Impacts Assessment of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and It's implications on the Nile Basin...
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Transcript of Impacts Assessment of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and It's implications on the Nile Basin...
Impacts Assessment of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and It's
implications on the Nile Basin Initiative
By: Biniyam Sishah
Back Ground
• River : Nile
• Length = 6,650 km
• Basin area = 3.4E6 km2 [1/10th of continent]
• Average flow = 2,830 m3 /s 2% of Amazon
15% of the Mississippi
• Main Tributaries:
White Nile: 805 km and shares 15% of total flow
Blue Nile: 1460 miles and shares 85 % of total flow
• The two major Nile’s meet at Khartoum, Sudan
• Nile riparian Countries:
• During Wet periods on July and August blue Nilecontributes 70%, the Atbara 20% and white Nile 10%.
• In dry periods early of may almost all the flow comesfrom white Nile
• Lake Nasser has huge storage capacity of nearly168Km3 in wet season, but evaporates 10% of its volumeevery year.
• Nile for Egypt is the Source of food and transport
• Before the completion of the Aswan High Dam, thelarge quantities of silt washed down from the richhighlands of Ethiopia were deposited by thefloodwaters in Egypt, where the fertility of the riverinelands was maintained over the centuries, despiteintensive cultivation.
Without the Nile there wouldn’t have been any Egypt
Political Conflicts over the Nile
Intensified during the colonial era when England tried to increase agricultural productivity in the delta.
:
1902: King of Ethiopia Agreed to consult British on any planned project on the blue Nile
1929: Exclusive agreement between Egypt and Sudan
48Mm3 and all dry season flow to Egypt, 4Mm3 to Sudan
1959: Exclusive agreement between Egypt and Sudan
55.5Mm3 & all dry season flow to Egypt, 18.5Mm3 for Sudan
Construction of Aswan, Roseires, Khashm Al-girba Dams were also agreed up on
No-one knew how much of the water was actually coming form Ethiopia.99%
Ethiopia's response was engaging in plans to launch major projects on the
blue Nile.
No riparian countries were notified in all cases
1966: Helsinki agreement of equitable share was proposed
1970’s:Egypts plan to construct a canal that diverts 10% of the Nile’s water
1999:Nile Basin Initiative was Established to address all riparian countries
Ethiopia rejected
the proposal
1974:The Great Famine of Ethiopia was a rigging bell for change
Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)Is a partnership among the Nile riparian states
Main Objectives:
Developing a sustainable and equitable win-win water gain policy and in doing so promoting
economic integration
NILE BASIN INITIATIVE STRUCTURE
The Nile Secretariat
[NILE-SEC]
Eastern Nile council of
Minsters [ENCOM]
Nile Technical Advisory
Committee [NILE- TAC]
Strategic Planning and
Management Department
Water Resources
Management Department
Nile Council of Ministers
[NILE-COM]
Finance and Administration
Department
Eastern Nile subsidiary Action
program Team[ENSAPT]
Eastern Nile Technical
Regional Office [ENTRO]
Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of
Minsters [NELCOM]
Nile Equatorial Lakes Technical
Advisory Committee [NELTAC]
Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary
Action Program CU[NELSAP-CU]
Eastern Nile council of
Minsters [ENCOM]
Eastern Nile subsidiary Action
program Team[ENSAPT]
Eastern Nile Technical
Regional Office [ENTRO]
Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of
Minsters [NELCOM]
Nile Equatorial Lakes Technical
Advisory Committee [NELTAC]
Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary
Action Program CU[NELSAP-CU]
Strategic Planning and
Management Department
Water Resources
Management Department
Finance and Administration
Department
Establishment and
Confidence buildingInstitutional
Strengthening
Consolidation
and Delivering
Institutional Framework:
1999 2008 2012 2016
2011 :construction of the Great r
Renaissance dam of Ethiopia was
announced :
2010: Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda,
Burundi and Tanzania signed a
cooperative framework agreement
seeking more water share.
Egypt and Sudan
Rejected the proposal
and construction plan
NBI was conceived as a
transitional institution until
the Cooperative Framework
Agreement (CFA)
negotiations were finalized
and a permanent institution is
created.
The Great Renaissance Dam of Ethiopia
Purpose = Only Hydro-electric production
Storage = 70 Mm3 [twice the size of lake Tana]
Power production = 6000 Mw of Energy
Total cost = $5Billion [10% of Ethiopian gross product]
= most of it covered by Ethiopia
After completion
Sell energy to eastern African countries
cover most of the countries power demand
Positive impacts proposed by Ethiopia
Reduce evaporation from lake Nasser
Increases water flow downstream
Source of hydroelectric power for Eastern Africa
Reduces flood risk downstream
Reduces siltation downstream
If Ethiopia cannot use its
elevation and seasonal rains
for Hydro-electric power and
irrigation, what is it to do?
Negative Impacts raised by Egypt and Sudan
What will happen while reservoir is filling?
25% flow reduction
for 3 years or more is
expected? When water fails in the Ethiopian highlands
what will happen?
What if Ethiopia starts using the Dam for
water consumption purposes
Impact of climate change on the Nile river
By 2020, 75 -250 million
people can be exposed to
increased water stress
How will the Nile impact due to population
growth after 20 years??
It is estimated: both nations will surpass 100
million and population of the whole basin will
collectively reach 600 million.
The Grand renaissance dam poses a question as
basic as water itself:
What Should NBI learn from predecessor Initiatives
Previously active initiatives on the Nile basin:
Hydromet project 1967
Undugu from 1983 to 1992
Technical Cooperation Committee for the Promotion of
Development and Environmental Protection of the Basin
(TECCONILE) in 1993
Why they fail to succeed
lack of inclusivity
Did not anchor the cooperation effort in a comprehensive
institutional setting and within the ambit of a Shared Vision
What needs to be done now?
Need to strengthen cooperation b/n riparian nations and ties with
other experienced organizations working in the essence of
Integrated water resources Management. E.g. The European
Water Framework Directives approach to Integrated River
Basin management
This is the 21st century, it should not be
about who owns the Nile anymore, we
need to promote equitable sharing of
our trans-boundary water Resources and
focus all attentions in eradicating
poverty.