Impact of Western Powers in India

8/3/2019 Impact of Western Powers in India

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Impact of Western Powers in

India


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The Portuguese


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British InfluenceBritish Presence Steadily Increased

1. British trading forts in

* Surat

* Fort William now the city of

Calcutta

* Madras

2. Indian cotton goods to the East Indies

* traded for spices

3. British dominance sealed by

Sir Robert Clive


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British InfluenceRobert Clive

- aggressive empire builder

1. British East India Company

2. consolidated British control in Bengal

3. Battle of Plasseya. East India Company and taxes

4. East India Company dominance


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British InfluenceBritish East India Company

- Problems

1 offended their Indian allies

2 put a horrible tax burden on the Indian people

3 British move inland

4 horrible for the Indian economya. wealth taken from local rulers

b. money was sent back to Britain

5destroyed the local industrial base

a. British products were sent to India

6 British Law

a. land confiscated from Indians who could

not pay taxes

b. huge landless Indian population

c. Famine kills 1/3 of population in Britishcontrolled areas


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British InfluenceBritish East India Company1. Hired Indian Soldiers known as Sepoys

a. distrust of the British lead to a revolt

* 1857

b. Bacon and Cow Fat

First War of Independence (Sepoy Mutiny)

1. Sepoys near Delhi refuse to use their riffles

2. British arrest them

a. Sepoys* riot killing men women and children

5. Sepoys poorly organized

a. Hindus and Muslims did not work together

6. Atrocities

a. House of Ladies Massacre


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British RuleBritish Crown rule1. Parliments Control

a. Vicroys

2. 3,500 British officals

a. controlled 300 million people

* largest colonial population


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British Rule

Benefits

1. Education (Lord Macauly)

a. only upper class was educated

b. trained to be subordinates

c. Western Education* trained to be British

e. 90% of India stayed illiterate

2. Suttee was made illegal

3. British tried to stamp out thugs

a. Kali

4. railroads/ telegraphs/ postal

services

5. Sanitation was introduced


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British RuleProblems1. Indian elite and British benefited

2.British manufactured goods

3. zamindars

a. took advantage of tax collecting

b. took land4. Farmers to move from food to cotton

a. food not able to keep up with population

growth

b. 1880-1900

* 30 million Indians died of starvation*tried to keep India from industrializing

5. British were arrogant

a. Indians loyalties

*superior Indian castes never equal

6. British Racism


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Indian Nationalist Movement

Indian Nationalists

- educated / upper class / urban

- Indian needed reform

- Industrialization & modernization

British Reform

-Some self government (1880s)

- Local British sabotage


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Indian National Congress (INC)

- 1885 (Bombay)

1. high class English trained Hindus

2. wanted to speak for all Indians

3. did not call for revolution

a wanted reform

* end traditional abuses

b. Indian share in the governing

c. Economic development

British Response

- Few changes


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Balwantrao Tilak

1. formed New Party

a. terrorism to achieve independence

b. British jail Tilak

INC split over religious differences

1. leaders were Hindu

2. Muslim leaders wanted a Muslim Leaguea. represent the interests of Muslims


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Indian Nationalist MovementMohandas Gandhi

1. born in 1869

a. Gujarat (western India)

2. son of a government official

3. Studied in Londona. became a lawyer

4. Practiced law in South Africa

a. racial prejudice

b. tried to organize Indians

5. Return to Indiaa. active in independence movement

b. non-violent protest (Civil Disobedience)

6. Goals

a. convert the British to his views

b. unite all of the Indians under a common movement


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Gandhi ( Indias Great Soul )

1. Mahatma

2. organized mass protests

a. 1919

* protest got out of hand

* British killed hundreds of protesters

3. Ghandi was arrested

a. Ghandi was horrified by the violence

Government of India Act

1. expanded the role of Indians in the government

a. 5 million Indians were given the right to vote

b. Indians given a parliament


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Indian National MovementGandhi Released From Prison

1. Gandhi returns to civil disobedience

a. Hate could only be overcome by

love

* nonviolence

2. Walk to the sea

a. seventy-eight supporters

b. and walked 240 miles to the sea

c. salt

d. Gandhi gets arrested again


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Indian National MovementJawaharlal Nehru

1. 1930s enters the movement

2. secular/educated in Britain / intellectual

a. everything Gandhi was not

Split in the Indian National Congress

1. Gandhi

a. religious / native / traditional2. Nehru

a. secular/ western/ modern

3. Made the movement stronger

a. nationalism and Indian traditionalism


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The Indian National MovementHostilities between Hindus and Muslims

1. Hindu control of Indian National Congress (INC)

a. Muslims upset

2. Muslims under Muhammad Ali Jinnaha. call for the creation of the state of Pakistan

3. British presence was the only thing

keeping India from civil war


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Independent IndiaEnd of WWII

-Great Britain negotiated with both1. Indian National Congress (Hindu)

2. Muslim League (Muslim)

-Neither want single state

1. India (Hindu)

2. East and West Pakistan

(Muslim)

-Gandhi objected to the division

1. Fear of war

- August 15th 1947 India and

Pakistan

became independent


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Independent India

January 30th 1948

1. Hindu militant

a. killed Gandhi


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Indian IndependenceIndiaDemocratic Socialism

- (INC) Renamed Congress Party

1. 400 million people

a. most in povertyb. 14 major languages

c. Indian society was divided

2. Jawaharlal Nehru

* Popular new prime minister

b. democratic socialist government* political system based on the

British system

* economics followed the British

Labour Party


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Indian Independence

India and the Cold War

1. United States and the Soviet Union

India and Pakistan1. Went to war in 1965

2. India won a quick victory

India helped East Pakistan separate

from Pakistan (1971)

1. new state of Bangladesh


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Independent IndiaThe Post

-Nehru Era in India

-Nehru dies in 1964

- Indira Gandhi (Nehrus daughter)

1. Green Revolution

a. poverty

b. environmental problems2. Sikhs in Punjab

a. Sikh

* combined Muslim and Hindu ideas

b. Militant Sikhs demanded independence

c. Indira and military action

d. two Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indira


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Impact of Western Powers in India

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