The AIUI] Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE)August 2015 I Volume 14 Number 1

A.ISE Editorial Board

Chief Editor

Dr. Curmen Z. LuntagnuVice Chancellor, AIUB

Associate Editors

Prof. Dr. Tufazzal IlossainVice President, Academics, AIUB

Prof. Dr. Suiful IslamPro-Vice Clrancellor, Primeasia University

Members

Prof Dr. A. B. M. Siddique llossainDean. Facuhy of Engineering, AIUB

Prof M. A. QuuiyumRegistrar. AlUu

Prof. Dr. Md. Rufiqul IslumComputer Science and Engineering Discipline, Khulna University

Special Editorial Assistant

:|ilr. Rinku BosakAssistant Professor and Head (Graduate Program), Department of EEE, AIUB

Edirorial PolicvI- Research papers to be published in thisjournal will be processed through a blind review system by a

panel of expert reviewers.l- The responsibilities for opinions, studies and other contributions rest entirely on the respective

author(s). Publication does not necessarily constitute efdorsement of the same by AIUB.

-i- l\lanuscript submitted for publication should be the original work of the author(s). If a paper contains

material(s) reproduced fiom other sources, it must be acknowledged or flecessary permission should

be submined along with the paper.-[. Coplright of the paper published in this journal will be reserved by AIt jB.

-;- The journal is published once a year in English in the month of August.

AJSE is publislied in on behalf of the Faculty of Engineering ar-rd Faculty ofScience and Information Technology, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) by the Office of Research and Publications (ORP)

The AIUB Journal of Science andAugust 2015 Volume 14 Number

Papers

Bngineering (AJSE)

1 ISSN 1608 -3679

Pages

Design and Evaluation of a compact ultra wide Band rextile Antenna for Wearable Body-{rea ApplicationsShuhriar l{esqtr Shelmb, Sheiteen Hassun and Furhaclur Arifin

Effects of Active Region Thickness on the performance characteristicsBased 420 nm MQW Blue Violet LaserAniqo Tahsin, Tinni Rani Paul, Shakhila Afrin and Rinku Bcrsok

of InGaN

Performance Evaluation of Energy Detection based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing forCognitive RadioIkrant llyas, Niger Fatema and Md. Abdar Rahman

Design and Performance Analysis of Nano Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna at0.25 TlfzMehnaj Mahbuba and NaJiz Ahmed Chisty

Performance Analysis of MIMO Antennas Based on Compact Corner Notched printedRectangular Monopole Antenna for UWB ApplicationsMohammatl Tbreq und Zeenat Afroze

Design of A Novel, Low-Profile, Elliptical patch Super wide Band MIMO Antenna andPerfonnance Analysis for UWB ApplicationsMtl. Ashif Isktm Oni snd M. Tanseer Ali

Speed Control for SPWM-VSI Fed Induction Motor Tdking Core Loss and Stray LoadLosses into AccountMd. Rirtfi Huzari, llohsntnwd Abdul Munnan, Toshiaki Murato and Junji ramuro

Design and Simulation of a Dual-stage DC to DC Boost Converter Driven Micro Grid'lie InverterZuber llassn Mshmud und Md. Kamrul Llussan

Speed Control of Separately Excited DC Motor with Efficiency Maximization propensitysumaiyu umme Honi, Mcl. Kamrul Husson, Mcl, Rifat Hazari and Mohummsd AbtlttlMqnnun

Measurement of Content Distribution in the InternetMd Husib Noor, Miftah Al Karim and Saiful Islom Khsn

Crystallographic Orientation-dependent Optical Properties of InGaAs/GaAs euantum WellArchitecture by 4x4 Hamiltonian MatrixS.M. Tasmeeh Altsan, Mahmoodal Islom and Sourav Roy

Performance Analysis of a Linearized power Amplifier with X-parameter ModelNilinru Rohman and M. Tunseer Ali

l5

23

27

37

43

53

6l

7l

89

97

performance Improvement of Power System Network by Placing unified Power Flow107

Controller at Appropriate Location

Shameem Ahmad, Saad Mekhilef, Fatli M. Albalsh and Shuvru Suha

ZigBee: Simulation and Investigation of Star and Mesh Topology by

Transrnission Bands

Md. Mamunttr Rttshld untl Retltwon Faiz

using differentll5

varying Sample-width to Realize Area-Efficient F'PCA Realization of Sobel-Fleldman123

Edge DetectorKttzi Ahnted Asif Fuud and Shahriyar ll{asud Rizvi

Impact of Urban canyon on the Micro climate: A study through ENVI-met Model in the

Context of Dhanmondi, Dhaka 129

Sadul llusun Turiq, Syma Haque Trishs und Zurrin Tasnim

Creating New Eco-Cities for Sustainable Urban Devefopment 137

Shurmina lloque and Tabassum Zarirt

Bring Back Nature in the Post Mining Landscape of the west Rand, Johannesburg 143

Md Suriful Islam, Tabassum Zarin antl Shsrmina Haque

Creating Connectivity in Urban Renewal Places: The Case of Central Footscray l5lHqsnui l{ara Khondker, Mohantmetl Azizut Mohith and Ashik Vaskor Munnun

From ,Urban Space' to ,Urban Place': The case of Gulshan South Park, Dhaka,

Ilangladesh 163

Md"Sariful Islam, Suclipta Barua, M. Arefeen lbrahim and Diltuha Fredous Shuvnr

An Efficient DNA Sequence Compression Method Based on Approximate Rqpeats and

Reverse Complements 177

Md. Rafiqut islam, MtL Inzsmam+tl-Ilossain and Kislrcrc Kumar Pql

OTR: A Transparent D4tabase Approach for using Ontology in Information Systems 185

Bttyzicl Ashik,'Mtt. Asif utklirt, Tanmoy Mundut un(t Khuled Md Tuhitlul Hossain

X-Rays and other Associated Techniques in ldentising organic compounds for the

Production of Synthetic Graphite 195

Rttttthtt Jania orttl Tufazzul llossuin

Non-Newtonian Casson Fluid Heat and Mass Transfer Flow and Viscous Dissipation with

a Binary Chemical Reaction 201

Kh. Abttul Muleque and Protlip Kumur Ghose

Modification of Ahmed Car Body for Reducing Drag 215

Abul Kukm Aztul, Molrcmmad Arif Hossainancl A' K' M' Sudrul Islam

The AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE). Vol. I 4, No. l. August 20 l5

Impact of Urban Canyon onENVI-met Model in the

the Micro Climate: A study throughContext of Dhanmondi, Dhaka

2. Objective of the Study

The objectives of the study are as follows1. To understand the maximum impact of unban

canyon on the microclimate at a certain depthfrom it.

2. To understand the impact of urban canyon onthe secondary roads

3. To investigate the effect of the spatialvariables on the air temperature (T), reiativehumidity (Rh), mean radiant temperature(Tmrr) and wind velocity (V) in thesurrounding areas of this urban canyon byfield survey and simulation software.

3. Research Methodology

A linear segment of the Satmasjid road has beenrandomly selected on the basis of the typical characterof the urban canyon with porosity and variations ofheight in the urban fabric. The lingth of the urbangallon for study area was determined according to1:10 width-length ratio, where the width was 30m andthe length was taken for 400m from a node to anothernode. The study also investigates the effect of thespatial variables like road width, vegetal density,boundary walls, variation in building heights and largeplay ground on the temperature (T), relaiive humidity(Rh), mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) and windvelocity (V) in the surrounding areas of this urbancanyon by using simulation software ENVI_met ver.3.1 BETA 5. Five points have been selected at adistance from the urban canyon to validate thesimulation data and compare among them. Thesepoints are identified as ,.Study zones". The fieldsurvey and simulation date has been done in themonth of August when pick air temperature can riseup to 330 C during dayrime. the predicteJ data of Airtemperature (T), Relative humidity (Rh), Mean radianttemperature (Tmrt) and Wind velocity (V) from thesimulation has been compared on thi basis of five"Study zone" in four time segments from l0 A.M. to 4P.M. The data regarding these five ,,Study

zones,,shows the impact of urban canyon on the micro_climate of the surrounding area.

Saiful Hasan Tariq, Syma Haque Trisha and zarrinTasnim

Abstroct- Dhanmondi is one of the prime residential areasof Dhaka City characterized by diverse road pattern withprimary, secondary and tertiary arteries, open spaces andvariation in porosity in urban fabric. Satmasjid road is theprirnary road that runs through the Dhanmondi Residentialarea and retains the character of the urban canyon of 30m_40m width and 20m-40m enclosure on both sides. There arevegetal canopy on road islands, robust open spaces and lakesalongside. The paper is based on the study conducted tounderstar.rd the impact of urban canyon on the micro-climateofthe, surrounding area through a field survey along with theENVI-met simulation model of the study area.

Key,words: Urban Canyon, Dhanmondi R/A, Microclimate,ENVI-met model

1. Introduction

Dhanmondi is one of the well designed residentialareas of Dhaka, the Capital of Bangladesh. The areawas planned and developed in the early fifties withlarge plots, wide roads and sound naturalenvironment. Though mostly residential, over theyears several commercial developments took placealongside the main vehicular acceis roads. Satmasjidroad is the primary road that runs through iheDhanmondi residential area and retains the characterof the urban canyon of 30m-40m width, 20m_40mhigh enclosure in both sides, having vegetai canopy onroad_islands, robust open spaces and iakes alongsiaeit. However this road creates an urban corridor. Thecore objective of the study is to understand the impactof urban canyon on the micro climate of Dhanmondiarea. As a part of the study a field survey has beendone on a bright sunny day having the mlasurementof air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocityat several points in the urban canyon.

These data was also taken at a certain depth from it tounderstand the micro climate due to the urban canyonand porosity of the urban fabric. The study ilsoinvestigates the effect of the spatial variables on thetemperature (T), relative humidity (Rh), mean radianttemperature (Tmrt) and wind velocity (V) in thesurrounding areas ofthis urban canyon by field surveyand simulation using ENVI-met software.

Saiful Hasan Tariq is a Lecturer in Department of Architecture,American International University-Baniladesh (AIUB). Email:tariq@aiub.edu, cell: 0 191235661 ISyma Haque Trisha is a Lecturer in Department of Architecture,Bangladesh

.University of Engineering a.nd Technology (BUET).Emai I : symah aq ue@grnai l. com, cell: 0 I 67 49 62400Zarrin Tasnim is an Arclritect working in J.A. Architects ltd.Email: Izarrin2T@gmail.com, cell: 01694t8044

- Tariq, Trisha and Tasnim: Impact of Urban canyon on the micro climate: A study through ENVI-met model

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4. Field Investigation

The month of August was selected for the

investigation. Generally in this month the pick airtemperature can rise up to 330 C during daytime. The

field investigation was done in the urban canyon and

at a distance from it, i.e. in the secondary roads

connected with it. Field data of temperature (T) and

relative humidity (Rh) was measured in several pointsfrom I I a.m. to 12 p.m. on 26th August in the selectedportion of the urban canyon [fig l]. Average Windvelocity (V) was measured 1.5 m/s at lOm level. Thisvalue is taken as the average wind velocity (V) in thisportion of urban canyon because at road level it was

inconsistent due to the air turbulences created by thevehicular movement. As the size of the ponion ofurban canyon was determined according to l:10width-length ratio, the length of the study area inurban canyon was taken 400m where the width was

30m. Field data was also taken at about 120m distance

from the urban canyon to understand its impact on the

micro-climate of the surrounding area. From I I a.m.

to 12 p.m. average air temperature was found around33.50 C and average Relative humidity (Rh) was 62%.

From the field data it has been observed that the airtemperature is 10 C -20 C higher in the secondaryroads at a distance from the urban canyon. Humiditylevel varied in different points, e.g. spaces below the

vegetal canopy shows higher humidity level than the

spaces exposed to direct solar exposure.

Fig. l: Air temperature and relative humidity in the

survey area

Fig.2: Urban canyon having vegetal canopy in road

divider and alongside the road

Fig. 3: Secondary roads which are connectedurban canyon

5. Simulation by the ENVI-met

5.1. ENVI-met:ENVI-met is a three-dimensional non-hydrostaticmicroclimate model including a simple one

dimensional soil model, a radiative transfer model and

a vegetation model (Bruse and Fleer, 1998). The

software is developed by Prof. M. Bruse, Universityof Mainz. The software runs on standard x86 personal

computer running Windows XP or Vista and does nottake advantage of more than one processor ordistributed computing []. Therefore the maximumnumber of grid cells is quite limited and it is notpossible to simulate the micro-climate of whole cities

but only single quarters within. ENVI-met uses an

uniform mesh with a maximum of about 300x300x35cells with the horizontal extension ranging between

0.5-l0m and a typical vertical height of 1-5m [2]. The

version of ENVI-met used in this study is a developerversion and contains some ameliorations and features

that are not available in the version 3.1 which is

currently available to the public. One of these new

features, the possibility to explicitly force the

meteorological parameters at the inflow boundaries, is

used in this study [3].

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The AIUB Journal ofscience and Engineering (AJSE), Vol. 14, No. l, August 2015

5.2. Model Area and simulation:A linear segment of the Satmasjid road has beenraldomly selected on the basis of tire typical characterof.the urban canyon with porosity and' variations ofheight in the urban fabric. The selected segment of theroad has

_a large playground on the east side, plant

nursery alongside the boundary walls, l5m high treeson the road islands and in the periphery ofthe canyonin some places. The length oi th. urbun canyon forstudy area was determined according to l:10 width_Iength ratio, where the width was 30t and the lengthwas taken for 400m from a node to another node. Forthe modeling an area of 320m X 400m has beenselected to assess the impact of the urban canyon onthe microclimate of this area. The selected area isdivided- in to 80 grids in X-axis and 100 grids in y-axis where each grid is equal to 4m i +rn. fn,simulation was done in the date of field survey, i.e.26tr' August, 2013 and the time s"g..nt-*u, tut"ofrom 10 A.M. to 4 p.M. Total simuiation time was 6hours where the data was taken at l0 A.M., 12p.M.,2P.M. and 4 P.M. The tress in the road island was notconsidered in simulation model as these trees were notso large or dense to have significant impact on theradiant temperature ofthe urban canyon.

Fig. 5: Simulated Air temperature at l2 p.M.

5.3. Validation of simulation output:To compare the simulation result with the real worlddata, five "Study zones".were picked up randomlyfrom the selected area adjacent L tne urbun .unyon.The simulation result of air temperature and relativehumidity in these ,,Study ,on.r" at 12 p.M. wascompared with the field data taken from I I A.M. to 12P.M. the comparison as follows

The temperature difference from the field data tosimulation data is maximum 2.5 K. Temperaturedifference between field data and simulation'Oata instudy zone I and2 is very nominal as these zones areinside the urban canyon. In the simulation, the distantzones from the urban canyons like study zone 4 and 5shows around 2.5 K temperature difference than thefield data. Hence, minimum temperature diitbrencevalidates the simulation output.

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Fig. 4; Study zonesmodel

The v-alue of Avg. Relative humidity in the field data[fig l] is. slightly higher than the simulation orrro*r,as relative humidity is subject to unpredictableatmospheric condition, cloud cover etc.

in the real world and simulation

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AirTemperatureDffi#013study zone Field Data Simulation

l)ata0l 33.20 C or 306.35 K 306.29 K02 30.0' C or 303.15 K 304.78 K03 ?4.8" C or 307.95 K 30s.54 K04 33.9' C or 307.05 K 30s.79 K05 34.3" C or 307.45 K 305.28 K

AverageRelativeHumffi26tr' August. 2013

Simulation Data

Average Wind vetocity (V) aJ liT.frt. on-ZOrAugust, 2013

Field Data(AVG.)

Simulation Data(Avs.)

1.5 m/s 1.24 m/s

131

Tariq, Trisha and Tasnim: Impact of Urban canyon on the micro climate: A study through ENVI-met model

The value of Avg. Wind velocity in field data hasnominal difference with the simulation outcome. Inzone 1,2 and 3 wind velocity at road level wasinconsistent due to the wind turbulences crealed by themoving vehicles. Therefore, an average value wastaken as 1.5 m/s at 10m from ground level.

6. Simulation Result

The simulation result of Air temperature (T), Relativehumidity (Rh), Mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) andWind velocity (V) in five "Study zones" are as

follows,

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7. Observation and Findings

From the simulation result the following impact ofurban canyon has been observed, e.g.

Air Temperature: Air temperature increases with thetime from l0 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the entire area. Theparts of urban canyon where both side is enclosed bythe building masses, e.g. study zone 0l shows highertemperature than other zones. Distant areas fromurban canyon like study zone 4 and 5 does not showsignificant temperature variation from it.

Relative Humidity: Relative humidity decreases withthe time from l0 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the entire area.

Unlike the air temperature the parts of urban canyonwhere both side is enclosed by the building masses,e.g. study zone 0l shows lower relative humidity thanother zones. Distant areas from urban canyon likestudy zone 4 and 5 show slightly higher variation inrelative humidity from it.

Mean Radiant Temperature: Mean Radianttemperature increases with the time from 10 a.m. to 2p.m. in the entire area. But it varies in different zonesat 4 p.m., especially where the building heights arehigher and have comparatively dense tree canopy.Distant areas from urban canyon like study znne 4 and5 does not show significant variation in mean Radianttemperature from it. At 4 p.m., large show casting byhigher buildings and trees alongside the roads in zone2, 3 and 4 have impact in reduced mean radianttemperature.

Wind velocitv (V) (m/s)StudyZone ITime

l0:00 l2:00 14:00 16:00

Zone 01 1.2 1.2 0 t.lZone 02 t.4 1.5 .6 t.7Zone 03 1.4 t.7 9 2.0Zone 04 0.9 0.9 J 1.3

Zone 05 0.9 0.9 .0 1.0

Air Temoerature (T) (Kelvin)Study Zone /

Timel0:00 l2:00 l4:00 l6:00

Zone 01 298.4 305.8 309.0 309.9Zone 02 298.4 305.5 308.4 308.5Zone 03 298.4 305.5 308.7 308.5Zone 04 298.3 305.5 309.0 308.5Zone 05 298.3 305.2 308. I 308.1

Relative [Iumiditv (RIil (%)Study Zone

/ Timel0:00 12:00 l4:00 16:00

Zone 0l 63.9% 38.9Yo 3t loh 30.5%Zone 02 64.8% 41.2% 33.8% 32.2%Zone 03 65.6% 41.2Yo 32.9% 32.2%Zone 04 665% 41.2% 32.9% 31.5%Zone 05 64.8% 42.2Yo 34.7Yo 33.6%

Mean Radiant Temperature (TMRT) (Kelvin)Study Zone

/ Timel0:00 12:00 l4:00 l6:00

Zone 0l 328.7 335.2 345.4 345.7Zone 02 328.7 335.2 345.4 311.5Zone 03 328.7 335.2 345.4 306.6Zone 04 328.7 335.2 345.4 3l 1.5

Zone 05 316.0 335.2 345.4 340.8

I "i/

The AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE), Vol. I 4, No. I , August 20 I 5

Wind velocity: Wind velocity increases with the timefrom

_10 a.m. to 4 p.m, in the entire are4 qspecially in

.zone 2 and 3. Both of these zones are inside the uibancanyon and diagonal to the wind direction. The distantareas from urban canyon like Zone 4 and 5 showsnoticeable drop in wind velocity probably begause ofobstaclos like buildings and large trees. Lbrge field inthe study area have significant impact on windvelocity in entire area. Open space increases the flowof wind and maintain a moderate wind velocity in theurban canyon and its surrounding area. Anotherngtable finding is that, the wind velocity increaseswith the rise of air temperature in the study zones ofurban canyon like zone 2 and zone 3.

8. Conclusion

The study was intended to understand the impact ofurban canyon on the micro climate of the surroundingarea. From the outcome of simulation in ENVI-met, iIhas been observed that the urban canyon hassignificant impact in the Air temperature, Relativehumidity, Mean radiant temperature and Windvelocity of the adjacent area of it. But the data from adistance of approximately l00m from the urbancanyon shows slide changes in values from that of it.Therefore, it can be summarized that the distant areasfroy urtan canyon has relatively lower temperatureand higher humidity level, which makes thedifference. But, in reality the micro-climate in thedistant area form the urban canyon might have notableimpact, as the urban canyon is alwayi crowded withpedestrian traffic, fast moving cars, trafficconjunctions at nodes and consta4t change in windvelocity and radiant temperature.

References

[1] S. Huttner. S,.M. Bruse, p. Dostal,,.Using ENVI-met tosimulate the impact of global warming on the microclimatein central European cities',, proceedings ofthe 5th Japanese_

9-"ITul Meeting on Urban Climatology, October ZOOI, pp.307-3t2.[2] G. Latini, R. Cocci Grifoni, S. Tascini, ..ThermalComfort and Microclimates in Open Spaces", 2010[3] Mohamed H. Elanbawi, N. Hamza, S. Dudek, ,,Use andevaluation of the ENVI-met model for two different urbanforms in Cairo, Egypt: Measurement and modelsimulations", Proceedings of l 3th conference of internationalbuilding performance simulation Association, Chambery,France, August 2013,pp. 26-28

li!' Saiful Hasan Tariq is teaching as aLecturer in the Department of Arihitecture, AirericanInternational Univprsity-Bangladesh (AIUB) since 3lstAugust, 2014. Before that, He has received his Bachelorof Architecture (B.Arch) degree from Dept. ofArchitecture, Bangladesh University of Engineering andTechnology (BUET) in 2009. In May 2009, he had jbinedas a lecturer in the Department of Architccture, StarnfordUniversity Bangladesh. At present he is doing Masters inArchitecture (M.Arch) in Bangladesh University ofEngineering And Technology (BUET). He has severalLocal and International publications in the related fieldand presented research paper in two Intemationalconferences having a ,,Best paper Award" in one of them.In addition, he is the member of lnstitute of ArchitectsBangladesh (IAB) and continuing his profession as anArchitect along with the Academic Career.

at the Dept. ofEngineering and

B.Arch. in 2012

Haque Trisha is teaching as a lecturerArchitecture, Bangladesh University of

Technology (BUET). She completed herfrom Dept. of Architecture, Bangladesh

University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). Atpresent she is doing M. Arch. from the same university.Since 2012, she taught at Stamford University Bangladeshbefore joining at BUET. She has a number of national andinternational publications in reputed journals and conferenceproceedings.

IlZarrin Tasnim is working as anarchitect in J.A.Architects. She h* .ompieteJ theB.{r9! from Bangladesh University of Engineeringy! Tgchnology (BUET) in 2009. Currentty she iidoing M.Arch in the ,same University. Her researchinterest covers the issues of suitainable urbanneighborhood. In addition, she is the member oflnstitute of Architects Bangladesh (IAB).

1. Air Temperature

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Tariq, Trisha and Tasnim: Impact of Urban canyon on the micro climate: A study through ENVI-met model

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The AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE), Vol. 14, No. l, August 2015

3. Mean Radiant Temperature 4. Wind velocity

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