Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission€¦ · A National Food Security Mission...

1

Sushasan Bhawan

Bhadbada Square, T.T Nagar Bhopal (M.P.) - 462003

Email: [email protected], Web: www.aiggpa.mp.gov.in

Study on

Impact Assessment of National Food

Security Mission

(Implemented in Madhya Pradesh)

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Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis i

Study Team

Akhilesh Argal, Team leader Gaurav Agrawal, Task Manager


Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis ii

Table of Contents

S.no. Page Nos.

1. Study Team i

2. Table of Contents ii

3. Acknowledgement iii

4. Chapter One : Introduction 1-6

5. Chapter Two : Methodology 7-11

6. Chapter Three : Data Analysis 12-22

7. Chapter Four : Findings and Recommendations 23-26

8. Annexure: Tables 27-32


Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis iii

Acknowledgement

Today, we feel relieved and satisfied as we could successfully complete the study on

‘Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission (Implemented in Madhya

Pradesh)’. But the study would have not have seen the light of the day had we not got

support from various quarters. So, at this juncture, we wish to acknowledge personal

and practical support provided by numerous people. The task was gigantic and we

faltered on calculating the time but the will prevailed. Thus, our sincere gratitude goes

to all of our colleagues in the School particularly our Director (Governance) Sri Akhilesh

Argal, for their inspiration, guidance and encouragements at various stages of the work.

The support staffs of the School were equally helpful throughout the study and

deserved to be acknowledged.

To start with we owe a lot to the respondents of the study for giving time and agreeing

to participate in the study processes. The field investigators did excellent job and we

appreciate them for participating enthusiastically in data collection in remote and

difficult locations. They deserve for special thanks from the School.

Our sincere gratitude to Shri G.S Chauhan and his team for their hospitality and support.

Mr. Amar singh Mavai and Ms. Rashmi Modi need special mention. We also feel grateful

to the officials of Agriculture Department. as they were very forthcoming with their

suggestions.

At last but not the least, we gladly express my gratitude to officials of District Agriculture

offices especially Deputy Directors and there team for their hospitality and time during

the field visits to villages and responding to our phone calls patiently.

Gaurav Agrawal

Project Officer


Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The National Food Security Mission [NFSM] has been launched by the

Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture since 2007-08 essentially as a crop

development scheme that aims at restoring soil health and achieving additional

production of 10, 8, and 2 million tons of Rice, Wheat and Pulses, respectively on

an area of 20 million ha, 13 million ha and 4.5 million ha, by the end of the year

2011-12. The Mission has been implemented in 312 identified districts of 17 States

covering 136 districts under Rice, 141 under Wheat and 171 under Pulses till

2009-10. From 2010-11 onwards, 302 districts of ISOPOM have been included

under Pulses component of the Mission.

2. INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM CREATED UNDER THE MISSION & ITS

FUNCTIONING

[a] NFSM Structure at the National level

In terms of NFSM Guidelines, a General Council [GC] at the National level has

been constituted under the chairmanship of the Hon’ble Union Agriculture

Minister. The GC is the policy making body providing suitable directives and

guidance to the Mission and reviewing the overall progress and development of

the scheme.

A National Food Security Mission Executive Committee [NFSMEC] has been

constituted under the Chairmanship of Secretary; Department of Agriculture &

Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, to oversee the activities of the Mission and

to approve the State Action Plans. The NFSMEC is required to meet at least once

in every quarter. The Committee had however, two meetings in 2007-08, one

each in 2008-09 & 2009-10 and two each in 2010-11 and 2011-12.



[b] NFSM Structure at the State Level

The State Food Security Mission Executive Committees [SFSMEC] have since

been constituted under the chairmanship of the respective Chief Secretaries, in

all the seventeen participating States. The Committees have, however, been

meeting on a few occasions only. The average number of meetings of the

Committee, during the years 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 works out to

around one. Seven States during 2007-08, two during 2008-09, three during 2009-

10 and one State during 2010-11 didn’t have even a single meeting.

[c] NFSM Structure at the District Level

[i] The Agricultural Technology Management Agency [ATMA], the autonomous

body established under the Societies Registration Act, has been created at the

district level for implementing Mission's programme.

[ii] District Food Security Mission Executive Committee [DFSMEC] at the District

level, DFSMEC has been duly constituted by all the sampled districts of the

implementing States for project formulation, implementation and monitoring of

the scheme components. The average number of meetings of the Committee,

during the years 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 works out to around one

only. In five States, no meeting of DFSMEC has been convened in any of their

districts during 2007-08. During 2009-10 and 2010-11 meetings have not been

conducted in ten [12%] and fifteen [19%] districts of all the participating States.

3. PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SUPPORT

All Crops – Rice, Wheat & Pulses taken together

[i] Extension Programmes

Under all the components of the Mission i.e. NFSM – Rice, Wheat & Pulses, the

participant States had been given a total target of organizing of 6.73 lakh

Extension Programmes of FFS and Front Line Demonstration. A total of 6.78 lakh

such Programmes were conducted and the overall performance was of the order

of 101%. The progress of the States taken together on this account was fairly



satisfactory. It, however recorded a declining trend. The achievement decreased

from 118% in 2007-08 to 110% in 2008-09 and further to 93% and 98% during

2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively.

[ii] Local Initiatives

The States had planned to undertake 61,561 numbers of Local Initiatives in

respect of the activities not normally covered under the Mission. A total of 39,264

activities were accomplished under this sub head leaving a shortfall of about 36%

in achievement. The targets were taken only during two years of 2007-08 and

2010-11 and the achievement level was around 68% in both the years.

[iii] Farm Mechanization

Under Farm Mechanization, 97.67 lakh Farm Implements [FIs] were proposed to

be distributed, against which 57.59 lakh FIs were only supplied. The achievement

level at 59% is far from satisfactory as the FIs are important for ensuring efficient

farming operations. The progress during the two years of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at

122% and 171% achievement was good. However, the performance in 2007-08

was poor at 41% of achievement and the same stagnated at 45% with marginal

increase during 2010-11.

[iv] Plant Protection Measures

An area of 42.41 lakh ha in respect of all the components of the Mission under

Plant Protection Chemical intervention was proposed to be covered. Against this

target, an area of 36.63 lakh ha was actually covered i.e. 86% of the targeted

figure. The progress was by and large satisfactory. The achievement exhibited an

increasing trend from 69% in 2007-08 to 83% in 2008-09, and further to 97%

during 2009-10. It, however, declined to 78% in 2010-11.

[v] Distribution of Seed

The States had been given a total target of distribution of seed of the order of

191.72 lakh qtl against which 145.30 lakh qtl seed was supplied to the beneficiary



farmers. The performance with considerable shortfall of 24% [ach.76%], in

essential input like seed, was below the mark. The performance showed both

rising and declining trend. The achievement level being 51%, 81%, 73% and 85%

during the period 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2009-11 respectively.

[vi] Application of Micronutrients/Liming Material

The States had also planned to treat 137.70 lakh ha of land with

micronutrients/liming material. Against this target, an area of 97.47 lakh ha was

covered thereby recording an achievement of 71%. The achievement had been

increasing steadily from 30% in 2007-08 to 61% in 2008-09 and further to 79% and

86% during 2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively.

3.0 Mission Interventions

Various interventions proposed in the NFSM are as follows:

1. Farmers’ Field School [FFS]

Farmers’ Field Schools are organized on farmers’ fields to provide

practical knowledge about the incidence of various pests and diseases on

the crops and their management practices. Financial assistance @ Rs.

17000/- per FFS is provided for organizing these Schools.

2. Integrated Pest Management [IPM]

A number of pests and diseases affect the productivity of pulse crops. An

integrated approach is necessary to manage their incidence and minimize

the loss to the crop productivity. Demonstrations on IPM technology are

organized with financial assistance @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 750/- per

hectare.

3. Plant Protection Chemicals

If biological control measures do not result in effective control of various

pests and diseases, then use of chemical pesticides and fungicides

becomes necessary. For timely control of these pests, Plant Protection



chemicals are provided to pulse growing farmers with financial assistance

@ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 500/- per hectare.

4. Weedicides

Weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, sunshine etc.

Therefore, infestation with weeds affects the water and nutrients’ uptake

efficiency of the crop plants. In order to promote timely and better

management of weeds, weedicides are provided to pulse growing farmers

with financial assistance @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 500/- per hectare.

5. Demonstrations

Demonstrations of improved package of practices in wheat and pulses are

organized with financial assistance of Rs. 2000/- per acre. In these

demonstrations inputs like seed, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals

are provided to farmers.

6. Seed minikits

Seed minikits of new and promising varieties of wheat are distributed

among the farmers free of cost to assess the performance of these varieties

in our State in comparison to the existing varieties.

7. Micronutrients

Deficiency of micronutrients, particularly Zinc Sulphate, is being reported

from various parts of the State. Deficiency of micronutrients affects the

productivity of crops. Therefore, financial assistance on micronutrients @

50% of cost limited to Rs. 500/- per hectare is provided to farmers.

8. Gypsum

Gypsum is the cheapest source of Sulphur which is an essential element

for plants. Widespread Sulphur deficiency is being reported from various

parts of the State. Therefore, financial assistance on gypsum @ 50% of cost

of material plus transportation cost limited to Rs. 750/- per hectare is

provided to farmers.



9. Farm Machinery

To improve the efficiency of farming operations and to reduce the cost of

cultivation, assistance on farm machinery is provided to farmers. Under

the Mission, financial assistance is provided on Zero till seed drill, Multi-

crop planter & Seed drill @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 15000/- and

Rotavator @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 30000/- per machine. Assistance @

50% of cost limited to Rs. 150000/- is also available on Laser Land Leveller

to a group of ten farmers.



CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Mission objectives

The Mission seeks to generate additional production of rice, wheat and pulses

through use of a well orchestrated package of interventions that blend the

technology promotion with responsive administration for timely delivery of

agricultural inputs and services to bridge the yield gap in selected Districts. The

Mission aims at harnessing the capacities of the participating institutions to

surmount the huge challenge of administering its programs in relatively

backward target districts. In addition to targeted increase in production the

Mission aims at:

Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level.

Creation of employment opportunities.

Enhancing farm level economy to restore confidence among the farmers.

Creating awareness about the use of improved seed and crop production

technology

2.2 Objective of the study

1. To determine the impact of the scheme on the production of the wheat,

rice and pulses in the State.

2. To analyze the impact on the land use pattern, i.e, Irrigated and non

irrigated land.

3. Evaluate the impact of various inputs (like soil ameliorants, plant

nutrients, farm machines/implements and plant protection measures) on

the production.

4. To analyze the impact of the Mission on the social and economical status

of the farmers.

5. Creation of employment opportunities.



2.3 Research Design

The ex-post facto research design has been used in the current assessment study,

as the interventions were either already made or are ongoing. The data on the

parameters have been collected using qualitative and quantitative techniques.

2.3.1 Quantitative and Qualitative data collection

Questionnaire had been designed in such a way so as to cover all the aspects of

the mission. It had been finalized in active discussions with the state level

officials of the respective department. The quantitative questionnaire had been

administered on the beneficiaries of the National food security mission. The

qualitative technique like “Focus Group Discussions (FGD)” had been

conducted in Dhar, Dewas and Katni districts.

2.4 Development and Use of Tools

The tools for the study were developed in relations to the NFSM interventions.

As a background materials project documents, existing reports, studies, and

other related documents were thoroughly studied. Efforts were made to make

exhaustive tool encompassing entire aspects of the project.

2.4.1 Pilot Testing of the Tools

The questionnaire for quantitative data collection was field tested to see its

applicability with the respondents. Necessary amendments were made based on

the basis of experiences from the field. The major changes occurred in the

questionnaire were related to avoiding of repetitive questions for different areas.

2.4.2 Finalization and Administration of the Tools

Based on the feedback from the pilot testing the questionnaire was finalized and

used in the study. The administration of the questionnaire was done in very

systematic manner. The field investigators were chosen from the sampled

districts, so that they are able to extract the information to maximum extent. The

questionnaires were filled with individual respondents with all seriousness and

sincerity.



2.4.3 Orientation Programme for Field Investigators

For any research assignment, capacity building of the research team is must. For

this purpose, an orientation programme had been conducted at the state level for

the field investigators. In this orientation programme, field investigators had

been thoroughly informed about the various aspects related to the data collection

with the help of the resource persons drawn from School of Good Governance

and Policy Analysis, Bhopal.

2.5 Sampling

2.5.1 Selection of Districts

The present concurrent evaluation study covers the individuals directly

benefited from any one or more component of NFSM. The Impact assessment

study was conducted in six sample district, selecting two sample districts for

each crop. The districts have been selected as per list of districts provided by

NFSM. Accordingly, Dhar and Dewas districts have taken up for study related to

Wheat; while Harda and Raisen were selected for study related to Pulses. For the

Rice, Shahdol and Katni districts have been selected. From each district two

blocks were chosen randomly. From each block, about6 districts, 10 villages were

selected, from each village 10 beneficiaries were selected. Overall 12 blocks and

more than 120 villages has been covered under the study.

2.5.2 Selection of Respondents

A total of 200 individual respondents have been covered under the study from

each district. About 10 respondents were interviewed from each sample village,

who have been assisted under NFSM. The selection of sample has been made on

the basis of availability of individual respondent beneficiaries out of list

provided by the district offices of the department of Farmer Welfare and

Agriculture Development.

2.6 Qualitative Data Collection

Keeping the importance of qualitative exercises and that too with groups like

rural people, it was proposed in the study proposal to have FGDs in three



districts. The qualitative data were collected from the beneficiaries during FGD.

Through the Issue focused group discussion different issues were covered and

taken under the analysis.

2.7 Variables

The variables/parameters taken in the study had been categorised as follows:

2.7.1 Measured variables

The measured variables (the dependent variables) in the study were;

Nature and spread of the scheme Perceptions and usefulness of the Scheme

Increase in production of crops

Changes in land use pattern

Changes in the lives of beneficiaries impacting their income, knowledge,

awareness, livelihoods opportunities, information, services delivery etc. Accessibility, effectiveness, timeliness, quality and sustainability of

intervention made under scheme Constraints in accessing facilities/services offered

2.7.2 Matching variables

The study contained following matching variables (the independent);

Village

District

Family income

Farmers

Production

Land use pattern

Gender



2.8 Screening and Feeding of Data

Data collected had been screened thoroughly not only during the collection but

also after collection and before feeding into the system so to ensure the quality

and accuracy

2.9 Analysis of Data Keeping into considerations the requirements of the study and nature of data the

analyses were made through finding out frequencies, percentages, averages etc.

The qualitative data was generated through PRA techniques and the analyses

were made mainly through content analysis of the FGDs and developing few

cases studies from personal interviews.

Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014


CHAPTER III

Data Analysis

3.0 Socio-Economic Profile of Respondents

3.1 Gender Profile

The following chart predict that the sample size taken under the study consist

both the male and female

farmers. At the state level, it

was found that there has

been only 15 percent

women farmer participation

in the agricultural activity

under the mission. The chart

depict that the maximum 18

percent female farmers were

benefitted in the Harda district, whereas 82 percent male were benefitted. In the

Dhar district only 8 percent female were benefitted.

3.2 Caste Category Distribution

The study has revealed that the weaker groups were most benefitted from the

scheme, which is one of the

major objectives of the

scheme. At the state level 33

percent beneficiary are from

the Schedule Tribes, 26

percent from Other

Backward castes, 23 percent

general and 23 percent were

from Schedule Caste



category. At the District level Dhar district, being a tribal district has the

maximum (96 percent) beneficiary from Schedule tribe group, whereas in the

sampled area of Harda district maximum (53 percent) beneficiary were from

Schedule caste group. From the OBC category, maximum percent (51 percent)

were from Katni district.

3.3 Financial status

As far as the financial status is concern, the study shows that at the state level 67

percent beneficiaries

belong to the Above

Poverty Line and 33

percent beneficiaries were

from the Below Poverty

Line, During the focused

group it came to notice

that farmers belonging to

the Below Poverty Line do

not had enough resources even after the subsidy to avail the facilities under the

scheme. At the district level, in Katni district maximum (83 percent) respondents

belong to the Above Poverty Line, where maximum (51 percent) respondents

belonging to the Below Poverty Line were from Shahdol district.

3.4 Educational status The study explored the

educational level of the

beneficiaries under national

food security mission. The

chart shows that at the state

level major chunk (32

percent) of respondents



were primary pass, 23 percent were educated up to middle school, and 14

percent were educated up to high school. The study also revealed the fact that

the percentage of illiterate farmers among the total number of beneficiary was

only 16 percent. At the district level, high illiteracy level among the repondents

was found in the Dhar (30 percent) and in Shahdol (28 percent) districts.

3.5 Landholding Patterns

Majority of beneficiaries (53 percent) in the scheme were small farmers, 21

percent were marginal

farmers. However, medium

and large farmers also got

support under the scheme

at 20 percent and 6 percent

respectively. The outcome

of the study also supports

the objective of the scheme

to support maximum

number of small and marginal farmers. At the district level, maximum number

(63 percent) of small number was in Katni district, whereas in Raisen minimum

number (39 percent) of small farmer were benefitted. In Dhar district as much as

30 percent marginal farmers were got supported by the scheme.

3.6 Awareness about the scheme

It was found that most of all

beneficiaries were widely

aware about the scheme

throughout the state. No

drastic variation was noticed

in the awareness level of the

beneficiaries. The following



chart shows that at the state level 98 percent beneficiaries aware about the

scheme, whereas only 2 percent beneficiaries were unaware.

3.6.1 Sources of awareness

The study reveals that the Gram sewak had played important role in the

dissemination of the

awareness and knowledge

about the scheme. At the

state level 92 percent

beneficiaries has acquired

the know-how about the

scheme from gram sewak,

whereas 44 percent

beneficiaries were also

persuaded by the Krishakmitras. Only 5 percent beneficiaries got the information

from the sarpanch. At the district level 99 percent in Dhar and 98 percent

beneficiaries in Harda got information about the scheme from Gram sewak

3.7 Famer’s and NFSM Crops



The above chart shows that at the state level 65 percent beneficiaries were

supported by the scheme in the wheat production, 26 percent beneficiaries' were

provided support in rice production and 56 percent beneficiaries were rendered

help in pulses production. At the district level, in Raisen district 45 percent

beneficiaries were got supported in wheat production and 55 percent were

supported for pulses production. In Dhar district 80 percent beneficiaries

benefitted in the wheat production and 20 percent benefitted under pulses

production. In Dewas district 8o percent beneficiaries were benefitted in the

production of wheat and 20 percent got supported in the production of pulses.

However in Katni district beneficiaries got benefitted in all three wheat, Rice and

pulses production, in wheat 96 percent, rice 90 percent and in pulses 81 percent

beneficiaries were benefitted. In Shahdol district 22 percent beneficiaries got

supported in wheat production, 64 percent in rice and 35 percent in pulses. In

Harda district 68 percent beneficiaries benefitted in the production of wheat,

whereas 78 percent benefitted in pulses production.

3.8 Component-wise Analysis

3.8.1 Farm School and Demonstration

One of the major component of the program is farm school and demonstration,

in which on farm training is

provided to the farmers.

Under this component, the

study shows that the

farmers were not so eager

to participate in this

activity.At the state level

only 46 percent farmers

attended the activity and at

the district level maximum 72 and 66 percent beneficiaries attended the farm



school and demonstration at Raisen and Harda districts respectively, whereas in

the districts like Katni and Dewas , farmers were not so optimistic about getting

on field training from the experts. The study shows that only only 8 and 14

percent attended such training in Katni and Dewas district respectively.

3.8.2 Support of Hybrid Seeds

Providing hybrid seeds at subsidized rate is one of the other major components

of the scheme. The study

shows that at the state level

only 57 percent

beneficiaries were rendered

the seeds, whereas 43

percent beneficiaries were

deprived of such benefit. At

the district level, the most

beneficiaries were

benefitted in the Raisen, Katni and Harda district with 82, 80 and 71 percent

respectively. On the other hand most of the beneficiaries in districts like Dewas

and Dhar were deprived of the benefit, only 14 percent in Dewas and 42 percent

beneficiaries in Dhar district were benefitted.

3.8.3 Support of Micro Nutrients

The scheme also provides

micro nutrients to the

farmers at the subsidized

rate. The study reveals that

at the state level merely 31

percent farmers were

benefitted under this

particular component. This



shows that farmers were not so eager to use micro nutrients. At the district level,

highest percentage (42 percent) of respondents using micro nutrients were from

katni district, whereas use of micro nutrients was minimal in Raisen district (18

percent).

3.8.4 Application of Insecticide and Protective Chemicals

Motivating farmers for use of insecticide and protective chemicals and render

them at subsidized rate, is

also one of the important

components of the scheme.

At the state level only 30

percent of the farmers avail

themselves of this benefit.

At the district, maximum

number of beneficiary

availing the benefit were

from katni district (46 percent), whereas minimum number was from Dewas

district (20 percent).

3.8.5 Capacity Building

Under NFSM scheme different types of training are provided to the farmers.

Following chart depicts that

at the state level only 48

percent respondents

received training. At the

district level maximum

number of beneficiaries

receiving training were from

Harda district, whereas in

Raisen only one-third of respondents received training under the program.



53%

78%92%

85%

60% 65%72%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Shah

do

l

Kat

ni

Dew

as

Dh

ar

Rai

sen

Har

da

Stat

e

3.8.7 Soil Testing

3.8.6.1 Soil Testing

Following chart depict that at the state level 72 percent respondents got soil

tested, whereas 28 percent

didn’t sent the soil sample

for testing. At the district

level, most of the

respondents (92 percent)

from Dewas district got soil

sample tested. On the other

hand, the percentage among

the sampled districts was minimum (53 percent) in Shahdol district.

3.8.6.2 Receipt of soil testing report within stipulated time frame

Following chart shows the receiving status of the soil report of six districts. At

the state level most of the

respondents (57 percent)

didn’t received report

within a time frame. At the

district level, only in Harda

district about 51 percent of

respondents received the

soil report within a time

limit, whereas in Dewas district about 68 percent of the respondents didn’t

received the report within time frame.

3.8.7 Farm Mechanization

One of the important aspects of the scheme is providing modern implements to

the farmers. The following chart shows that, at the state level 42 percent of the

respondents were benefitted under this component. At the district level,



2% 5% 9%

23%

46%

83%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

3.8.9 Yearwise percentage of respondents

maximum (54 percent) of

the respondents were

benefitted in the Katni

district, whereas minimum

number (36 percent) of

respondents were from

Harda district.

3.8.8 Utilizing Hybrid Seeds

Following graph shows the

percentage of respondents

using certified hybrid seeds

in the six sampled districts.

At the state level 92 percent

respondents are using

certified hybrid seeds.. At

the district level, this

percentage was highest (97 percent) in Katni district.

3.8.9 Year-wise percentage of respondents

In response to the question

asked "In which of the year

from 2007 to 2013, did you

get benefits under NFSM

scheme", the beneficiaries

responses shown in the

graph. The graph depicts

yearwise responses of the

beneficiaries under the



scheme. In year 2007-08 only 2 percent of the respondents benefitted from the

scheme, in the year 2008-09, the percent of the respondents increase to 5 percent,

in 2009-10 the percentage increase to 9 percent which drastically increase to 23

percent in the year 2010-11. In the year 2011-12 the percentage of respondents

increases to 46 percent. In the year 2012-13, 83 percent of the respondents derived

benefit under different components of the scheme.

3.9 Impact on Sown Area and Crop Production

The graph 3.9 shows the impact of the scheme on the crop production and sown

area in six sampled

districts. At the district

level, due to the inputs

under the scheme, the

sown area and the

production has

increased. The increase

in sown area ranges

from 15% to 27%,

whereas increase in

production ranges from

25% to 41%. In the crop-wise scenario, in Shahdol district production of rice

increase by 38 percent and sown area has been increase by 27 percent. In wheat,

production and sown area in Dhar district has been increase by 41 percent and 28

percent respectively, and in pulses production, production and sown area in

Harda district increased by 19 percent and 28 percent.

3.10 Effect on Income enhancement

Following graph shows the effect of scheme on the income of respondents. At the

state level 23 percent respondents accept that due to the scheme, there income

has increased upto 10 percent, 41 percent respondents accept that the income has



23%

41%

30%

6%

0%0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

0-10% 11%-25% 26%-40% more than 40%

None

3.10 Effect on Incomeincrease by 10 to 25

percent, income of 30

percent respondents

increased by 25 to 40

percent. Amazingly income

of 6 percent has been

increased by more than 40

percent.



CHAPTER IV

Findings and Recommendations

The findings of the study and the data gathered through PRA exercises and field visits

have explored many ‘positives’ and few areas ‘needing attention’. These have been

presented, here, in the form of recommendations, as follows;

Need for Scaling up the role of women

The study revealed that the role of women in agriculture under the scheme is limited

(15 percent). But women constitute about 50% of the manpower. The rural women are

very active in cultivation, dairy, fisheries, crop processing and other allied areas. Nearly

70% of Indian rural women are employed in agriculture and they are responsible for 60-

80 percent of food production. Through the PRA exercise, it is noticed that they are

always involved in labor and tolerance intensive works like transplantations and

weeding operations. most of the rural women should be considered as farmers but they

are ignored. In order to empower and improve the women farmer's productivity special

provision of training and capacity building of women should be made. Provision of

special reservation or subsidized benefits should be created for the women farmer's in

the scheme

Formation of SHG's

The study revealed that the participation of the marginal farmer's is very less (21

percent). The marginal holders are engaged in subsistence farming and grow low value

crops. They suffer from adoption of innovative technologies, inadequate access to

physical inputs and credit, disguised unemployment, food and nutritional security,

price risk and low income. They do not have easy access to institutional credit for

agricultural purposes. Bankers feel that these two categories of needy farmers are not

credit worthy and due to small size of holdings the credit risk is high. Inspite of the

provision of the subsidized rate in every component of the scheme, the participation of

the marginal farmer's is very low.



Hence there is a need to create the provision of SHG's in the scheme, through the SHG's

the marginal farmer's could gain benefit under the scheme.

Farmer's field school and Demonstration

The study shows that the less than fifty percent farmers participated in the farmer's

field school and demonstration. In order to increase the participation in the farmer's

farm school and demonstration, provision of compulsory attendance should be made

under the scheme. Provision of monetary incentive can also be built under this

component.

Demonstration was only one component under NFSM which showed complete package

of practices from sowing to harvesting and farmers actually could see effect of

improved practices and inputs. Demonstrations should be planned out in a way that all

farmers should benefit from these. For this purpose, more number of demos should be

laid out per village to extend reach of new technology to maximum farmers.

Soil amelioration program

Though about 72% farmers got their soil tested but more than half of the farmers did

not get the report in time. Without soil testing report, they never knew about

requirement of micro-nutrients and/or gypsum and lime. More focus should be given

on timely soil testing and soil health cards should be given to each farmer beneficiary.

Mobile soil testing laboratory is a good concept could be implemented in the field.

Integrated Nutrient Management

Micronutrient deficiency in Indian soils has emerged as one of the major constraints to

crop productivity. Deficiency of micronutrients during the last three decades has grown

in both, magnitude and extent because of increased use of high analysis fertilizers, use

of high yielding crop varieties and increase in cropping intensity. This has become a

major constraint to production and productivity of rice, wheat and pulses. Study

reveals that only 31% of farmers availed micro nutrient facility under the scheme. this

issue need attention.



Therefore, there is a need to conduct more training programs and demonstrations.

Insecticides and Pesticides

Protection of crops is one of the major components under the scheme. But small number

of farmers (30%) were availing benefit under this component. The study reveals that

because of shortage of supply and brand compulsion, farmers were not participating

under the scheme.

Farm mechanization

Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about a significant improvement in

agricultural productivity. Thus, there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural

operations. On the basis of focus group discussion, it was find out that farmer took

highest interest in incentivized purchasing of farm equipments as they become their

assets. It was also observed that farmers got required implement on subsidy but never

trained to operate the same. Provision of formal training needs to be incorporated in

mission for farmers who have purchased the implement and wished to get trained.

NFSM crops production can be increased by two ways i.e. increase in area and increase

in production. Therefore, intercropping seed drill should be provided.

Other

I. MIS -: Management information system need to be strengthened for timely data

entry and report generation which could lead to better planning and

implementation of mission in succeeding years.

II. Simplification of procedure - Procedure should be simplified for poor farmers.

An online submission of the application on e-Kiosk/e-mitra may be adopted and

there after field staff could complete rest of the procedure.



III. Area of expanse - Objective of the mission is to increase both area and

productivity of selected crops. Comparison made on both criteria with base year

of mission launch, shows very positive effect in last four years. Instead of

extending services of NFSM in large area, limited number of villages should be

selected with intensive and quality work along with proper monitoring.

IV. Awareness building - currently advertisements are given in both print and e-

media but in very limited numbers. Frequency of advertisements should be

increased in both media as well as local level awareness building program

should be launched with help of reputed NGOs of respective districts.

V. Literature - Climatic zone/ sub-zone wise customized literature for package of

practices of both crops should be distributed to farmers in enough quantity at

regional/ district level. Benefit of these literatures could be enjoyed by educated

person only and students are the most educated group available in villages.

These literatures should also be distributed in schools to students of class 9th to

12th who can read and transfer it to their parents in local dialects.



Annexure

Tables

3.1 Gender Profile

S.no Districts Male Female

1 Raisen 83% 17%

2 Dhar 92% 8%

3 Dewas 86% 14%

4 Katni 83% 17%

5 Shahdol 84% 16%

6 Harda 82% 18%

State 85% 15%

3.2 Caste Category Distribution

S.no Districts S.C S.T OBC General

1 Raisen 14% 12% 50% 25%

2 Dhar 2% 96% 1% 2%

3 Dewas 16% 4% 15% 66%

4 Katni 19% 12% 51% 18%

5 Shahdol 4% 69% 16% 12%

6 Harda 53% 8% 23% 17%

State 18% 33% 26% 23%

3.3 Financial status

S.no Districts APL BPL

1 Raisen 73% 27%

2 Dhar 76% 24%

3 Dewas 67% 33%

4 Katni 83% 17%

5 Shahdol 49% 51%

6 Harda 54% 46%

State 67% 33%



3.4 Educational status

S.no Districts illiterate Primary Middle school

High school

Higher secondary

Graduate

1 Raisen 11% 28% 28% 19% 11% 4%

2 Dhar 30% 34% 14% 10% 8% 4%

3 Dewas 8% 39% 23% 13% 12% 7%

4 Katni 5% 26% 35% 26% 8% 1%

5 Shahdol 28% 32% 18% 6% 11% 6%

6 Harda 16% 34% 23% 12% 11% 5%

State 16% 32% 23% 14% 10% 4%

3.5 Landholding Patterns

S.no Districts Marginal Small Medium Large

1 Raisen 19% 39% 28% 15%

2 Dhar 30% 55% 12% 4%

3 Dewas 21% 47% 28% 5%

4 Katni 19% 63% 12% 7%

5 Shahdol 14% 59% 24% 4%

6 Harda 21% 55% 19% 5%

State 21% 53% 20% 6%

3.6 Awareness of the scheme

S.no Districts Yes No

1 Raisen 97% 3%

2 Dhar 98% 2%

3 Dewas 100% 0%

4 Katni 96% 4%

5 Shahdol 100% 0%

6 Harda 99% 1%

State 98% 2%

3.6.1 Sources of awareness

S.no Districts Gram sewak Krishak Mitra Sarpanch

1 Raisen 91% 12% 8%

2 Dhar 99% 51% 10%

3 Dewas 89% 98% 1%

4 Katni 81% 49% 2%

5 Shahdol 92% 23% 0%



6 Harda 98% 34% 10%

State 92% 44% 5%

3.7 Famer’s and NFSM Crops

S.no Districts Wheat Rice Pulses

1 Raisen 45% 0% 55%

2 Dhar 80% 0% 20%

3 Dewas 82% 0% 66%

4 Katni 96% 90% 81%

5 Shahdol 22% 64% 35%

6 Harda 68% 0% 78%

State 65% 26% 56%

3.8 Component-wise Analysis

3.8.1 Farm School and Demonstration

Product Districts Yes No

Rice Shahdol 65% 35%

Katni 8% 92%

Wheat Dewas 14% 86%

Dhar 51% 49%

Pulses Raisen 72% 28%

Harda 66% 34%

State 46% 54%

3.8.2 Support of Hybrid Seeds



Katni 80% 20%

Wheat Dewas 14% 86%

Dhar 42% 58%


Harda 71% 29%

State 57% 43%



3.8.3 Support of Micro Nutrients



Katni 42% 58%

Wheat Dewas 24% 76%

Dhar 28% 72%


Harda 33% 67%

State 31% 69%

3.8.4 Application of Insecticide and Protective Chemicals



Katni 46% 54%

Wheat Dewas 20% 80%

Dhar 30% 70%


Harda 28% 72%

State 30% 70%

3.8.5 Capacity Building



Katni 46% 54%

Wheat Dewas 39% 61%

Dhar 41% 59%


Harda 68% 32%

State 48% 52%

3.8.6.1 Soil Testing



Katni 78% 23%

Wheat Dewas 92% 9%

Dhar 85% 15%


Harda 65% 35%

State 72% 28%



3.8.6.2 Receipt of soil testing report within stipulated time frame



Katni 42% 58%

Wheat Dewas 32% 68%

Dhar 40% 61%


Harda 51% 49%

State 43% 57%

3.8.7 Farm Mechanization



Katni 54% 46%

Wheat Dewas 40% 60%

Dhar 39% 61%


Harda 36% 64%

State 42% 58%

3.8.8 Utilizing Hybrid Seeds


Rice Shahdol 93% 7%

Katni 97% 3%

Wheat Dewas 88% 12%

Dhar 87% 14%


Harda 91% 10%

State 92% 8%

3.8.9 Year-wise percentage of respondents

Product Districts 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Rice Shahdol 1% 8% 10% 29% 52% 84%

Katni 1% 13% 15% 39% 55% 90%

Wheat Dewas 3% 9% 8% 17% 34% 71%

Dhar 4% 2% 7% 12% 38% 80%

Pulses Raisen 4% 2% 8% 6% 44% 91%

Harda 2% 1% 6% 38% 51% 83%



State 2% 5% 9% 23% 46% 83%

3.9 Impact on Sown Area and Crop Production

Product Districts Increase sown area Increase in Production


Katni 21% 32%

Wheat Dewas 18% 26%

Dhar 28% 41%


Harda 19% 28%

State 21% 36%

3.10 Effect on Income enhancement

Districts 0-10% 10%-25% 25%-40% more than 40% None

Shahdol 1% 22% 75% 3% 0%

Katni 0% 5% 69% 26% 1%

Dewas 99% 2% 0% 0% 0%

Dhar 11% 88% 2% 1% 0%

Raisen 13% 48% 31% 9% 0%

Harda 14% 81% 5% 0% 0%

State 23% 41% 30% 6% 0%

Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission€¦ · A National Food Security Mission...

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