between “us” and “them” Beginnings of Nationalism
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EUROPEANS IN SOUTH ASIA
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EQ: How did the Sepoy Rebellion affect Great
Britain’s relationship with India?
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East India Company (EICo) Europeans colonies first
competed for colonies in India
1600s – British EICo began trading in India and elsewhere in Asia
By the 1850s, more than 60 percent of India was under control of the EICo
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East India Company (EICo) Made life in India better by:
1. Setting up schools
2. Improving and building railroads
3. Kept peace between rival local leaders
** While doing all of this they made sure to make plenty of $$ from Indian resources and labor
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East India Company (EICo) The company had its own army and forts to
protect its property and British citizens Hired Indian soldiers called sepoys 1857 – company gave sepoys new rifles –
to load them, soldiers had to bite off the end of the powder cartridge with their teeth
So what’s wrong with that???
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Sepoy Rebellion The cartridges were greased with fat from cows
(sacred to Hindus) or pigs (Muslims are forbidden to eat)
The sepoys refused to put the cartridges in their mouths and were sent home without pay – they rebelled against this unfair treatment and slaughtered British men, women, and children
More violence – the British responded by burning villages and slaughtering Indians
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The British lion seeks vengeance on the Bengal Tiger – depicting the British counter attack after the Sepoy rebellion
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Effect of the Sepoy Rebellion British parliament ended the EICo’s control
of India 1858 – India was ruled by Parliament
Quick video!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV0fYMIvtyU&safe=active
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EQ: How did Great Britain’s control of India
change the political structure?
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Political Impact Colonial governors Viceroys Some areas remained under control of local
rajas Lower level government officials and
workers were native Indians
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EQ: How did imperialism impact the economy of
India?
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Economic Impact Cash crops – cotton, indigo, tea, opium British control the textile and salt markets Destroys Indian textile producers Starvation Industrialization moves backwards
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EQ:
How did Great Britain’s presence in India influence the country’s culture?
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Cultural Impact Language Education – “Brown Englishmen”It was in the mid 19th century that the idea of creating "Brown Englishmen" emerged.
Thomas Macaulay (Minister of Education in India and creator of the British/Indian law system) and others (the Anglicists) set up a system of education and rewards to create a class of Indians "...who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern, a class of persons Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinions, words and intellect." -- Thomas Macaulay 1837
Disrupted traditional culture actually increased Indian national identity
Racism
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EUROPEANS IN CHINA
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EQ: How did Great Britain’s need for resources
cause the Opium War?
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What’s happening in China you ask? Background: Early 1880s, Brits were importing
opium from India to China Chinese government said “hey! STOP!” (opium is
a very addictive drug) When the British did not stop, China tried to stop
the trade… this led to first Opium War,1840 Britain won… again and the opium trade
continued
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EQ: What were the effects of China’s loss in the
Opium war?
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Effects of the Opium War Open door policy all countries have
equal trading rights in the area
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Effects of the Opium War Caused foreign
pressure/ message of weakness
Spheres of influence – area where only the foreign power had the right to trade with a country
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Spheres of Influence Foreign countries controlled areas of China
– lived and traded under their own laws, not China’s
While this led to the creation of markets, it also led to the exploitation of resources.
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The Boxer Rebellion 1900 - Rebellion in China against
imperialism and the open door policy there Chinese “boxers” (guys who were kind of
awesome at martial arts) formed a secret society to rebel against the foreigners in their country
Two month siege – eventually were defeated
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Chinese Boxer Rebellion Cartoon
Do you think an American or Chinese newspaper published this cartoon?
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EUROPEANS IN LATIN AMERICA
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EQ: What were the impacts of European
colonization of Latin America?
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Effects of Colonization Gap between rich and poor – why might that be? Think
about the social class pyramid… Spanish-American War Increased American involvement Economic Impacts – trade-based imperialism created
uneven trade relationships where Western nations benefitted far more than Latin American countries
Restrictions on trade Created debts that kept Latin American countries from
growing economically
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EQ: How were the impacts of imperialism in
Africa, South Asia, and Latin America similar and different?