Immunoglobulin K light chain deficiency: A rare, but probably underestimated, humoral immune...

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JOHN ANDERSSON CORREA MURIEL VALENTINA GUERRA ZAPATA ESTUDIANTES FACULTAD DE MEDICINA UPB TERCER SEMESTRE 2016

Transcript of Immunoglobulin K light chain deficiency: A rare, but probably underestimated, humoral immune...

Page 1: Immunoglobulin K light chain deficiency: A rare, but probably underestimated, humoral immune defect. SEMINARIO

JOHN ANDERSSON CORREA MURIEL

VALENTINA GUERRA ZAPATA

ESTUDIANTES FACULTAD DE MEDICINA UPB

TERCER SEMESTRE

2016

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INTRODUCTION

Stem cells in the bone marrow or fetal liver are the precursors of both T and

B lymphocytes. Stem cells differentiate into T cells in the thymus, whereas

they differentiate into B cells in the bone marrow. Within the thymus, T cells

become either CD4-positive (helper) cells or CD8-positive (cytotoxic) cells. B

cells can be differentiate into plasma cells that produce large amounts of

antibodies (immunoglobulins).

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INTRODUCTION B lymphocytes are involved in the synthesis and

secretion of proteins called antibodies,

immunoglobulins ( Ig ) that are associated with

humoral immunity; Immunoglobulins are formed by

a pair of identical heavy chains (G, M , A, D, E) and

a pair of identical light chains, Kappa or Lambda,

wich determines the immunoglobulin.

They are on B lymphocyte membrane recognizing

the antigen, or as circulating molecules, antibodies

are secreted by plasma cells, these antibodies are

responsibles for the activation, proliferation and

differentiation of B lymphocytes

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The Kappa´s chain deficiency shows a homozygous T to G

substitution at position 1288. This mutation causes a substitution

of Cys to Gly in protein sequence and, therefore, determines

the abnormal folding of Kappa chain constant region .This

defect could lead to a total reduction in the number of

circulating antibodies and the consequent defect

immunological response, presenting recurrent bacterial

infections due to immunosuppression.

INTRODUCTION

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Announcing the only case reported and

known on the total deficiency of Kappa

light chain deficiency , which was

discovered by chance in a 62 years old

patient, when she was a kid suffered

from recurrent respiratory disease as

occasional digestive problems.

GENERAL PURPOSE

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Mujer

Infecciones respiratoriasrecurrentes

Diarrea Ocasional

Plegamiento anormal de la

cadena polipeptidica

de Kappa

MÉTODOS

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MÉTODOS

INMUNOFIJACIÓN:

Permite la caracterización clínica de las inmunoglobulinas monoclonales, para proteínas o gammapatías, las muestras biológicas son depositadas sobre una matriz de agarosa en gel,posteriormente se añaden anticuerpos específicos para las inmunoglobulinas y sus cadenas ligeras al gel para que se fijen a sus sitios específicos.

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MÉTODOS

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CITOMETRÍA DE FLUJO:

Técnica en la cual se hace la valoración de las poblaciones celulares basados en la

identificación de los CLAUSTER DE DIFERENCIACIÓN, mediante la reacción de

Ag-Ac y la utilización de Fluorocromos.

MÉTODOS

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MÉTODOS

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• SECUENCIACIÓN DEL GENOMA

Determina la cadena de nucleótidos que tiene un fragmento de DNA, cortado por enzimas de restricción. El marcaje del DNA se da de forma radioactiva o química con compuestos Fluorescentes.

MÉTODOS

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Detección de la mutación en el DNA, mediante la amplificación del DNA para observar la constante de la cadena Kappa.

MÉTODOS

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Figura 1.

RESULTADOSInmunofijación- electroforesis del suero de la paciente:

• Ausencia total de la cadena liviana Kappa unidas a linfocitos B (no reaccionó antikapa)

• Aumento de las cadenas livianas Lambda

• Subclases de IgG, IgA, IgM,IgE e IgD muestran Concentracions normales

• Se repitió Test y se hizo Nefelometría

NEFELOMETRÍA : Exámen para medir de forma rápida y precisa el nivel de ciertas inmunoglobulina, especialmente M, G, A, aquí se usó para la identificación de las cadenas Kappa

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Figura 2. RESULTADOS

Citometría de Flujo

• FSC = Forward Scatter Determina el tamaño de la célula • SSC-A : Side Sccater Basado en CD45 y CD19 determina las características propias de la célula

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RESULTADOS

Evaluar las poblaciones

celulares (Linfocitos B) que contienen las cadenas

livianas

CD : Moléculas Marcadoras de

superficie celular que reconocen

ciertos anticuerpos

CD19 (Encontrado

específicamente en la

superficie de Linfocitos B)

CD45 (Proteína tirosina

fosfatasa con mayor

expresión en linfocitos)

Garantizan identificación

de los linfocitos para

el estudio

Para la interpretación de resultados utilizaron Dot

Plot

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“Lymphocytes were gated using the CD45/SSC dot-plot and CD19þ (gate

R4) B-cells were studied for expression of Kappa and Lambda Immunoglobulin light chains (A)”

IDENTIFICAMOS LAS CADENAS KAPPA Y LAMBDA EN LA SUPERFICIE DE LOS

LINFOCITOS B

• Sabemos que hay cadenas livianas

• No se diferencia la concentración entre Kappa y Lambda

• Seguridad al estar evaluando linfocitos

• Presencia de resultados en R4

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“Gated on R4. Dot-plot representing the almost total

absence of surface Kappa light chain expression “

RESULTADOSIDENTIFICACIÓN INDIVIDUAL DE LAS

CADENAS KAPPA

• Se nota la ausencia de las cadenas Kappa, lo que es responsable del estado de la paciente.

• R8 sin expresión de las cadenas

K

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“Gated on R4. Dot-plot showing strong expression of lambda light chain.”

RESULTADOS

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA SOBRE EXPRESIÓN DE LAS CADENAS LAMBDA

P

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RESULTADOSMADRE (heterocigoto-no se expresa)

HERMANA(heterocigoto-no se expresa)

PACIENTE (Homocigota-se expresa)

Figura 3.

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RESULTADOS

PUNTO DE MUTACIÓN: 1288 EN EL GEN. T POR G

Heterocigoto: No se expresa anomalía, pero es

portador

Homocigoto: Con la Deficiencia completa

(Como la paciente)

Conduce a una sustitución de Cys por Gly (POSICIÓN 194 de la proteína)

Plegamiento anormal del polipéptido

Figura 3.

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ANÁLISIS

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• Suero de los pacientes puestos a prueba con antígenos infecciosos comunes• Conclusión: Respuesta inmunológica normal en todos los pacientes

ANÁLISIS

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DISCUSIÓNAUTHOR POSTULATE YES/NO

BERNIER ET AL This patients has repeated respiratory infections (requiring antibiotic

treatment) and recurrent episodes of diarrhea since the

childhood, heavily compromising the patient's

life qualityBARANDUN ET AL Patients presented a

decreased concentration of the main immunoglobulin classes and vitamin B12

deficiency.

STAVNEZER-NORDGREN ET AL Revealing a compound heterozygote of the gene for

constant kappa chain, encompassing a G replaced

with a T at nucleotide position 1288 on one allele, and a C

replaced with a T at nucleotide position 1150 on

the other allele.

T is sustituted by a G in 1288 position

MONTECUCCO ET AL A further case, characterized by recurrent pyogenic

infections, hemolytic anemia and occasional

thrombocytopenia has been previously described

Only has respiratory insufficiency and diarrhea

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• The deficiency of the Kappa chain is a strange anomaly that is unknown for a lot of people, but that is very important, specifically to the patients who suffer it, it changes their life style in a extreme way.

• The Kappa´s chain deficiency has a big variation in the symptoms presentation

because the immunosuppression is only to specific antigens depending of the case. It´s a trouble to it´s identification.

• Deficiency of light chains can be directly related to immunosuppressive diseases and could a molecular target for the treatment of these.

• A bigger research on the deficiency of immunoglobulin light chains would be a breakthrough for diagnosis of possible autoimmune diseases without cause stated

CONCLUSIONS

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John Andersson Correa Muriel

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Valentina Guerra Zapata

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• Pierguido Sala A, Antonio Colatutto A, Dora Fabbro B, Laura Mariuzzi ,Stefania Marzinotto C, Barbara Toffoletto C, Anna R. Perosa D, Giuseppe Damante B.Immunoglobulin K light chain deficiency: A rare, but probably underestimated, humoral immune defect (citado: Febrero 27,2016) Disponible enhttp://www.sciencedirect.com.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/science/article/pii/S1769721216300143

• X.Fuentes Arderiu, Castiñeiras Lacambra, M, Queralto Compaño. Bioquímica Clínica y Patología Molecular (Internet).1997 (Citado: 12 de Marzo, 2016). Sexta Edición, Volumen 1, Pagina 177. Disponible en:books.google.com.co/books?id=cKGyh_81voC&pg=PA177&dq=inmunofijación+por+electroforesis&hl=es419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwishJear7rLAhWBdR4KHQEqAPMQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=inmunofijaci%C3%B3n%20por%20electroforesis&f=false

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