GHG Inventory & GHG Intensity Ranking Cement sector in India
IMO’s GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Transcript of IMO’s GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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Jan Bergholtz
Kattegatt Design AB 0340-65 62 60
0709-64 60 98
www.kattegattdesign.se
Kattegatt Design
GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
IMO’s GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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Background:
• Shipping not covered by the Kyoto Protocol (1997)
• IMO under pressure to deliver GHG-mitigation instrument
• IMO GHG Study, 1st edition 2000 followed by 2nd edition 2009
• 2007 Shipping 2.7-3.2% of Global CO2-impact
• Growth of Sector Shipping 12-18% of Global CO2 by 2050
• CO2-reduction targets: 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050
Global Warming ≤ 2⁰C increase at 50% probability
• If IMO fails Regional Measures: EU, North America, etc…
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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Global CO2-emissions
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
Ref. 2:nd IMO GHG Study 2009, April 2009, Buhaug Ö et al
0.60%2.70%
1.90%0.50%
21.30%
35%
15.20%
4.60%
18.20%
Global CO2 Emissions
Domestic shipping & Fishing
International Shipping
International Aviation
Rail
Other Transport (Road)
Electricity and Heat Production
Other
Other Energy Industries
Manufacturing Industries & Construction
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Modal Comparison
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
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Range of typical CO2 efficiencies for various cargo carriers
0 50 100 150 200 250
Road
Rail
RoRo / Vehicle
Product
LPG
Container
Bulk
Chemical
Reefer
General Cargo
LNG
Crude
g CO2 / ton*km
Ref. 2:nd IMO GHG Study 2009, April 2009, Buhaug Ö et al
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The IMO “Cure”:
• Operational Measures: SEEMP, EEOI
• Market Based Measures (MBM:s): ETS, Bunker-Levy – SE taking note of the progress but can still not engage (constitutional issue rel. to SE tax-money)
• Design Measures: EEDI for New Built Ships
• Attained EEDI >400 GT
• Size Limit when to apply Required EEDI
• Reduction Rates and Phases (stepped approach)
• Proposals have been made to link MBM:s to EEDI also for existing ships, MEPC 61/5/16 (US)
Kattegatt Design
GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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The EEDI Concept (> 400GT):
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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GHG Impact
Benefit to Society
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The EEDI Reference Lines:
• Shipping divided into 12 Ship Types
• Based on Statistics, IHS Fairplay Database, hence some generic assumptions are needed
• Average EEDI for Comparable Ships (Ship Types) v:s Capacity. Reference Lines should constitute a fair basis for comparison
• Level of Compliance to be reduced in steps
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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Attained / Required EEDI:
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 90 000 100 000 110 000 120 000
EED
I [g
CO
2/
(to
nn
es x
nM
)]
Capacity - DWT [tonnes]
Lower Size Limit for Required EEDI
Reduction Levels: Phase 0 Year 0 0% Phase 1 Year 2 0% to 10% Phase 2 Year 7 0% to 20% Phase 3 Year 12 0% to 30%
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Kattegatt Design
GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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Implications:
• Direct impact on Installed Power (not Shaft Power)
• Robustness of proposed methodology – Deep Sea / Short Sea
• SE efforts to display Conditions for SSS
• Coverage – DSS almost 85% of CO2-imprint
• Imprecision – For RoRo 0% reduction -> 17% in reality
• EE Devices in SSS
• Inherent Margin (SFC Medium Speed Engines)
• Safety – min Speed in Adverse Weather (Redundancy)
• Are proposed reduction rates feasible (e.g. Ice Class)
Kattegatt Design
GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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The Political Climate prior to MEPC61:
• Tremendous pressure on the IMO to deliver, Shipping must contribute to GHG-reduction
• EC political agenda
• IMO Objective to Circulate Draft Regulation amendment to MARPOL Annex VI for finalization MEPC62
• Developing Countries, CBDR (UNFCCC) <-> IMO NST
• Good co-operation w STA and between EU Flag States
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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MEPC 61:
• Proposal by China - EEDI mandatory for Developed Countries but voluntary for Developing Countries
• CBDR UNFCCC ( NST IMO)
• Technology Transfer
• Capacity Building
• MARPOL Annex VI
• No Circulation of Draft Regulation prior to MEPC62
• Correspondence Group in order to finalize unresolved issues
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GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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Future Work:
• EU (EC) promise / threat to develop Regional Regulations 2012-01-01 - if IMO fails
• NO and US similar objectives
• 2nd EMSA Study on SSS
• SE proposal of alternative EEDI-framework for SSS
Kattegatt Design
GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
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Jan Bergholtz
Kattegatt Design AB 0340-65 62 60
0709-64 60 98
www.kattegattdesign.se
Kattegatt Design
GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX
Jan Bergholtz
Thank you for your attention!