IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE
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Transcript of IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE
LGK LOA May2004Laura Gallardo Klenner , [email protected]
IMPACTS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS ON THE
STRATOCUMULUS DECK OFF CHILE
LGK LOA May2004
Outlook• Some background
– How come there is a UMR-CNRS in Santiago de Chile?
– Ongoing research within atmospheric science at CMM
• Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions
– Anthropogenic sulfur and Sc
– Volcanoes and new particles in the upper troposphere
– Perspectives and aims (BASIS)
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“CMM-Uchile-CNRS-UMR 2071”Moisés Mellado
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Atmospheric Science at CMMThemes• Inverse modeling
applications: assessing sources for linear tracers
• Megacities
• Stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes and ozone in the subtropics
• Sulfur aerosols and cloud processes
Projects• INRIA-CONICYT (2003-
2004)• CLARIS (2004-2007)• IAI (2004-2005)
• FONDECYT (2003-2006)
• ECOS Syd (2004-2006)• Swedish Research Council
(2003-2004)• FORMAS (2005-2007)
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LGK LOA May2004
STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE OZONE BALANCE IN THE
SUBTROPICS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE: A MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED STUDY
BASED AT CERRO TOLOLO (30ºS, 70ºW, 2200 M.A.S.L)FONDECYT 1030809 (2003-2006)
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Oxidized sulfur (SOx=SO2+sulfate) is perhaps the
most "natural" species to focus on in Chile …
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Potential effects on Sc clouds?
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Step one: establishing tools
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Regional-scale dispersion of oxidized sulfur over Central Chile using
HIRLAM-MATCH L. Gallardo, G. Olivares y A. Aguayo
National Commission for the Environment (CONAMA)
J. Langner, B. Aarhus, M. Engardt y L. Gidhagen
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)
S-SO2 S-SO4
Em
issi
ons
(95%
)
Em
issi
ons
(5%
)
Dry
dep
osit
ion
Dry
an
wet
dep
osit
ion
OH
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Coastal lows
Type A
Type BPF
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Coastal lows and off shore transport episodes in Northern Chile
Sulfur burden mgS/m2
To be continued…
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There are more than 100 active volcanoes along the Andes!!
WE KNOW LITTLE ABOUT THEM
ZVN
ZVC
ZVS
ZVA
Alvaro Amigo
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Radiative Forcing -0.65 W/m2 : 39.6% (75 TgS/yr man made) vs 32.9% (10 TgS/yr volcanic).
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Láscar Volcano (5593 m.a.s.l.)
Nov. 1989: Fumarolic emissions
19-20 Ap 1993:
Subplinian eruption
LGK LOA May20042300 1120 [Mg/d] 400 [Kton] 30%
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Fumarolic (2300) vs. anthropogenic (2100 )emissions (MgSO2/d) Svolc
Svolc + Sant
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New particles may be formed! (Ekman connection)
Nucl Aitken
Acc H2SO4
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Subplinian emissions as pulses
19 Km
14 Km
11 Km
4 Km
26 Km
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SO2 burden as observed by TOMS
And ashes
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Deposition (mgS/m2/d) and ice cores (Illimani & Tapado)
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Next stepsMATCH model:– Convective mixing over the
Andes (Tiedke scheme)
– Biogenic emissions & Humboldt current (LMDZ approach)
– Coupling with CPTEC (Brazil) and MM5 (Chilean Weather Office)
– Systematic comparisons with satellite products
DMS Emissions
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Volcanoes
•Estimating aerosol formation in the
UTLS (c/o Annica Ekman & MIT)
•Using ERA 40 ECMWF (61 levels,
0.5°)
•Including effects of deep convection
on transport
•Using 3-D wet deposition scheme
•Simulations of ash deposition
Next steps
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Other steps and projects
• In situ measurements of activated aerosols in Sc by the Chilean coast (c/o Kevin Noone & Ana María Córdova)
• Implementation of a regional scale climatic model (Rossby Center), with S-Sc parameterizations
• MBL and Sc: cloud base and MM5 simulations (c/o José Rutllant & colleagues)
• STE processes and ozone soundings• Implementation of MATCH adjoint for linear tracers
plus other inverse techniques
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Altogether
• The S cycle and its interactions with clouds (Sc!) is
amazingly interesting in the west coast of South
America… but barely known
• There are increasing capabilities in Chile regarding
people, modeling and monitoring
• We are confident of having a fruitful
collaboration with the LOA team