Imperial China Collapses Chapter 14 Section 3. Early 1900’s Ready for Revolution Years of...
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Transcript of Imperial China Collapses Chapter 14 Section 3. Early 1900’s Ready for Revolution Years of...
Imperial ChinaCollapses
Chapter 14Section 3
Early 1900’s•Ready for Revolution•Years of humiliation from
outsiders•Foreign countries control its
trade and economic resources•Desire to build army and navy,
build factories, reform education
Qing Dynasty Falls•Kuomintang: Nationalist Party
–Pushed for Modernization/Nationalism
•Sun Yixian(yishan): First leader of the Kuomintang
•Qing Dyanasty ruled China since 1644
•1911, last emperor is overthrown
Sun Yixian
New republic•“Three Principles of the People”–Nationalism: end to foreign control
–Peoples Rights: democracy–Peoples Livelihood: economic security for all Chinese
Shaky Start•Sun Yixian unfit as a
national leader•Civil war breaks out in China
WWI Problems• China joins world war I on the side of the
Allies with HIGH HOPES
• The Treaty of Versailles will turn German territory over to Japan!
• The May 4th Movement………
• (Remember Lenin……., communism??)
WWI Problems•May 4, 1919, over 3000 angry
students gather in Beijing•“May Fourth Movement”•Not an official revolution,
showed Chinese dedication towards modernization and nationalism
Communism•People turn away from Sun Yixian’s beliefs
•Begin favoring Vladamir Lenin’s political beliefs
•Influenced heavily by Soviet communism
Communism•1921, A group meets in
Shanghai to create the Chinese Communist Party
•Mao Zedong, at the time a librarian, was a founder of the party and became China’s greatest revolutionary leader
Mao Zedong
Communism•Lenin helps China’s Nationalist
government•Sun Yixian dies in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek takes over Kuomintang
•Kai-shek fears the Communist goals of socialist economy
•Peasant in the Kuomintang split off and join the Communists
Chiang Kai-Shek
Communists/Nationalists•Kai-Shek worked with
Communists at first•Eventually turned against them•April 1927, the Nationalists kill
many Communist leaders and trade union members
•1928, Kai-shek becomes president of Nationalist Republic of China
•SUPPORTED BY UNITED STATES
Pres. Kai-Shek•Great Britain and U.S. formally
recognized the new government
•Soviet Union refused because they killed so many Communists
•Communist Party in China was almost totally wiped out
More Civil War•Remaining Communists are
outraged•1930, a long and bloody civil
war breaks out btwn Communists and Nationalists
•Kai-shek gathers 700k men at The Long March in 1933
Kuomintang 1932
The Long March•Nationalist army surrounds
the Communist stronghold•100k Communist forces fled,
still led by Mao Zedong•6000 mile long journey (long
march) barely stay ahead of Nat’ls
•After a year, they settle in caves in NW China
The Long March
COURTESY: MICROSOFT ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA
Japanese Invade•Chinese civil war going on•Japan takes advantage of situation•They invade Manchuria (NE China)•Manchuria also called Manchukuo•1937, all out Japanese invasion•1938, Japan causes a truce between
Mao and Chiang Kai-shek
Japanese Invade