Impaired Vision and Blindness

8/19/2019 Impaired Vision and Blindness

1/44

Original OR Group

Impaired Vision andBlindness


2/44

Refractive Errors

Bararodin, Monique

Cagigas, Nessa

Soto, Denise


3/44

-vision problems thathappen when the shape

of the eye keeps youfrom focusing well


4/44

Four Common RefractiveErrors:

Myopia Hyperopi

aPresbyopia

stigmatism


5/44

•Myopia: inherited; discovered inchildhood and progresses; causes light

rays to focus at a point in front of theretina, rather than directly in its surface.

•Hyperopia: distance betweenthe cornea and retina is not great enough.

Causes:


6/44

•res!yopia: eye loses itsfocusing ability and becomes difficult to readat those range after the age of 40.

•"stigmatism: cornea has anassymetric curvature and the surface of the

cornea is curved more in one direction thanthe other.

Causes: !cont"#


7/44

Risk Factors:•Myopia # Hyperopia:

- stress is the eye strain from doing

detailed work•"stigmatism:

-usually inherited -can be associated with diseases such as

keratoconus


8/44

Risk Factors: !cont"#

•res!yopia:- Age (40 and above

- Anemia- !ardiovascular disease

- "iabetes- #ye trauma or disease


9/44

$igns % $ymptoms:Myopia

• difficulty reading roadsigns

•

seeing distant objectsclearly• squinting•

eye strain• Feeling fatigued when

driving or playing

sports

• blurred vision

• eye strain

• difficulty concentratingor focusing on nearbyobjects

• fatigue or headacheafter performing closetasks such as reading

Hyperopia


10/44

$igns % $ymptoms:res!yopia

• Eyestrain, fatigue, orheadache from doingclose works

• difficulty reading smallprint

• need for brighter

lighting when reading• need to hold material at

an arm's distance

• s uintin

• distortion or blurring ofimages at all distances

•

headaches and fatigue • squinting and eye

discomfort or irritation

"stigmatism


11/44

Me&ical Managment:$enses

• corrects myopia, presbyopia, astigmatism and

hyperopia

• hyperopia, myopia and presbyopia.

• !onve$ lenses are prescribed for patients

with hyperopia.• !orrective lenses for astigmatism and

presbyopia

Glasses


12/44

Me&ical Managment:

!cont"#

•

one wears special rigid gas permeable (rgpcontact lenses at night that reshape yourcornea while you sleep.

• cornea temporarily retains the new shape soone can clearly see during the day withoutglasses or lenses.

Ort%o&eratology


13/44

$urgical Managment:%otore'ra(ti)e *erate(tomy

• most common refractive procedure

• refractive surgery to correct myopia,hyperopia, and astigmatism

$aser+"ssisted in Situ *eratomil$"SI*-


14/44

$urgical Managment:

!cont"#%a&i( Intrao(ular lenses

• for myopia

• are alternative to %&' and A)*'


15/44

'ow (isionan& )lin&ness

.!a/ay, Coleen

$i!oon, 0o%n Mi(%ael

1!ay+u!ay, C%armaine


16/44

(isual *mpairment

• vision impairment orvision loss

• decreased ability to see

to a degree that causesproblems not fi$ableby usual means

• a best corrected visualacuity of worse thaneither +040 or +00

)lin&ness

• complete or nearlycomplete visionloss

Cl i+ i


17/44

Classi+cations:

•23453 to 23463: mild vision loss, ornear-normal vision

•23473 to 234863: moderate visualimpairment, or moderate low vision

•234233 to 234933: severe visual

impairment, or severe low vision

Cl i+ i


18/44

Classi+cations: !cont"#•23433 to 2348,333:

profoundvisual impairment, or profound lowvision

•More t%an 2348,333: near-totalvisual impairment, or near total blindness

•No lig%t per(eption: total visual

impairment, or total blindness

C


19/44

Causes:

Glau(oma Catara(t

,iabetic

retinopathy

Chil&hoo&

)lin&ness

Ma(ular Degeneration

Ri k F


20/44

Risk Factors:People age over 5!hildren age below "5#ifestyle $%lcoholic, &moker, iabetic(E)posed to teratogenic agents during

pregnancy *acterial and +iral nfection $-eisseriagonorrhea(

.cular trauma /alignancies of the eye -utritional deficiency $+it0 % def0(

+ascular disease $stroke, ocular inflammation(

$i % $ t


21/44

$igns % $ymptoms:

Se)ere, suddeneye pain

Ha;y, !lurredDou!le )ision

S


22/44

ssessment % ,iagnosticesting

2efraction+isual Field !ontrast &ensitivity

3lare 4esting

% ,


23/44

reatments % ,rugs:

Opti(alDe)i(es

=e(%niques

.n)ironmentalModi>(ations

"dapti)e non+Opti(al

de)i(es


24/44

.laucoma

"lmonte, Cleo

Regis, amela


25/44

• used to re'er to a group o'

o(ular (onditions (%ara(teri;ed!y opti( ner)e damage

•opti( ner)e damages is relatedto t%e intrao(ular pressure(aused !y t%e (ongestion o' t%e

aqueous %umor in t%e eye?

Cl i+ ti


26/44

/pen ngle

• sually bilateral but on eyemay be more severelyaffected than the other;anterior chamber angle isopen and appears normal.

• / types – P2/%2 .PE- %-3#E

3#%6!./% $P.%3( – -.2/%# 4E-&.-

3#%6!./% – .!6#%2 7PE24E-&.-

ngle Closure

• 1bstruction in the a2ueoushumor outflow due to thecomplete or partial closureof the angle from the

forward shift of theperipheral iris to thetrabecular.

• / types – %!64E %-3#E !#.&62E

3#%6!./% $%%!3( – &6*%!64E %-3#E !#.&62E

3#%6!./% – !72.-! %-3#E !#.&62E

3#%6!./%

Classi+cations:

$i % $ t


27/44

$igns % $ymptoms:

Heada(%e Ha;y, !lurredDou!le )ision

$oss o'perip%eral)ision

Seeing rain!o


28/44

ssessment % ,iagnosticesting.cular and /edical 7istory 4aking

1 useful in identifying the predisposing factors 4onometry

1 essential in measuring the intraocular pressure(3ormal *1% -+ mm 5g.pthalmoscopy

1 used to inspect the optic nerves.!entral +isual Field 4esting

1 used to detect blind spots (scotomas, which

could be a sign of eye diseases.

t t % ,


29/44

reatments % ,rugs:

.ye Drops

Oral Medi(ations

• %rostaglandins.

• 6eta blockers.

•Alpha-adrenergic agonists.

• !arbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

• 7iotic or cholinergic agents.

• !arbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

$ i l M t


30/44

$urgical Managment:$aser =%erapy

@iltering Surgery

• minimally invasive procedure to removetissue from the trabecular meshworkusing a 8rabecutome

• aser trabeculoplasty• an option for people with open-angle glaucoma.

Draining =u!es.le(tro(autery

' esty e % Home


31/44

' esty e % HomeReme&ies:

.at a Healt%y Diet.Aer(ise Sa'ely

$imit our CaeineSip @luids @requently

Sleep


32/44

Cataractpa-ap0 C1

'uton0 2uennie

$ilvano0 3obrem


33/44

• lens opa(ity or (loudiness?

• Catara(ts is a leading (ause o'

!lindness in t%e


34/44

• posterior subcapsular

cataract –occur in front of the posterior capsule

– at risk8 %eople with diabetes or those taking highdoses of steroid medications

• nuclear cataract

– forms deep in the central 9one (nucleus of thelens

– tends to have a substantial genetic component that

causes a central opacity in the lens

ypes:

ypes: !cont #


35/44

•

cortical cataract – involves the anterior, posterior, or e2uatorial corte$of the lens.

–

:ision is worse in a very bright light.

ypes: !cont"#

Causes:


36/44

ge-relate& cataracts can a5ect your

vision in two ways:• !lumps of protein reduce the sharpness of the

image reaching the retina.

• 8he clear lens slowly changes to ayellowishbrownish color, adding a brownish tint tovision.

Causes:

Causes: !cont #


37/44

Causes: !cont"#

Congenital

cataract

Ra&iationcataract

$econ&arycataract

raumaticcataract

Risk Factors:


38/44

Risk Factors:

%ging%ssociated .cular !onditions 4o)ic factors -utritional factorsPhysical factors

&ystemic diseases andsyndromes

$igns % $ymptoms:


39/44

$igns % $ymptoms:

Cloudy,Blurry Vision

Multiple orDou!le )ision

Color Seems@aded

%alosaround lig%ts

oor nig%t)ision

,i ti ti


40/44

,iagnostic esting

egree of visual acuity is directlyproportional to density of the cataract

&nellen visual acuity test

.phthalmoscopy

&litlamp biomicroscopic e)amination

M &i l M t


41/44

Me&ical Management:

-o nonsurgical $medications, eyedrops, eyeglasses( treatment cures

cataracts or prevents age1relatedcataracts0

$ i l M t


42/44

$urgical Management:

1 %lso called 9small incisioncataract surgery0:

%a(oemulsi>(ation

.Atra(apsular Surgery1 a longer incision on the side of the

cornea and removes the cloudy core ofthe lens in one piece

8$. ,9 % Managements:


43/44

• ,isturbe& $ensory Perception

–1rient patient to environment. –&ecommend use of visual aids when appropriate.

–#ncourage use of sense of touch.

• Risk for *n6ury r7t (isual*mpairment –&emove environmental barriers to ensure safety.

–uide patient when ambulating, if appropriate

– *nstruct patient to touch and feel for the seat ofchairs without arms.




44/44

• ,e+cient 1nowle&ge r7t theproper management of the

&isease – *nvolve caregiver in patient

Impaired Vision and Blindness

Documents

Transcript of Impaired Vision and Blindness