Impacts of The Impacts of The EnlightenmentEnlightenment

SS.A.3.4.5; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.5; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3SS.A.3.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3

Enlightened CultureEnlightened Culture

Other kings build big palaces like Other kings build big palaces like Versailles, but in a new style of Versailles, but in a new style of architecture borrowing from baroquearchitecture borrowing from baroque

Rococo art, is secular and centered on Rococo art, is secular and centered on light and the pursuit of pleasurelight and the pursuit of pleasure

Music: Mozart, Handel, Hayden, BachMusic: Mozart, Handel, Hayden, Bach Literature centers around the Literature centers around the

emergence of novels, about real emergence of novels, about real people, not royaltypeople, not royalty

Enlightenment & AbsolutismEnlightenment & Absolutism People begin to accept that equality People begin to accept that equality

before the law; right to hold property; before the law; right to hold property; pursuit of happiness; and freedoms of pursuit of happiness; and freedoms of religion, speech, press & assemblyreligion, speech, press & assembly

Rulers must be “enlightened”, operate Rulers must be “enlightened”, operate within the law and nurture art, science within the law and nurture art, science and educationand education

Enlightened AbsolutismEnlightened Absolutism, where , where kings rule with absolute power, but kings rule with absolute power, but adhere to Enlightened waysadhere to Enlightened ways

PrussiaPrussia King Frederick William I builds a powerful King Frederick William I builds a powerful

Prussian state:Prussian state:– Fourth largest army in EuropeFourth largest army in Europe– Loyal, efficient bureaucracy Loyal, efficient bureaucracy

Fredrick II (The Great) cultured and Fredrick II (The Great) cultured and educated—Enlightened educated—Enlightened – Improved army and controlled bureaucracyImproved army and controlled bureaucracy– Bans torture, except traitors and murderersBans torture, except traitors and murderers– Expanded freedom of speech, press, religionExpanded freedom of speech, press, religion– But, keeps Prussian feudal system in tactBut, keeps Prussian feudal system in tact

The Austrian EmpireThe Austrian Empire Austrian Empire is powerful, but hard to Austrian Empire is powerful, but hard to

rule because of large sizerule because of large size Empress Maria Theresa centralizes and Empress Maria Theresa centralizes and

strengthens the power of the state, while strengthens the power of the state, while relieving burden of serfs (somewhat)relieving burden of serfs (somewhat)

Joseph II, M.T.’s son, makes ideas of the Joseph II, M.T.’s son, makes ideas of the Enlightenment lawEnlightenment law– Abolish serfdom, eliminate death penalty, est. Abolish serfdom, eliminate death penalty, est.

equality before law, religious tolerationequality before law, religious toleration– Nobles angry for freeing of serfs, Church angry Nobles angry for freeing of serfs, Church angry

over toleration, serfs upset about not over toleration, serfs upset about not understanding the world around themunderstanding the world around them

Joseph’s reforms fail, successors reverse Joseph’s reforms fail, successors reverse themthem

Catherine The Great’s Catherine The Great’s RussiaRussia

Catherine takes power of Russia (1762-Catherine takes power of Russia (1762-1796), favors Enlightened reforms1796), favors Enlightened reforms

Establishes new code of laws, all are Establishes new code of laws, all are equal under the law, but never really equal under the law, but never really enforcedenforced– Nobility is key to stability, but her favor of Nobility is key to stability, but her favor of

nobles leads to unrest among serfsnobles leads to unrest among serfs Catherine expands Russian territory to Catherine expands Russian territory to

the south (Black Sea), and west to the south (Black Sea), and west to PolandPoland

War of Austrian SuccessionWar of Austrian Succession Austria’s Empress Maria Theresa seen as Austria’s Empress Maria Theresa seen as

weak, Prussia’s Fred II invades Silesiaweak, Prussia’s Fred II invades Silesia Austria & Britain vs. Prussia & FranceAustria & Britain vs. Prussia & France War was fought in three places around the War was fought in three places around the

world: Austria, Netherlands and Indiaworld: Austria, Netherlands and India British capture French forts in N. AmericaBritish capture French forts in N. America After Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, war stops, After Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, war stops,

but only for a bitbut only for a bit– Everyone gets land back, except SilesiaEveryone gets land back, except Silesia

The Seven Year’s WarThe Seven Year’s War Maria Theresa still upset over Silesia, Maria Theresa still upset over Silesia,

France is upset with EnglandFrance is upset with England– France & Austria forget rivalry, join forces France & Austria forget rivalry, join forces

with Russia against Prussia & Britainwith Russia against Prussia & Britain– War starts in Europe, India & N. AmericaWar starts in Europe, India & N. America

The war lasts from 1756-1763:The war lasts from 1756-1763:– In Europe & India called Seven Years’ WarIn Europe & India called Seven Years’ War– In N. America called French & Indian War In N. America called French & Indian War

by the British and American colonists who by the British and American colonists who fought against the Native Americans & fought against the Native Americans & FrenchFrench

War In EuropeWar In Europe

Frederick’s large Prussian army fights Frederick’s large Prussian army fights well at first, but is worn down by well at first, but is worn down by attacks from three sidesattacks from three sides– Austria (South), France (West), Russia Austria (South), France (West), Russia

(East)(East) New Russia czar Peter III, likes New Russia czar Peter III, likes

Frederick, stops Russian attacksFrederick, stops Russian attacks War at stalemate, ends in 1763War at stalemate, ends in 1763

– All lands returned, Austria gives up SilesiaAll lands returned, Austria gives up Silesia

War In IndiaWar In India

““The Great War For Empire” fought The Great War For Empire” fought between France & Britain in India & N.A.between France & Britain in India & N.A.

France won Madras from Britain in War of France won Madras from Britain in War of Austrian Succession, but gave it back Austrian Succession, but gave it back – France always wanted Madras, and attacks France always wanted Madras, and attacks

British Madras—the British persistBritish Madras—the British persist France eventually leaves India to BritainFrance eventually leaves India to Britain

War In North AmericaWar In North America

Called “French & Indian War”Called “French & Indian War” France ran N.A. colonies like trading France ran N.A. colonies like trading

areaarea– Rich in fur, leather, fish and timberRich in fur, leather, fish and timber

British N.A. more populated, wealthierBritish N.A. more populated, wealthier– 1750: 1 million people1750: 1 million people

Two main areas of fighting:Two main areas of fighting:– Gulf of St. LawrenceGulf of St. Lawrence– Ohio River ValleyOhio River Valley

French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War French in Ohio River Valley, seen as French in Ohio River Valley, seen as

threat by British colonists/armythreat by British colonists/army– French built forts, made alliances with French built forts, made alliances with

IndiansIndians British Prime Minister William Pitt, British Prime Minister William Pitt,

wants to destroy French Empire, wants to destroy French Empire, replace it with a British Empirereplace it with a British Empire– Concentrates British resources on the war Concentrates British resources on the war

in the colonies, not the European theater in the colonies, not the European theater – French N.A. army is bigger, but little navyFrench N.A. army is bigger, but little navy

France winning at first, but naval France winning at first, but naval losses leave it unable to support armylosses leave it unable to support army

War EndsWar Ends 1759: Britain wins battle of the Plains of 1759: Britain wins battle of the Plains of

Abraham (Quebec) under Gen. WolfeAbraham (Quebec) under Gen. Wolfe British take Montreal, the Great Lakes, British take Montreal, the Great Lakes,

and the Ohio River Valley from Franceand the Ohio River Valley from France Treaty of Paris: France gives Britain Treaty of Paris: France gives Britain

Canada, land east of Mississippi RiverCanada, land east of Mississippi River– As ally of France, Spain gives Britain control As ally of France, Spain gives Britain control

of Florida, but get Louisiana from Franceof Florida, but get Louisiana from France 1763: Great Britain is world’s greatest 1763: Great Britain is world’s greatest

colonial powercolonial power