Impact of Production Linkages on Industrial Upgrading in ASEAN, the People’s Republic of China,...

7/30/2019 Impact of Production Linkages on Industrial Upgrading in ASEAN, the Peoples Republic of China, and India: Organi

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NJHA Vkxàlf _npbx Sbxabs

Agpncz ke _xkjrczakl Mal`nfbs klAljrszxanm Rpfxnjalf al NSBNL- zdb_bkpmbs Xbprhmac ke Cdaln- nljAljan9 Kxfnlaynzaklnm Buajblcb ke nFmkhnm Srppmq Cdnal

Zkgkdaxk Gncdaàznnlj Qnsrsda Rbà

Lk, 311Lkubghbx 8?>8

Nsanl Jbubmkpgblz Hnl` Alszazrzb


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NJHA Vkxàlf _npbx 311 Gncdaàzn nlj Rbà

Nhszxncz

Zdas pnpbx pxbsblzs n sagpmb gkjbm ke aljrszxanm rpfxnjalf ns n xbsrmz ke hnc`vnxj nlj ekxvnxjalekxgnzakl mal`nfbs hbzvbbl rpszxbng nlj jkvlszxbng xbmnzakls, Az nmsk sbxubs ns nl

bgpaxacnm alubszafnzakl ke zdb agpncz ke grzrnm `lkvmbjfb btcdnlfb kl zdb `lkvmbjfbpxkjrczakl erlczakl rsalf jnzn kl eaxgs& sbme'xbpkxzbj crszkgbxs nlj srppmabxs, Buajblcb exkgalzbxckllbczbj eaxgs al Aljklbsan- Zdnamnlj- _damappalbs- nlj Uabz Lng srffbszs zdnz zdbxb nxbszxklf spammkubx beebczs hbzvbbl jkvlszxbng nlj rpszxbng eaxgs al zbxgs ke alzbxlnzaklnmsznljnxj cbxzaeacnzakl, Zdb jbfxbb ke pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl as ~razb jaubxsb ncxkssgnlrenczrxalf eaxgs vazdal n mkcnm srppmq cdnal nlj vazdal n fmkhnm srppmq cdnal, Eaxgs nxb ma`bmqzk ncdabub pxkjrcz allkunzakl ae zdbq dnub crszkgbxs al ekxbafl ckrlzxabs, Crszkgbxs al Inpnlnlj zdb _bkpmb&s Xbprhmac ke Cdaln pmnq nl agpkxznlz pxkjrcz allkunzakl xkmb ekx eaxgs alNsskcanzakl ke Skrzdbnsz Nsanl Lnzakls $NSBNL! bcklkgabs- nlj crszkgbxs al zdb RlazbjSznzbs kx Brxkpb pmnq nl agpkxznlz aljrszxanm rpfxnjalf xkmb al ckllbczalf NSBNL eaxgs vazd zdbfmkhnm gnx`bz,

IBM Cmnssaeacnzakl9 K3>- K38- X>8

Nsanl Jbubmkpgblz Hnl` Alszazrzb@nsrgafnsbà Hramjalf 4E3'8'2 @nsrgafnsbà- Cdaqkjn'`rZk`qk >??'5??4- Inpnl

Zbm9 +4>'3'3213'22??Ent9 +4>'3'3213'226>RXM9 vvv,njha,kxfB'gnam9 alekOnjha,kxf

8?>8 Nsanl Jbubmkpgblz Hnl` Alszazrzb


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Cklzblzs

>, Alzxkjrczakl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 38, Xbmnzbj Mazbxnzrxb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23, Hnc`fxkrlj Buajblcb- Zdbkxbzacnm Exngbvkx`- nlj Zbsznhmb Agpmacnzakls ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6:, Jnzn kl Eaxgs Sbme'Xbpkxzbj Crszkgbxs nlj Srppmabxs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1

:,> Sngpmalf- Eaxg Cdnxnczbxaszacs- Aljrszxanm Rpfxnjalf- nlj Alekxgnzakl Sdnxalf ,,,, 1:,8 _xkjrczakl _nxzlbx Cdnxnczbxaszacs- Mkcnzakl- nlj Nsskxznzaub Gnzcdalf ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>3

2, Alekxgnzakl Emkvs vazdal n Fmkhnm Srppmq Cdnal ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>22,> Hnc`vnxj Mal`nfbs ke Zbcdlkmkfq Zxnlsebx exkg Jkvlszxbng zk Rpszxbng ,,,,,,,,>52,8 Ekxvnxj Mal`nfbs ke Zbcdlkmkfq Zxnlsebx exkg Rpszxbng zk Jkvlszxbng ,,,,,,,,,,>4

5, _xkjrcz Allkunzakl vazdal n Fmkhnm Srppmq Cdnal ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8>5,> Ekxbafl Crszkgbx' nlj Srppmabx'Jxaubl _xkjrcz Allkunzakl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8>5,8 _xkjrcz Allkunzakl vazdal n Mkcnm Srppmq Cdnal ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8:

6, _xkcbss Allkunzakl ncxkss Fmkhnm nlj Mkcnm Srppmq Cdnals ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,854, Srggnxq nlj Jascrssakl ke Buajblcb'Hnsbj _kmacqgn`alf ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3?1, Cklcmrsakl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3>Xbebxblcbs ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,33


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>, ALZXKJRCZAKL

Vdnz jxaubs pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl; Hnsbj kl zdb encz zdnz gksz pxkjrczakl pxkcbssbsnxb sb~rblzanm- krx nlsvbx dbxb as zdnz pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl jk lkz dnppbl vazdal n

eaxgzdbq sdkrmj dnppbl hbzvbbl $ealnm'fkkj! pxkjrcbxs nlj srppmabxs vazdal n srppmq cdnal,Erxzdbxgkxb- salcb gnlrenczrxalf pxkcbssbs dnub hbckgb fmkhnm nlj mkcnzakl ke pxkjrczaklpxkcbssbs dns hbbl exnfgblzbj ncxkss jbubmkpbj bcklkgabs nlj ncxkss jbubmkpalfbcklkgabs- pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl gafdz dnppbl ncxkss eaxgs al jbubmkpbj nljbgbxfalf bcklkgabs srcd ns zdb Nsskcanzakl ke Skrzdbnsz Nsanl Lnzakls $NSBNL! bcklkgabs-zdb _bkpmbs Xbprhmac ke Cdaln $_XC!- nlj Aljan $dbxbnezbx NCA!,

Salcb xbsbnxcd nlj jbubmkpgblz $X%J! vazdal n salfmb eaxg as btpbxagblznm zk zdb eaxgs- az as lkzblkrfd zk alzxkjrcb lbv fkkjs nlj pxkcbssbs zk zdb eaxgs kx zk zdb gnx`bz, Al njjazakl- zdb enczzdnz eaxgs nxb alzbxckllbczbj nlj alzbxjbpbljblz gn`bs rs zdal` nhkrz zdb agpnczs ke btzbxlnmxbskrxcbs kl pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl, Lbv zbcdlkmkfabs kx pxkjrczs ekx eaxgs rsrnmmqckgb exkg $a! alzbxeaxg zxnlsebxs zdxkrfd bgpmkqbb gkhamazq ncxkss eaxgs- kx $aa! alzbxeaxg mbnxlalfvazdal pnaxs ke eaxgs vkx`alf zkfbzdbx al n ubxzacnm cklzxnczalf xbmnzaklsdap,

N ebv bgpaxacnm pnpbxs zbsz vdbzdbx alzbxeaxg mbnxlalf as xbmnzakl'spbcaeac, @bmmkff $8?>>! ealjszdnz pxkjrczauazq ke nl kam pxkjrczakl ckgpnlq nlj azs jxammalf cklzxnczkx alcxbnsbs vazd zdb ikalzbtpbxablcb, Zdb pxkjrczauazq ke srcd xbmnzakl'spbcaeac mbnxlalf as cmksbmq xbmnzbj zk zdbcklzxnczalf hbdnuakx ke zvk pnxzabs, Xbmnzakl spbcaeacazq nmsk nppmabs zk zdb pnzzbxl ke zxnjb, Lrll$8??6! ealjs zdnz ckrlzxabs vazd fkkj cklzxncz blekxcbgblz cnl spbcanmayb al zdb gnlrenczrxalfpxkjrczakl pxkcbssbs ekx vdacd xbmnzakl'spbcaeac alubszgblzs nxb gksz agpkxznlz, Zdas srffbszszdnz ckrlzxabs vazd fkkj cklzxncz blekxcbgblz cnl njj gkxb unmrb zk pxkjrczakl pxkcbssbs,

Alzbxeaxg zxnlsebxs ke `lkvmbjfb sdkrmj hb nlnmqybj vazdal n exngbvkx` ke aljrszxanm rpfxnjalf,Zbszalf srcd n exngbvkx` al zdb cklzbtz ke NCA ckrlzxabs- vb ealj zdnz zdbxb nxb saflaeacnlz nljsaynhmb agpnczs ke pbkpmb emkvs kl pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl ngklf eaxgs al NSBNLbcklkgabs, Cklzxnxq zk bgpaxacnm vkx`- rsalf zdb cnsb ke zdb Lkxjac alekxgnzakl zbcdlkmkfqaljrszxq hq Gbl $8??2- 8??6!vdacd zbszs vdbzdbx $a! zbcdlacnm sznee al X%J'alzblsaub eaxgsxbcbaub mkvbx vnfbs al zdb bnxmq sznfbs nlj dafdbx vnfbs al zdb mnzbx sznfbs- nlj $aa! srhsajabszk eaxgs zdnz enam szagrmnzb fxkvzd bmsbvdbxb zdxkrfd mnhkx gkhamazqvb jk lkz xbmq kl drgnlcnpaznm nlj bgpmkqbb emkv ncxkss eaxgs, Xbcblz bgpaxacnm vkx`s hq Nfnxvnm- Bcdnghnja-Exnlck- nlj Snx`nx $8??:!- nlj Exnlck nlj Eamskl $8??5!- btngalb zdb xbmnzaklsdap hbzvbbl`lkvmbjfb jaeersakl zdxkrfd bgpmkqbb gkhamazq ncxkss bgpmkqbxs nlj eaxg ekxgnzakl, Hrz zdaspnpbx jkbs lkz cklsajbx blzxbpxblbrxanm ublzrxbs ke ekxgbx bgpmkqbbs,

Krx ekcrs dbxb as ubxzacnm mal`nfbs hbzvbbl rpszxbng nlj jkvlszxbng eaxgs vdacd dnub nlalcblzaub zk sblj nlj xbcbaub kvl bgpmkqbbs zk ncdabub pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl vazdaln $fmkhnm! srppmq cdnal, Ngklf sbubxnm cdnllbms ke zbcdlkmkfq zxnlsebx- ubxzacnm mal`nfbs dnubhbbl bgpdnsaybj al zdb xbcblz bgpaxacnm xbsbnxcd alzk zdb `lkvmbjfb zxnlsgassakl gbcdnlasg

hbzvbbl rpszxbng nlj jkvlszxbng eaxgs- al zdb cklzbtz ke jbubmkpalf nlj bgbxfalfbcklkgabs,

Ekx btngpmb- Naz`bl nlj Dnxxaskl $>111! sdkv pksazaub agpnczs ke ekxbafl b~razq pnxzacapnzakl klpmnlz pxkjrczauazq ekx sgnmm blzbxpxasbs rsalf jnzn kl Ublbyrbmnl pmnlzs, Zdbq nmsk ealj ekxbaflalubszgblz lbfnzaubmq neebczs zdb pxkjrczauazq ke jkgbszac pmnlzs, Zdbq cklcmrjb zdnz zdb lbzfnal exkg ekxbafl jaxbcz alubszgblz as ~razb sgnmm ae vb zn`b alzk ncckrlz zdb zvk keesbzzalfbeebczs, Kl zdb kzdbx dnlj- Inukxca` $8??:! nlj Hmnmkc` nlj Fbxzmbx $8??4! ealj hnc`vnxjmal`nfb agpnczs al zbxgs ke pxkjrczauazq fxkvzd ekx mkcnm srppmabxs exkg grmzalnzaklnm blzbxpxasb


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$GLB! crszkgbxs hq rsalf zdb sdnxb ke GLBs al jkvlszxbng sbczkxs ns nl btpmnlnzkxqunxanhmb, Hmnmkc` nlj Fbxzmbx cmnag zdnz zdbxb as n saynhmb zbcdlkmkfq zxnlsebx zk rpszxbng eaxgsexkg jkvlszxbng GLBs hbdalj bgpaxacnm bszagnzbs ke zdb xbmnzaklsdap hbzvbbl zdb sdnxb keGLBs al jkvlszxbng eaxgs nlj pxkjrczauazq fxkvzd,

Cklzxnxq zk Naz`bl nlj Dnxxaskl $>111!- Inukxca` $8??:!- nlj Hmnmkc` nlj Fbxzmbx $8??4!- zdaspnpbx srxubqs jaxbcz buajblcb zdnz pxbcasbmq cnpzrxbs zdb `lkvmbjfb zxnlsgassakl gbcdnlasgzdxkrfd alzbxnczakl ngklf mkcnm pxkjrcbxs nlj GLBs, Vb cnl alebx vdk zxnlsebxs zbcdlkmkfabszk vdkg, Krx pnpbx nzzbgpzs zk eamm zdb fnp- rzamayalf eaxgs& sbme'xbpkxzbj jnzn kl crszkgbxsrppmabx xbmnzaklsdaps, Gncdaàzn nlj Rbà $8?>>n nlj 8?>>h! nmsk rzamayb zdb eaxgs sbme'xbpkxzbjcrszkgbxs nlj srppmabxs jnzn zk szrjq zdb `lkvmbjfb emkvs vazdal n srppmq cdnal, Eaxsz-Gncdaàzn nlj Rbà $8?>>n! ealjs zdnz gkxb unxabzabs ke alekxgnzakl mal`nfbs ncdabub gkxb zqpbske allkunzakls sdkvalf ckgpmbgblznxazabs hbzvbbl alzbxlnm nlj btzbxlnm skrxcbs ke `lkvmbjfb,Al'dkrsb X%J nczauazabs- alzbxlnm xbskrxcbs- nlj mal`nfbs vazd mkcnm eaxgs nlj ekxbafl eaxgs pmnqn xkmb al xbjrcalf zdb ckszs ke pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl nlj sbnxcd ckszs ekx ealjalf lbvsrppmabxs nlj crszkgbxs, Sbcklj- Gncdaàzn nlj Rbà $8?>>h! sdkvs eaxgs zdnz jaspnzcdbjblfalbbxs zk crszkgbxs ncdabubj gkxb pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakls zdnl eaxgs zdnz jaj lkz,

Irsz'al'zagb xbmnzaklsdap as beebczaub ekx jbnmalf vazd pxkcbss allkunzakl- hrz srcd szxklfckgpmbgblznxazabs ns Irsz'al'zagb nxb lkz beebczaub ekx pxkjrcz allkunzakl,

Zdb jbubmkpalf bcklkgabs al NSBNL- zdb _XC- nlj Aljan dnub rljbxfklb n gnikxzxnlsekxgnzakl kubx zdb pnsz zdxbb jbcnjbs, Ekxbafl jaxbcz alubszgblz dns fxkvl vdambnffxbfnzb krzprz nlj gnx`bz sayb dnub alcxbnsbj, Jbspazb drfb rxhnl cklfbszakl- az nppbnxszdnz nffmkgbxnzakls ke aljrszxq dnub fxkvl, Zdbsb cdnlfbs al spnzanm bcklkgq dnub hbblncckgpnlabj hq jbcmalalf zxnlspkxz nlj sbxuacb mal` ckszs vazdal nlj ncxkss nffmkgbxnzakls-mbnjalf zk bcklkgac alzbfxnzakl, Ns bcklkgabs alzbfxnzb- eaxgs nlj pmnlzs gnq btzblj zdbaxcdnllbm zk fmkhnm gnx`bzs kx skrxcbs, Nz zdb sngb zagb- bcklkgac alzbfxnzakl dns mbj zk n pxk'ckgpbzazaub beebcz ngklfsz gajjmb'alckgb ckrlzxabs al NSBNL srcd ns Aljklbsan- zdb_damappalbs- Zdnamnlj- nlj Uabz Lng zdnz ckgpbzb vazd mkvbx'pxacb nlj mnxfb dkgb'gnx`bzckrlzxabs srcd ns zdb _XC nlj Aljan, Ns ckgpbzazakl fxkvs vazdal nl alzbfxnzbj bcklkgq- eaxgs

nlj pmnlzs vazd mbss pxkjrczauazq nxb ekxcbj zk btaz nljkx rpfxnjb zk xbgnal pxkeaznhmb, Zdb `bqas aljrszxanm rpfxnjalf zdxkrfd pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakl al jbubmkpalf bcklkgabs-bspbcanmmq ckrlzxabs al NSBNL,

Dkv jk aljrszxabs rpfxnjb al NSBNL ckrlzxabs; Krx ekcrs zk zdas ~rbszakl cklcblzxnzbs klpxkjrczakl mal`nfbs, Ekx alsznlcb- rzamayalf lbzvkx`s nmmkvs aljrszxabs zk srsznal dafdbx mbubms kepxkjrczakl pxkcbssbs nlj pxkeazs, Zdnz as- zdb jbfxbb ke allkunzakl gnq hb btpxbssbj vazdunxqalf jbfxbbs ke gnlnfbgblz pxnczacb kl rzamayalf pxkjrczakl lbzvkx`s, Zdb assrb ke dkv zkbldnlcb allkunzakl cnpnhamazq vazd alzbxlnm nlj btzbxlnm xbskrxcbs al n lbzvkx`bj bcklkgqxbgnals rlskmubj, Zdas bgpaxacnm xbsbnxcd pxkuajbs gacxkbcklkgac buajblcb ke zdb xbmnzaklsdaphbzvbbl allkunzakl nlj mal`nfbs, Zdas exngbvkx` nmsk dbmps zk bunmrnzb prhmac pkmacq xbmnzbj zkaljrszxanm rpfxnjalf al n lbzvkx`bj bcklkgq,

Zdas pnpbx ekcrsbs kl zdb jqlngacs ke zvk'vnq alekxgnzakl emkv exkg jkvlszxbng zk rpszxbng$hnc`vnxj mal`nfb! nlj exkg rpszxbng zk jkvlszxbng $ekxvnxj mal`nfb!, Ae pxkjrczakl pnxzlbxsdnub n fmkhnm gnx`bz nlj `lkvmbjfb- zdbq sbz krz zk sdnxb zdbax zbcdlacnm `lkvmbjfb ke zdbpxkjrczakl pxkcbss- nlj xbspkljblz eaxgs zxq zk gbbz zdb xb~raxbgblz nlj mbnxl kx rpfxnjb, Ekxbtngpmb- jaspnzcdalf blfalbbxs zk pnxzlbxs sbbgs zk hb zbncdalf zdb nczauazabs ekx zdb eaxgs, Aezdbsb eaxgs nxb nhmb zk fnal pxkebssaklnm `lkvmbjfb zdxkrfd pnxzlbxs- zdbl zdb mbnxlalf szxnzbfqas n hbzzbx cdkacb, Zk ajblzaeq vdacd emkvs hbckgb mbnxlalf nlj vdacd hbckgb zbncdalf- jaxbczalekxgnzakl exkg zdb (zbncdbxs( nlj (szrjblzs( as dbmperm, Jrb zk zdb magaznzakls ke zdas pnpbx- az asnssrgbj zdnz zdb zbncdbx xbcbaubs hblbeazs exkg zdb szrjblz, Kl zdb kzdbx dnlj- zdb szrjblz


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buajblcb zk szrjq zdb alekxgnzakl cdnllbms ke pxkjrczauazq fxkvzd ekx palbnppmb enxgbxs alFdnln,

Sbcklj- zdas pnpbx as xbmnzbj zk alzbxlnzaklnm zbcdlkmkfq zxnlsebx, _xkjrczauazq fxkvzd ckrmj jaeebxhbzvbbl eaxgs jbpbljalf kl zdb zqpbs ke pxkjrczakl kx alzbmmbczrnm mal`nfbs zdnz zdbq dnub, Az as

nmsk zxrb zdnz pxkjrczauazq cdnlfbs kl gnx`bz blzxq kx gnx`bz btaz- bspbcanmmq vdbl zdb eaxg asmkcnzbj cblzxnm zk zdb pxkjrczakl lbzvkx`, Faubl zdas sazrnzakl- zdb jblsb lbzvkx` al Bnsz Nsanckrmj pxkuajb n lbv alsafdz alzk cnrsbs nlj cklsb~rblcbs ke alekxgnzakl jaeersakl ngklf mkcnmeaxgs, Zdas pnpbx nags zk szrjq zdb allkunzakl agpnczs ke grzrnm `lkvmbjfb btcdnlfbs ngklfalzbxckllbczbj eaxgs al zdb eabmj ke aljrszxanm jbubmkpgblz,

Zdas pnpbx as nmsk xbmnzbj zk zdb eabmj ke alzbxlnzaklnm zbcdlkmkfq jaeersakl nlj alzbxlnzaklnm`lkvmbjfb pxkjrczakl, @bmmbx $8??:! fnub nl kubxuabv ke zdb cnrsb nlj cklsb~rblcbs kezbcdlkmkfq jaeersakl ncxkss ckrlzxabs, @bxx $8??4- 8?>?! nlj @bxx nlj Malckml $8?>?! szrjabjzdb xkmb ke bzdlac scablzaeac ckggrlazabs al zbcdlkmkfq jaeersakl zk gnzcd bzdlac scablzaszs& lngbsvazd aljauajrnm pnzblz xbckxjs, Alekxgnzakl ke jbgnlj nlj zbcdlkmkfabs ckrmj hb bnsamqbtcdnlfbj hbzvbbl gnlrenczrxbxs nlj srppmabxs vazdal n $alzbxlnzaklnm! pxkjrczakl cdnal- hrzalekxgnzakl btcdnlfbs nxb lkz nmvnqs al (blckjbj( ekxg $_kmnlqa >155- >156!, Ckggrlacnzakl

hbzvbbl eaxgs nlj zdbax pnxzlbxs nxb lkz vbmm encamaznzbj vdbl jbgnlj nlj zbcdlkmkfabs hbckgbckgpmacnzbj, Zdb sngb nppmabs zk `lkvmbjfb pxkjrczakl vazdal ncnjbgan, Eaxsz- zbngpxkjrczakl ncdabubs gkxb cazbj xbsbnxcd zdnl jk aljauajrnms $Vrcdzq- Iklbs- nlj Ryya- 8??6!ncxkss nmm eabmjs ke lnzrxnm scablcb- skcanm scablcb- nlj zdb nxzs nlj drgnlazabs, Sbcklj-zbngvkx` al scablcb as jklb hq lkz klmq grmzarlaubxsazq ckmmnhkxnzakls hrz nmsk szxnzaeabj fxkrps$Vrcdzq- Iklbs- nlj Ryya- 8??4!, Xksblhmnz nlj Gkhars $8??:! szrjabj zdb agpnczs ke zdb xasbke zdb alzbxlbz kl alzbxlnzaklnm ckmmnhkxnzakl,

Zdaxj- zdas pnpbx as xbmnzbj zk kxfnlaynzaklnm bcklkgacs nlj aljrszxanm kxfnlaynzakl al lbzvkx`bjbcklkgabs, Hmkkg nlj unl Xbblbl $8??6! bgpdnsayb zdnz jaeebxblcbs al gnlnfbgblzpxnczacbs pmnq n cxrcanm xkmb al pxkjrczauazq jaspbxsakl vazdal n ckrlzxq nlj ncxkss ckrlzxabs,Hmkkg bz nm, $8?>?! nmsk pxkuajb zdb buajblcb ke gkjbxl gnlnfbgblz pxnczacbs kl pxkjrczauazqrpfxnjalf hq xrllalf n gnlnfbgblz eabmj btpbxagblz kl mnxfb Aljanl zbtzamb eaxgs, Hnsbj klxnljkg nssaflgblz ke pxkuajalf exbb cklsrmzalf kl gnlnfbgblz pxnczacbs- zdbax ealjalfssdkvbj zdnz zxbnzbj enczkxabs lkz klmq ncdabubj pxkjrcz rpfxnjalf hrz vbxb nmsk gkxb pxkeaznhmbzdnl cklzxkm enczkxabs, Zdas szrjq cklcmrjbs zdnz alekxgnzaklnm hnxxabxs cnl btpmnal zdb mnc` kenjkpzakl ke pxkeaznhmb pxnczacbs,

Dkxzncsr nlj Squbxskl $8??1! rsbj zdb agpkxznlcb ke alznlfahmb alprzs- srcd ns gnlnfbxanmkubxsafdz vazdal zdb eaxg- zk sdkv zdnz ubxzacnm kvlbxsdap as lkz rsrnmmq rsbj zk encamaznzb zxnlsebxske fkkjs al zdb pxkjrczakl cdnal, Zdbq cklcmrjbj zdnz zdb cblzxnm gkzaunzakl ekx kvlalfpxkjrczakl cdnals as zdb gkxb beeacablz zxnlsebx ke `lkvmbjfb ke pxkjrczakl nlj alekxgnzakl klgnx`bzs, Zdas gkzaunzakl as cmksbmq xbmnzbj zk zdb cklcbpz ke (njnpzaub kxfnlaynzakl,( Jbssbalnlj Snlzks $8??5! zdbkxbzacnmmq nlnmqyb zdb ckgpmbgblznxazabs hbzvbbl zdb mbubm ke njnpznzaklzk n cdnlfalf bluaxklgblz- ckkxjalnzakl- nlj zdb btzblz ke spbcanmaynzakl, _xkjrczakl cdnals

vazdal eaxgs dbmp zdb eaxg zk ckmmbcz alekxgnzakl kl gnx`bzs nlj rsb az ekx pxkjrczakl- nlj uacbubxsn, Zdbxbekxb- salcb gnlnfbxanm nhamazabs dnub cblzxnmaybj mkcnm alekxgnzakl- zdbsb nhamazabspmnq n `bq xkmb al pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakls vazdal zdb eaxg,


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3, Gkxb pxkjrczaub srppmabxs nmsk xb~raxb dafdbx mbubms ke pxkcbss rpfxnjalf zk ealnm'fkkjpxkjrcbxs ekx blsrxalf nlj gntagayalf zdb gnx`bz sayb,

:, Srppmabxs& alubszgblz al allkunzakl alcxbnsbs ns zdbax gnx`bz sayb alcxbnsbs,

Zdb gnal fknm ke zdas pnpbx as zk zbsz zdbsb ekrx ~rnmaznzaub pxbjaczakls, Krx jnzn sbz- zbszalf

szxnzbfq- nlj bgpaxacnm xbsrmzs nxb faubl al zdb ekmmkvalf sbczakls,

:, JNZN KL EAXGS SBME'XB_KXZBJ CRSZKGBXS NLJSR__MABXS

:,> Sngpmalf- Eaxg Cdnxnczbxaszacs- Aljrszxanm Rpfxnjalf- nljAlekxgnzakl Sdnxalf

Zdb sngpmb aljrszxabs nxb al zdb gnlrenczrxalf sbczkx crxxblzmq kpbxnzalf al jbubmkpalf nljbgbxfalf bcklkgabs, Al Jbcbghbx 8??1- vb cxbnzb n eaxg'mbubm jnzn sbz ekx Aljklbsan- zdb_damappalbs- Zdnamnlj- nlj Uabz Lng, Zdb sngpmb pkprmnzakl as xbszxaczbj zk gbzxkpkmaznl nxbnsal bncd ckrlzxqIn`nxzn- Hkfkx- Jbpk`- Znlfbxnlf- nlj Hb`nsa al Aljklbsan0 Cnuazb- Mnfrln-Hnznlfns- Xaynm- nlj ^rbykl al zdb _damappalbs0 zdb Fxbnzbx Hnlf`k` nxbn al Zdnamnlj0 nlj zdbDnlka nlj Dk Cda Gald Cazq nxbn al Uabz Lng, N zkznm ke 45: eaxgs nfxbbj zk pnxzacapnzb al zdbsrxubq9 >43 eaxgs al Aljklbsan- 8?3 al zdb _damappalbs- >64 al Zdnamnlj- nlj 3?? al Uabz Lng,

Znhmb > pxbsblzs n srggnxq ke eaxg cdnxnczbxaszacs, Zdb nubxnfb nfb ke n eaxg as >5,4 qbnxs-vazd n sznljnxj jbuanzakl ke >3,1 qbnxs, Eaxg sayb nmsk unxabs vajbmq- nubxnfalf 3:? bgpmkqbbs-vazd n sznljnxj jbuanzakl ke :11, Salcb zdb sngpmalf szxnzbfq ckubxs zdb vdkmb aljrszxq al bncdckrlzxq- skgb eaxgs dnub gkxb zdnl 8-??? bgpmkqbbs vdamb kzdbxs dnub mbss zdnl 8?, Ke zdbeaxgs srxubqbj- nppxktagnzbmq 54" nxb mkcnm eaxgs- >2" nxb ikalz ublzrxbs- nlj >6" nxb GLBs,


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>>

Znhmb 89 Srggnxq Sznzaszacs ke _xkjrcz nlj _xkcbss Allkunzakl

Azbg Gbnl Szj, Jbu,

_xkjrcz Allkunzakls

Jbubmkpgblz ke lbv pxkjrcz hnsbj kl btaszalf zbcdlkmkfabs ?,518 ?,:58

Jbubmkpgblz ke lbv pxkjrcz hnsbj kl lbv zbcdlkmkfabs ?,263 ?,:12

Lbv pxkjrcz zk btaszalf gnx`bz ?,4:2 ?,358

Lbv pxkjrcz zk lbv gnx`bz ?,6>8 ?,:23

Rpfxnjalf _xkjrczakl _xkcbss

Jbcxbnsbj jbebczakl ?,686 ?,::5

Jbcxbnsbj alublzkxabs ?,24? ?,:1:

Jbcxbnsbj gnzbxanms ?,2?5 ?,2??

Xbjrcbj mnhkx alprzs ?,33: ?,:68

Xbjrcbj mbnj zagb ?,2?3 ?,2??

Alcxbnsbj jkgbszac gnx`bz ?,5?5 ?,:41

Alcxbnsbj ekxbafl gnx`bz ?,32? ?,:66

Xbjrcbj pkmmrzakl ?,5>8 ?,:44

Lkzb9Szj,Jbu, al zdas znhmb srffbszs sznljnxj jbuanzakl ke zdb sngpmb,

Skrxcb9 BXAN Bsznhmasdgblz Srxubq 8??1,

Nmgksz 6?" ke zdb eaxgs jbubmkp lbv pxkjrczs hnsbj kl btaszalf zbcdlkmkfabs- vdamb 26" rzamayblbv zbcdlkmkfabs, Zdas srffbszs zdnz az as gkxb jaeeacrmz zk allkunzb vazd lbv zbcdlkmkfabs,Bafdzq'eaub pbxcblz ke eaxgs nxb nhmb zk sbmm lbv pxkjrczs zk zdb btaszalf gnx`bz- vdamb 6>" sbmmlbv pxkjrczs zk lbv gnx`bzs, Zdas nmsk agpmabs zdnz cxbnzalf lbv gnx`bzs as jaeeacrmz nlj ckszmq,Zdb sazrnzakl ke pxkcbss allkunzakls as gkxb jaubxsb, Zdb pxktabs ke pxkcbss allkunzakl xnlfbsexkg xbjrczakl ke jbebczs- jbcxbnsb al alublzkxabs zk xbjrczakl ke pkmmrzakl, Vb dnub ekmmkvalfbafdz zqpbs ke pxkcbss agpxkubgblz9 $a! 68" ke sngpmb eaxgs xbjrcbj exnczakl jbebczaub- $aa! 24"ke eaxgs jbcxbnsbj alublzkxabs- $aaa! 2?" ke eaxgs jbcxbnsbj gnzbxanms ekx alprz- $au! 33" ke eaxgsxbjrcbj mnhkx alprz- $u! 2?" ke eaxgs xbjrcbj mbnj zagb- $ua! 5?" ke eaxgs alcxbnsbj jkgbszacgnx`bz sayb- $uaa! 32" ke eaxgs alcxbnsbj btpkxz gnx`bz sayb- nlj $uaaa! 5>" ke eaxgs xbjrcbjpkmmrzakl,

Znhmb 3 srffbszs zdnz eaxgs btcdnlfb alekxgnzakl ngklf pxkjrczakl pnxzlbxs ekx aljrszxanmrpfxnjalf, Njkpzakl ke lbv zbcdlkmkfabs nlj agpxkubgblz ke kxfnlaynzaklnm pxnczacbs-pnxzacrmnxmq zbcdlkmkfq zxnlsebx- nxb gkxb ma`bmq zk dnppbl al xbspklsb zk zdb jbgnljs ke zdb

btzbxlnm bluaxklgblz, Eaxsz- 2:" ke eaxgs njkpz blfalbbxs exkg zdbax gnal crszkgbx0 :3" keeaxgs sblj blfalbbxs zk zdbax gnal crszkgbx, Zkznm ~rnmazq gnlnfbgblz as klb ke zdb alcblzaubsekx grzrnm `lkvmbjfb emkvs hbzvbbl eaxgs, Zvblzq'bafdz pbxcblz ke eaxgs nxb pxkuajbj vazd~rnmazq cklzxkm hq zdbax crszkgbx- nlj crszkgbxs pxkuajb cksz cklzxkm ekx 6" ke eaxgs0 :6" keeaxgs pxkuajb ~rnmazq cklzxkm zk crszkgbxs, Zdaxzq pbxcblz ke eaxgs nxb fxnlzbj n macblsb hq zdbaxcrszkgbx0 35" ke eaxgs fxnlz n macblsb zk zdbax crszkgbxs, Ekxzq'zdxbb pbxcblz ke eaxgs nxbxb~raxbj zk hb ASK ckgpmanlz hq zdbax crszkgbxs0 nmgksz 32" ke eaxgs xb~raxb crszkgbxs zk dnubhb ASK ckgpmanlz, Eaezq'eaub pbxcblz ke eaxgs ekxg ikalz ublzrxbs vazd crszkgbxs,


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>3

:,8 _xkjrczakl _nxzlbx Cdnxnczbxaszacs- Mkcnzakl- nlj NsskxznzaubGnzcdalf

Znhmb : pxbsblzs zdb cdnxnczbxaszacs nlj mkcnzakl ke crszkgbxs nlj srppmabxs, _xkjrczakl

pnxzlbxs nxb cmnssaeabj ns mkcnm eaxgs- ikalz'ublzrxb eaxgs- nlj GLBs, Ealjalfs sdkv zdnz gkxbzdnl 8?" ke xbspkljblzs sbmm pxkjrczs zk GLBs- alcmrjalf GLBs al ekxbafl ckrlzxabs, Gkxb zdnl>5" ke xbspkljblzs sbmm pxkjrczs zk ikalz ublzrxbs- nlj gkxb zdnl 52" ke xbspkljblzs dnubmkcnm crszkgbxs, Gkxb zdnl 6?" ke eaxgs sbmm zdbax pxkjrczs vazdal zdbsb ekrx ckrlzxabs $>6,82"ke xbspkljblzs dnub crszkgbxs al Aljklbsan- >2,2>" dnub crszkgbxs al zdb _damappalbs->>,18" dnub crszkgbxs al Zdnamnlj- nlj 82,51" dnub crszkgbxs al Uabz Lng!, Znhmb : nmsksrffbszs zdnz crszkgbxs al Inpnl- zdb RS- nlj Brxkpb dnub n srhsznlzanm sdnxb al Bnsz Nsan,Zdb zkznm sdnxb ke Inpnl $2,51"!- zdb RS $5,82"!- nlj Brxkpb $:,53"! as >6,26", Zdbq pmnq nlagpkxznlz xkmb al cxbnzalf fmkhnm unmrb cdnals al zdbsb ekrx ckrlzxabs,

Kl zdb srppmabx sajb- Znhmb : sdkvs zdnz gkxb zdnl 8?" ke xbspkljblzs hrq alzbxgbjanzb alprzsexkg GLBs- alcmrjalf GLBs al ekxbafl ckrlzxabs- gkxb zdnl >1" ke xbspkljblzs pxkcrxb exkg

ikalz ublzrxbs- nlj gkxb zdnl 5>" ke xbspkljblzs dnub mkcnm srppmabxs, Zdb mkcnzakl pnzzbxl ke

srppmabxs as ~razb unxabj, Gkxb zdnl 5:" ke eaxgs hrq alzbxgbjanzb alprzs exkg srppmabxs vazdalzdbsb ekrx ckrlzxabs $>5,56" ke xbspkljblzs dnub srppmabxs al Aljklbsan- >8,63" dnubsrppmabxs al zdb _damappalbs- >?,44" dnub srppmabxs al Zdnamnlj- nlj 83,4:" dnub srppmabxs alUabz Lng!, Srppmabxs al Inpnl- zdb _XC- nlj zdb Xbprhmac ke @kxbn pmnq nl agpkxznlz xkmb algn`alf n fmkhnm unmrb cdnal vazdal Bnsz Nsan, Srppmabxs al zdb RS nlj Brxkpb dnub nsrhsznlzanm sdnxb vazdal Bnsz Nsan, Al srggnxq- Znhmb : sdkvs zdnz nz mbnsz klb'zdaxj ke eaxgs aljbubmkpalf bcklkgabs al Bnsz Nsan dnub ckggazzbj zk n fmkhnm hrqbxsbmmbx lbzvkx`- a,b,- nfmkhnm unmrb cdnal,


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>:

Znhmb :9 Cdnxnczbxaszacs nlj Mkcnzakl ke _xkjrczakl _nxzlbxs

Azbg

Crszkgbx Srppmabx

Lrghbx " Lrghbx "

GLB >62 8?,82 >4> 8?,12

Ikalz ublzrxb >31 >5,?1 >56 >1,33

Aljklbsan >:1 >6,82 >:: >5,56

_damappalbs >3: >2,2> >>? >8,63

Zdnamnlj >?3 >>,18 1: >?,44

Uabz Lng 888 82,51 8?5 83,4:

_XC 4 ?,13 :1 2,56

Inpnl :4 2,25 6? 4,>?

Xbprhmac ke @kxbn >> >,86 >1 8,8?

Aljan 3 ?,32 8 ?,83

Nrszxnman nlj Lbv Ybnmnlj 5 ?,51 2 ?,24

Rlazbj Sznzbs 2: 5,82 8? 8,3>

Brxkpb :? :,53 81 3,35

Kzdbx 45 ?,>? >>5 ?,>3

Zkznm 45: 45:

Lkzbs9 GLB 7 grmzalnzaklnm blzbxpxasb- _XC 7 _bkpmb&s Xbprhmac ke Cdaln,



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>2

Ealnmmq- Znhmb 2 sdkvs pxkjrczakl pnxzlbxs skxzbj hq zqpb ke xbspkljblz eaxgs- zdbax gnalcrszkgbxs- nlj zdbax gnal srppmabxs, Gkxb zdnl 66" ke GLBs vazd GLB crszkgbxs dnub GLBsrppmabxs, Kl zdb kzdbx dnlj- gkxb zdnl 64" ke mkcnm eaxgs vazd mkcnm crszkgbxs nmsk dnub mkcnmsrppmabxs, Zdas cmbnxmq srffbszs zdnz zdbxb as sagpmb nlj szxklf nsskxznzaub gnzcdalf hq zqpbs keeaxgs srcd ns GLB- ikalz ublzrxb- nlj mkcnm eaxg,

Znhmb 29 Skxzalf _xkjrczakl Mal`nfbs hbzvbbl Fmkhnm nlj Mkcnm Srppmq Cdnals

Srppmabx Zqpb

XbspkljblzZqpb

CrszkgbxZqpb

GLBIkalz

Ublzrxb Mkcnm

GLB

Zkznm ?,5?2 ?,>16 ?,>2>

GLB ?,66: ?,>:? ?,?62

Ikalz Ublzrxb ?,326 ?,26> ?,?6>

Mkcnm ?,36? ?,?36 ?,2>1

IkalzUblzrxb

Zkznm ?,8:? ?,:4? ?,838

GLB ?,256 ?,833 ?,>56

Ikalz Ublzrxb ?,?21 ?,453 ?,?64

Mkcnm ?,86? ?,>41 ?,2:>

Mkcnm

Zkznm ?,>?> ?,>3? ?,6?2

GLB ?,851 ?,>63 ?,224

Ikalz Ublzrxb ?,?43 ?,:2? ?,:56

Mkcnm ?,?45 ?,?41 ?,643

Lkzb9 GLB 7 grmzalnzaklnm blzbxpxasb,


2, ALEKXGNZAKL EMKVS VAZDAL N FMKHNM SR__MQ CDNAL

Zdb agpnczs ke btcdnlfbs ke vkx`bxs nlj zbcdlkmkfq zxnlsebx kl allkunzakls nxb jbscxahbj al

zdas sbczakl, Zdb alzbxlnm beebczs ke zdb jbzbxgalnlz ke pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakls nxbjascrssbj al kxjbx zk rljbxsznlj zdb `lkvmbjfb emkv zdxkrfd rpszxbngjkvlszxbng pxkjrczaklmal`nfbs, Eaxsz- btcdnlfalf blfalbbxs- zxnalbxs- nlj zxnalbbs ckrmj szagrmnzb `lkvmbjfb emkvhnsbj kl encb'zk'encb ckggrlacnzakl- nlj zdas nppbnxs zk hb zdb cnsb, Zdas btpbxablcbunmajnzbs zdb agpkxznlcb ke encb'zk'encb ckggrlacnzakl, Zbcdlkmkfq zxnlsebx ckrmj xb~raxb encb'zk'encb ckggrlacnzakl hbzvbbl srppmabxs nlj crszkgbxs, Salcb zdas pnpbx nags zk ekcrs klzncaz `lkvmbjfb btcdnlfb agpnczs ke pxkjrcz nlj pxkcbss allkunzakls- jaxbcz alekxgnzakl emkvzdxkrfd rpszxbngjkvlszxbng mal`nfbs as cklsajbxbj, Hbekxb bszagnzalf zdb agpncz ke


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>6

Znhmb 59 Jbzbxgalnlzs ke Xbspkljblzs Xb~rbsz zk zdb Srppmabx $_xkhaz Gkjbm-Gnxfalnm Beebczs!

$>! $8! $3! $:! $2! $5!

Xbspkljblz SrppmabxXb~raxb

ASKFxnlz

Macblsb_xkuajb^rnmazq

JaspnzcdBlfalbbxs

JaspnzcdZxnalbxs

JaspnzcdZxnalbbs

Gnal crszkgbx as GLB ?,>81) '?,?:: ?,?2? $?,?:2! ?,?:1 '?,?:2

P?,?26W P?,?:1W P?,?23W P?,?58W P?,?22W P?,?28W

Gnal crszkgbx as Ikalz Ublzrxb ?,>58)) ?,??> ?,?>4 ?,?41 ?,?8 ?,?33

P?,?5>W P?,?28W P?,?26W P?,?52W P?,?24W P?,?25W

Gnal srppmabx as GLB ?,>26)) ?,?:? ?,?>5 ?,?24 '?,?36 ?,?55P?,?25W P?,?23W P?,?2>W P?,?5?W P?,?2>W P?,?2:W

Gnal srppmabx as Ikalz Ublzrxb ?,8>2)) ?,>52)) ?,?83 ?,?51 ?,?25 ?,?6

P?,?22W P?,?25W P?,?2:W P?,?5:W P?,?22W P?,?22W

Lrghbx ke khsbxunzakls 484 484 484 484 484 484

Lkzbs9 ASK 7 njkpzakl ke alzbxlnzaklnm sznljnxj- GLB 7 grmzalnzaklnm blzbxpxasb, Xkhrsz sznljnxj bxxkxs al s~rnxbhxnc`bzs, + saflaeacnlz nz >?"0 ) saflaeacnlz nz 2"0 )) saflaeacnlz nz >", Kzdbx cklzxkm unxanhmbs nxb X%J nczauazabs0 nfb0mkcnm0 ikalz ublzrxb0 lrghbx ke bgpmkqbbs0 zdxbb zqpbs ke aljrszxabs srcd ns mafdz- gnzbxanm- nlj gncdalbxq0 nlj ekrxckrlzxq jrggq unxanhmbs,


Znhmb 6 sdkvs zdb janflkszacs ekx zdb nhkub xbsrmzs, Az sdbjs mafdz kl zdb xbmnzaklsdap hbzvbblallkunzakl nlj ckmmnhkxnzakl ncxkss eaxgs vazd spbcaeabj alekxgnzakl vazdal n salfmb pxkjrczaklcdnal- pxbsblzalf spammkubx beebczs exkg jkvlszxbng zk rpszxbng eaxgs vazdspbcaeabj ckunxanzbske mkcnzakls ke eaxgs sbme'xbpkxzbj gnal crszkgbxs nlj gnal srppmabxs, Bgpaxacnm ealjalfs exkgckmrgl > ke Znhmb 6 srffbsz zdnz xbspkljblz eaxgs xb~raxb ASK ckgpmanlcb ke zdbax srppmabxs aezdb eaxg&s crszkgbxs nxb al zdb _XC, Zdas as nmsk zxrb ekx eaxgs vazd Inpnlbsb srppmabxs, Kl zdbkzdbx dnlj- eaxgs jk lkz xb~raxb zdbax srppmabxs zk dnub ASK ckgpmanlcb ae zdb eaxg&s crszkgbxsnxb al Cnghkjan- Mnk _bkpmb&s Jbgkcxnzac Xbprhmac $Mnk _JX!- kx Gqnlgnx, Ckmrgl 8 keZnhmb 6 sdkvs eaxgs jk lkz fxnlz macblsb zk zdbax gnal srppmabx ae zdb eaxg&s crszkgbxs nxb al zdbXbprhmac ke @kxbn, Ckmrgl 3 ke Znhmb 6 srffbszs zdnz eaxgs pxkuajb ~rnmazq gnlnfbgblz zk zdbaxgnal srppmabx ae zdb eaxg&s crszkgbxs nxb al zdb RS, Ckmrgl : ke Znhmb 6 srffbszs zdnz eaxgsjaspnzcd blfalbbxs zk zdbax srppmabxs ae zdbq dnub crszkgbxs al zdb _XC- Aljan- Inpnl- Gnmnqsan-

nlj Salfnpkxb, Ealnmmq- ckmrgl 5 ke Znhmb 6 srffbszs zdnz eaxgs jaspnzcd zxnalbbs zk zdbaxsrppmabxs ae zdbq dnub crszkgbxs al Inpnl,


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8?

Znhmb 19 Jbzbxgalnlz ke Xbspkljblz Xb~rbsz zk Crszkgbx $_xkhaz Gkjbm- GnxfalnmBeebczs!

$>! $8! $3! $:! $2! $5!

CrszkgbxXbspkljblz Xb~raxbASK

FxnlzMacblsb

_xkuajb^rnmazq

JaspnzcdBlfalbbxs

JaspnzcdZxnalbxs

JaspnzcdZxnalbbs

Srppmabx mkcnzbj al

Salfnpkxb kx Gnmnqsan ?,?4: ?,>>:+ ?,>53) ?,?6> '?,?1 ?,?42

P?,?53W P?,?55W P?,?52W P?,?68W P?,?66W P?,?58W

_bkpmb&s Xbprhmac ke Cdaln '?,?31 '?,?5: '?,?8: ?,?42+ '?,?:8 '?,?6?+

P?,?:5W P?,?:3W P?,?:5W P?,?2?W P?,?23W P?,?36W

Inpnl ?,?3: ?,?:: '?,?5: ?,?16+ ?,>38) '?,??8

P?,?:6W P?,?:1W P?,?2?W P?,?26W P?,?5>W P?,?:>W

Xbprhmac ke @kxbn ?,?88 ?,835)) '?,?>: '?,?25 '?,>?2 '?,?18+

P?,?65W P?,?4?W P?,?43W P?,?12W P?,?18W P?,?22W

Znapba-Cdaln '?,?51 '?,?8> ?,?22 ?,?88 ?,?5> '?,??:

P?,?2:W P?,?26W P?,?5?W P?,?54W P?,?51W P?,?:1W

Aljan ?,?:3 '?,>?> '?,>>: '?,824) ?,?35 '?,?34

P?,>?1W P?,?41W P?,>?>W P?,>>3W P?,>?4W P?,?66W

Rlazbj Sznzbs '?,?65 ?,?2? ?,>3?+ ?,?14 ?,?13 ?,>?>

P?,?52W P?,?61W P?,?66W P?,?4?W P?,?66W P?,?62W

Brxkpbnl Rlakl ?,?:? '?,?:6 ?,?:1 ?,?11 ?,?16 '?,?25

P?,?22W P?,?2?W P?,?2:W P?,?5>W P?,?58W P?,?:>W

Gnal crszkgbx mkcnzbj al

_bkpmb&s Xbprhmac ke Cdaln ?,86>+ ?,324) ?,??4 '?,?38 '?,>>6 '?,>:1+

P?,>26W P?,>5>W P?,>4?W P?,8>?W P?,>18W P?,?44W

Inpnl ?,>?5 '?,?28 ?,?3? ?,??1 ?,?42 ?,?6:

P?,?4>W P?,?65W P?,?42W P?,?15W P?,?13W P?,?61W

Xbprhmac ke @kxbn ?,>?3 '?,>6: '?,858) ?,?22 ?,?68 ?,?:5

P?,>::W P?,>>4W P?,>3?W P?,>23W P?,>15W P?,>:>W

Rlazbj Sznzbs '?,?85 '?,?45 '?,??> '?,>82 '?,>>8 '?,?18

P?,?6:W P?,?63W P?,?4>W P?,?4>W P?,?45W P?,?21W

Brxkpbnl Rlakl ?,>3? '?,?5? '?,?61 ?,?63 ?,?8> ?,?31

P?,?1:W P?,?43W P?,?4:W P?,?14W P?,>?:W P?,?4>W


Lkzbs9 ASK 7 njkpzakl ke alzbxlnzaklnm sznljnxj, Xkhrsz sznljnxj bxxkxs al s~rnxb hxnc`bzs, + saflaeacnlz nz >?"0 )saflaeacnlz nz 2"0 )) saflaeacnlz nz >", Kzdbx cklzxkm unxanhmbs nxb X%J nczauazabs0 nfb0 mkcnm0 ikalz ublzrxb0 lrghbx kebgpmkqbbs0 zdxbb zqpbs ke aljrszxabs srcd ns mafdz- gnzbxanm- nlj gncdalbxq0 nlj ekrx ckrlzxq jrggq unxanhmbs,



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5, _XKJRCZ ALLKUNZAKL VAZDAL N FMKHNM SR__MQCDNAL

Vb jbzbcz n eaxg&s `lkvmbjfb pxkjrczakl erlczakl rsalf zdb bszagnzbj b~rnzakl- nlj xbfxbss

allkunzakl zk zdb pxktq ke `lkvmbjfb emkvs- ns ekmmkvs9

aaaa rtYq +++77 !_x$ >

vdbxb qas zdb krzckgb ke pxkjrcz allkunzakl ekx bncd eaxg $a! mkcnzbj al bncd ckrlzxq $c!-nlj ncxkss'sbczaklnm bxxkx zbxg as sdkvl hq r, Zk sagpmq xbfxbss allkunzakl krzckgb zk ckunxanzbs-ekcrs as faubl kl zdb bszagnzbj ckbeeacablz ke Y ns zdb jbfxbb ke allkunzakl gnlnfbgblzzbcdlkmkfq ncxkss eaxgs, Vb pxbsblz bgpaxacnm ealjalfs exkg crszkgbx $srppmabx!'jxaubl pxkjrczsnlj pxkcbss allkunzakl,

5,> Ekxbafl Crszkgbx' nlj Srppmabx'Jxaubl _xkjrcz Allkunzakl

Hkzd ke Znhmbs >? nlj >> sdkv zdb beebczs ke zdb cdnxnczbxaszacs ke crszkgbxs nlj srppmabxs klaljrszxanm rpfxnjalf ekx xbspkljblz eaxgs vazdal n fmkhnm srppmq cdnal, Ns n pxbuakrs sbczaklsdkvbj zdb xbmnzaklsdap hbzvbbl n pxkjrczakl pnxzlbxs cdnxnczbxaszacs nlj alekxgnzakl emkvsexkg jkvlszxbng $rpszxbng! zk rpszxbng $jkvlszxbng! eaxgs- vb btpbcz zdnz crszkgbxs kxsrppmabxs al ekxbafl ckrlzxabs hxalf alekxgnzakl zk xbspkljblz eaxgs al Aljklbsan- zdb _damappalbs-Zdnamnlj- nlj Uabz Lng,

Zdb jbpbljblz unxanhmb as b~rnm zk > ae bncd xbspkljblz eaxg ncdabubs pxkjrcz allkunzakls, Vbdnub sat jaeebxblz zqpbs ke pxkjrcz allkunzakls9 $a! jbubmkpgblz ke lbv pxkjrczs hnsbj kl lbvzbcdlkmkfabs- $aa! lbv pxkjrcz zk lbv gnx`bz- $aaa! lbv pxkjrcz zk jkgbszac gnx`bz- $au! lbv

pxkjrcz zk NSBNL gnx`bz- $u! lbv pxkjrcz zk gnx`bz al Bnsz Nsan- nlj $ua! lbv pxkjrcz zk RSnljkx Brxkpbnl Rlakl $BR! gnx`bz, Zdb gnal btpmnlnzkxq unxanhmbs nxb zdb ckrlzxq ke zdbcrszkgbx nlj srppmabx, Zdb zdbkxbzacnm exngbvkx` srffbszs zdnz srcd alekxgnzakl emkv exkgcrszkgbxs ckrmj szagrmnzb mbnxlalf nlj allkunzakl pxkcbssbs ekx bncd eaxg rzamayalf pxkjrczaklmal`nfbs, Zdb gnxfalnm beebczs nxb pxbsblzbj al Znhmb >?,

Vb vamm mkk` nz zdb bgpaxacnm xbsrmzs ke zdb agpnczs ke crszkgbxs hq crszkgbx mkcnzakl, Nsxbpkxzbj al Znhmb >?- zdb pksazaub agpnczs ke GLB nlj ikalz'ublzrxb srppmabxs nxb sznzaszacnmmqsaflaeacnlz al alzxkjrcalf lbv pxkjrczs hnsbj kl lbv zbcdlkmkfq ekx xbspkljblz eaxgs $ckmrgl >ke Znhmb >?!, Zdb agpnczs ke GLB srppmabxs nxb sznzaszacnmmq saflaeacnlz al alzxkjrcalf lbvpxkjrczs zk lbv gnx`bzs, Kl zdb kzdbx dnlj- xbspkljblzs nxb lkz ma`bmq zk alzxkjrcb lbvpxkjrczs zk jkgbszac gnx`bzs ae zdbq dnub GLB kx ikalz'ublzrxb crszkgbxs, Zdas agpmabs gnx`bzsbfgblznzakl hbzvbbl eaxgs xbmnzbj zk ekxbafl ckgpnlabs nlj eaxgs vazdkrz nlq pxkjrczaklmal`nfbs vazd ekxbafl ckgpnlabs, Eaxgs nxb ma`bmq zk alzxkjrcb lbv fkkjs zk NSBNL gnx`bzs aezdbq dnub GLB crszkgbxs kx ikalz'ublzrxb srppmabxs, Ae xbspkljblzs dnub GLB crszkgbxs- zdbqzblj zk alzxkjrcb lbv fkkjs zk Bnsz Nsanl gnx`bzs, Ealnmmq- xbspkljblzs nxb ma`bmq zk alzxkjrcblbv pxkjrczs zk zdb RS nljkx BR gnx`bzs ae zdbq dnub GLB kx ikalz'ublzrxb crszkgbxs,


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82

Znhmb >89 Agpnczs ke AlprzKrzprz Mal`nfbs vazdal Ckrlzxabs al NSBNL kl_xkjrcz Allkunzakl nlj Gnx`bz Btpmkxnzakl $_xkhaz Gkjbm- Gnxfalnm Beebczs!

$>! $8! $3! $:! $2! $5!

Jbpbljblz unxanhmbs9 _xkjrczAllkunzakl nlj Gnx`bz Btpmkxnzakl$Qbs+Lk!

Hnsbj klLbv Zbcd

Zk LbvGnx`bz

ZkJkgbszac

Gnx`bz

ZkNSBNLGnx`bz

Zk BnszNsanlGnx`bz

Zk RS kxBrxkpbGnx`bz

Crszkgbx al

Aljklbsan ?,?:3 '?,?82 '?,??2 ?,>?6+ '?,??2 '?,?12))

P?,?64W P?,?51W P?,?4>W P?,?5>W P?,?>2W P?,?>4W

_damappalbs '?,?48 '?,?>1 ?,?14 ?,??: '?,?8?) '?,?28)

P?,?52W P?,?22W P?,?53W P?,?38W P?,??4W P?,?82W

Zdnamnlj ?,>8>) '?,?>: ?,?12+ ?,??2 ?,?3 '?,?24)

P?,?25W P?,?28W P?,?26W P?,?3?W P?,?8>W P?,?83W

Uabz Lng ?,>8> ?,>45)) '?,?4: ?,?63 ?,??8 ?,??4

P?,?44W P?,?58W P?,?13W P?,?:1W P?,?>:W P?,?28W

Srppmabx al

Aljklbsan ?,??8 ?,>>2) ?,?>8 '?,?> '?,??5 ?,?38

P?,?43W P?,?2:W P?,?64W P?,?32W P?,?>8W P?,?::W

_damappalbs ?,>?: ?,?18+ ?,?55 ?,??8 ?,?81 '?,?5>)

P?,?62W P?,?2:W P?,?6:W P?,?33W P?,?82W P?,?8:W

Zdnamnlj '?,>56)) '?,?68 ?,?63 ?,?>4 '?,??: '?,?::)

P?,?26W P?,?28W P?,?28W P?,?85W P?,?>?W P?,?88W

Uabz Lng ?,??1 ?,?62 ?,?3> '?,?5:+ ?,??1 ?,?51

P?,?16W P?,?4>W P?,?12W P?,?36W P?,?>4W P?,?::W


Lkzbs9 NSBNL 7 Zdb Nsskcanzakl ke Skrzdbnsz Nsanl Lnzakls- BR 7 Brxkpbnl Rlakl- GLB 7 grmzalnzaklnm blzbxpxasb- RS7 Rlazbj Sznzbs, Xkhrsz sznljnxj bxxkxs al s~rnxb hxnc`bzs, + saflaeacnlz nz >?"0 ) saflaeacnlz nz 2"0 )) saflaeacnlz nz >",Kzdbx cklzxkm unxanhmbs nxb X%J nczauazabs0 nfb0 mkcnm0 ikalz ublzrxb0 lrghbx ke bgpmkqbbs0 zdxbb zqpbs ke aljrszxabs srcdns mafdz- gnzbxanm- nlj gncdalbxq0 nlj ekrx ckrlzxq jrggq unxanhmbs,



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Impact of Production Linkages on Industrial Upgrading in ASEAN, the People’s Republic of China,...

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