Impact of Government Intervention in Online Channels
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Impact of Government Intervention in Online Channels
David WarwickThe Internet Show – Melbourne
30 April 2012
@drwarwick
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Experience. Capability. Technology bwired.com.auExperience. Capability. Technology bwired.com.au
Structure and HistoryGovernment Intervention 101 – Censorship
Source: http://www.thebigstinkguide.com/
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Structure and HistoryA (partial) World View
Source: Facebook
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Structure and HistoryPolitical Map – By Online Censorship
Source: Reporters without Borders and OpenNet Initiative (via Wikipedia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_by_country
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Structure and HistoryTypes of Intervention
PROPAGANDADoS attacks, Content modification, Controlled channels
BLOCKINGFull (physical) blocking, IP blocking
FILTERINGDNS filtering, URL string filtering, Packet filtering
MONITORINGFire-hose monitoring, Public channel monitoring
OTHER INTERVENTION CONSIDERATIONSOver-blocking, Under-blocking, Content Vs Channel
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Structure and HistoryExtreme Intervention – Exhibit A
SAMPLE ACTIVITYDoS attacksContent modificationControlled channelsContent fabricationArrest (or worse)Subversive sites / tools
Source: NASA Satellite image – 2003 (Korean Peninsula)
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Structure and HistoryExtreme Intervention – Exhibit B (Golden Shield)
Source: Jeffrey Knockel, University of New Mexicohttp://news.unm.edu/2011/09/unm-research-team-presents-paper-on-chinese-surveillance-and-censorship/
Chinese Censorship – Categorization SpreadCensored memes – long tail
EffectivenessMost effective when list is secret
Peer-to-peer V Client serverChannel difference (Skype V Twitter)
NeologismsCensors follow changing use
Collateral damageOver-blocking V Under-blocking
Where is the content line?Fcuk | Tibet | Tian’anmen | Hold the microphone | 4 Jun 89 | 64 | 8-squared …
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Structure and HistoryOf course it couldn’t happen in the developed world …
North KoreaOnly 4% have Internet access, blogging is banned, all content is Government moderated.
IranAnyone who has a personal page or blog must register with Ministry of Art and Culture.
ChinaMonitors web and email, blocks sites, erases inconvenient content.
SyriaDetains citizens for expressing opinion that could ‘jeopardize national unity’.
VietnamAgency monitored. Government has asked Google and Microsoft for personal details.
TurkmenistanGovernment owns only ISP, bans many news sites and charges exorbitant access fees.
Other extreme Government intervention includesTunisia, Saudi Arabia, Cuba, Burma … (USA?, Australia?)
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Structure and HistorySOPA / PIPA
Source: © SAKIMICHAN from Deviant Art http://www.deviantart.com/
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Structure and HistoryStop Online Piracy Act HR 3261 (SOPA) – Summary
Sources:http://sopablackout.org/judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/112%20HR%203261.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act
The GoodBan business with websites hosting copyright material or counterfeit goods.Prevent search engines listing sites that breech copyright or counterfeit goods.Ban ISPs from allowing user access to embargoed sites.Increase penalties for streaming copyright material on the internet.SOPA also covers foreign websites that breech copyright or sell counterfeit goods.
The BadSOPA allows the government to block any foreign website.Allows suits merely for features make it possible to post infringed content.Posting or sharing copyright content is deemed a criminal offense.Bill makes those who don’t understand the law guilty of ‘willful infringement’.
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Structure and HistorySOPA Protest – 18 January 2012
Source: Wikipedia
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Structure and HistorySOPA on ice? Now Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
Sources www.propublica.org http://www.onlineroar.com/2012/02/sopa-and-acta-where-are-they-now.html
Outcomes- Rallying of ‘silent majority’- Underlying ‘agenda’ exposed- Congress sentiment shifted- SOPA shelved- Shift to ACTA international agenda
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Structure and HistoryFiltering Australia
Source: http://www.perthnow.com.au/
ACTA participant | Filter Proposal | History of ‘manipulation’
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Structure and HistoryWhat would you filter Stephen?
Source: http://delimiter.com.au/2012/02/28/conroy-misleads-public-on-internet-filter/ (Image: Kim Davies | Comments: Renai LeMay)
Filter- <1,000 sites blacklisted by Interpol- 1,370 sites on initial ACMA list- 2,395 sites contained on ‘leaked list’- 10,000 sites, when a review would occur- 50,000 sites, the anticipated filter capacity
“We are talking about a filtering scheme here which is being implemented behind closed doors, with little notification to customers, no civilian oversight, an unclear legal framework, the potential for scope creep and a limited and secretive appeals process overseen by the agency which drew up the list to start with.” Renai LeMay
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Structure and HistoryOur own ‘protest’ (of a sort)
Sources:http://delimiter.com.au/Illust: Purple Hat Munchkin … http://www.purplefae.com/http://loonpond.blogspot.com.au/http://www.gizmodo.com.au/
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Structure and HistorySome more (because you just can’t stop at 4) …
Sources:http://www.efa.org.au/2010/06/http://ausfailia.wordpress.com/category/the-internet/
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Structure and HistoryDemocracy – the proven (pre-web) structure …
GovernmentLegislature
CourtsJudiciary
PoliceEnforcement
PressFree speech
CitizensRights and responsibilities
Separation of powers and established practiceDoes proposed Australian and US action relating to online channels maintain structural democratic integrity?
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Structure and HistoryAbuse of Internet Censorship
Source: BBC and Global Post (www.globalpost.com)
Palestinian minister quits over Internet censorshipFriday, 27 April 2012
Abu Daqa (the Palestinian Communications Minister) resigned late Thursday, and revealed that the Palestinian Attorney General had ordered Palestinian Internet Service Providers to block access to at least eight websites critical of the President Mahmoud Abbas (pictured).
Internet V Other Electronic MediaWe accept an inherent control contradiction
Where is the line …– Monitoring public content?– Prescribing allowable public content?– Creating public perception?– Monitoring private interaction?– Secret policy and process on control?– Secret interrogation?– No dissent allowed?
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Structure and HistoryMonitoring V Filtering – ‘Listening Post’ Model
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ENDDavid Warwick
Director of Technology and Services
[email protected]: 0411 411 555P: 1300 780 566
@drwarwickApril 2012