IMM ( Integrated Modification Methodology)

IMM ( Integrated Modifica0on Methodology) Sustainable Urban Design and Transforma0on. A case study. M. Tadi S.Vahabzadeh [email protected] [email protected]

Milan, 22nd October 2012.

Integrated Sustainable Urban Design: Neighborhood design proceeded by sustainable urban morphology emergence. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, UK 2012. Vol 155: p. 12. Urban Morphological Transformation Via Urban Constituent Optimization: A Sustainable Neighborhood Design Based On Integrative Modification Methodology. In: GBOD 2012. vol. In press. Shenyang, China; 2012: 10 Sustainable urban morphology emergence via Complex Adaptive System analysis. Procedia Engineering 2011, 21:89-97. A Sustainable Urban morphology for a greener City: Strategy Applied for a Sustainable-oriented Urban Design Design Principle and Practice USA 2012, In press:10. Sustainable Urban morphology for a greener city: an integreated approach for thr energy-efficiency of neighborhoods. In: GreenAge Symposim: 2012 2012; Mimar Sinan Fine Art University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2012: 12.

INTRODUCTION NEIGHBOURHOOD LOCAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION

Crèdits

The Masterplan from Manuel Gausa

EXAMPLE P EIXAMPLE

RO OR

DEFINING THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ CONNECTIVITY

LEGEND case studies voids recovered voids being recovered

LEGEND case studies voids recovered voids being recovered 9 block leaves 150m radius

DEFINING THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ DIVERSITY

LEGEND case studies voids recovered voids being recovered

Energy consumed per person/year : 10.52 mwh

Energy consumed per person/year (only residen<al) : 2.96 mwh

Electrical energy consumed p e r p e r s o n / y e a r (residen<al) : 1.43 mwh

0

2000

4000

6000

8000 Electrical energy consumed

Residen8al energy consumed

Total energy consumed

640p /block

17058569 Mwh 2807514 Mwh 5615 Mwh

Energy consump<on of Barcelona

Actual Energy Situa0on Total Energy ConsumpNon/ Inhabitant 10.52 MWh/Inhab/Y Total Energy ConsumpNon/ Inhabitant(ResidenNal Sector) 2.96 MWh/Inhab/Y Electricity ConsumpNon /Inhab(ResidenNal Sector) 1.43 MWh/Inhab/Y Total Energy ConsumpNon/ Inhab(TransportaNon Sector) 2.54 MWh/Inhab/Y Number of people in 41 Blocks 26240 Persons

Calcula0on at Intermediate level Total Energy consumpNon(41 Blocks) 276.0448 GWh/Y Total Energy consumpNon only in ResidenNal Sector(41 Blocks) 77.6704 GWh/Y Electricity ConsumpNon only in ResidenNal Sector (41 Blocks) 37.5232 GWh/Y Total Energy ConsumpNon only in TransportaNon Sector(41 Blocks) 66.6496 GWh/Y

0 50

100 150 200 250 300

CalculaNon at intermediate level(GWh/Y)

Total Energy ConsumpNon

Energy Consumed in ResidenNal Sector

PERFORMANCE -‐ ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

INTRODUCTION THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE LOCAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION

THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ connecNng the voids

LEGEND case studies voids recovered

THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ connecNng the voids COURTYARD PROPOSAL

exisNng void/street connecNons proposed void/street connecNons removed void/street connecNons

LEGEND

THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ connecNng the voids COURTYARD PROPOSAL

THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ Before and A_er modificaNons: intermediate scale intervenNon by modificaNon and integraNon of different layers

STAGES -‐ PROPOSED STREET NETWORK – REDUCTION OF CO2 TRANSPORTATION

1) 2.5% 2) 6.7% 3) 9.5%

LEGEND voids recovered green side walks pedestrian walk green nodes

Description 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stageNumbers of removing cars 120 324 456Energy saving [GW-‐h/year] 1.3 3.6 5.1Energy saving [%] 2.1 5.7 8.1CO2 Reduction [%] 2.5 6.7 9.5Trees in each street 2 5 10CO2 absoption [Kg/Y] 1900 4750 9500

CO2 Reduction [%] 0.35 0.8 1.7

19 /88

PRODUCTION CONSERVATION

SHARING COMFORT

PV ON FACADE

Hourly solar exposure / 25 may / facade SE Incident solar radiaNon / avg day / facade SE

Shades and solar path / 25 may / 9 blocks

20 /88


SHARING COMFORT

PV ON FACADE AVERAGE DAILY SOLAR EXPOSURE

AVAIL. AVG INCIDENT TRANSMITTED MONTH Wh/m2 SHADE Wh/m2 Wh/m2 Light-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Jan 1797 100% 335 166 0Feb 2810 94% 463 229 0,06Mar 4052 80% 602 298 0,2Apr 5410 77% 914 452 0,23May 6676 68% 1188 588 0,32Jun 7533 67% 1275 631 0,33Jul 6746 67% 1328 657 0,35Aug 6289 65% 999 494 0,22Sep 5228 78% 847 419 0,22Oct 3241 85% 615 304 0,15Nov 2050 93% 367 182 0,07Dec 1326 100% 312 155 0

21 /88


SHARING COMFORT

COOLING A 100,000 BTUair condiNoner with a high seasonal energy efficiency raNo (SEER) of 14 requires around 7 kW of electric power for full cooling output on a hot day. This would require over a 7 kW solar photovoltaic electricity generaNon system.

A

B

A

B

325 s.m. verNcal panels: 150,15 avg daily kWh producNon

7 kWh has generated by 13 .m. inclinated panels in the roof

22 /88


SHARING COMFORT

WIND

Facade Length (m) 61 Swept Area of a Turbine (m) 1 Space Between Turbines (m) 2.5

Space Needed at the beginning and end of Facade (m) 5.5 Number of Wind Turbines 15

Wind Speed 24km/h 6,67m/s

Wind Calcula0ons (kWh) Facade

South North SE SW NE NW

266.4 266.4 360 360 532.8 720

Yearly total (kWh) 1252.8

23 /88


SHARING COMFORT

WATER RECYCLING

NOT POSSIBLE TO EXCAVATE

POSSIBLE TO EXCAVATE

A B

A

B

24 /88


SHARING COMFORT

CAR / BIKE SHARING

Car Sharing CiNes Start Cars Users Parkings PopulaNon

Milano 2001 96 3.125 56 1.317.882

Roma 2005 107 1.945 61 2.754.440

Torino 2002 118 2.500 85 910.188

Venezia 2002 47 3.300 11 270.660

TOTAL 368 10.870 213 5.253.170

Users/Cars Cars/Parkings 29,53804348 1,727699531

Users Cars Parkings

1320 44,68 25,86

45 22

Blocks People/Block PopulaNon

44 600 26400

Bike Sharing CiNes Start Bikes StaNons PopulaNon

Milano 2008 5000 200 1.317.882

Paris 2007 20600 1450 2.193.031

Barcelona 2007 6000 400 1.621.537

TOTAL 31600 2050 5.132.450

People/Bikes Bikes/StaNons

162,41930 15

PopulaNon Bikes StaNons

26400 162,54 10,54

200 22

BLOCK INTERIOR CASE STUDIES

Paula Montal Gardens

M. MaNlde Almendros Gardens

Cesar MarNnell Gardens

Mercè Vilaret Gardens

CASE STUDY 1 – Jardins de MaNlde Almendros

Popula0on City Eixample 9 Blocks

1,621,537 266,874 4,619

Energy demand (MWh/p/year)

City Eixample Residen8al

10.52 10.52 2.968

No. Block 415 1

No. Inhabitant 266,874 640

Energy consump<on

792,082 1899.6

Roof area(sqm) 11,000 m2

Solar collector 3,300 Mwh

Facade area(sqm) 1,108 m2

Solar collector 222 Mwh

0

500

1000

1500

2000

exisNng suggested

energy consump8on

exisNng

suggested

1900 -‐ 1233 MWh

Energy gain per year :

CASE STUDY 1 – Jardins de MaNlde Almendros

CASE STUDY 2 – Jardins de PAULA MONTAL

1 building : 100.000 BTU cooling air condiNoner

Consumed : 7kW electric power

Required : 10 kW solar PV electric generated

Equal : 25 m2 inclinated panel on each roof

Total : 1000 m2 PV panel (10% roof covering)

SOLA

R PA

NEL


Energy saving : 40 * 14 * 365 =

~ 205 MWh 24% electrical energy

saving!

Offer : 20% roof covering SO

LAR PA

NEL


Personal consump0on:

50 L/day

10% of roof area

CorrecNon factor 70%

~ 360 MWh/year 40% electrical energy saving!

Capacity(per year) 514.8 KWh/m2

Area( % of roof area) 1000 m2

Tot Electricity generated/year 514800 KWh

Correc8on factor: 70% 360360 KWh/y

SOLA

R CO

LLECTO

R CASE STUDY 2 – Jardins de PAULA MONTAL

CASE STUDY 3 – Jardins de CÉSAR MARTINELL

PV Cell Calcula0on for roof

Capacity 0.5 KWh/m2

Area 4912 m2

Total Electricity generated/ day 2456 KWh

Electricity generated/ year 884160 KWh/y

Correc<on factor(Maintenance) 618912 KWh/y 0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

Energy Consumed in Building

Electricity Consumed In building

Electricity generated by PV Cells on Roof

PV Leaves on Southern Façade Considera<on opera<on <me (13 hours)

Leaf Size 0.051562 m2

Electricity generated by 1 leaf 4 W

Total area of façade 1410 m2

Number of Leaves 27345.7 Total Electricty generated due

to leaves per day 1422.0 KWh

Total Electricty generated due to leaves per year 511911.9 KWh

Total per year (70% correc<on factor) 358338.31 KWh

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

Total energy Consumed in Building

Total Electricity Consumed in Building

Electricty produced by PV Leaves

Energy Efficiency : 32.67%

Electrical Efficiency: 67.63%




Energy Generated By Solar Collector

Capacity per day 0.5 KWh/m2

Capacity per year 514.8 KWh/m2

Area(20% of half roof) 982.4 m2

Electricity generated/ year 505739.52 KWh/y

Correc<on factor(Maintenance) 354017.664 KWh/y 0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000 Energy Consumed By Residents

Electricity Consumed by Residents

Energy produced by solar Collectors



0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

Total Energy consumed by Residents

Energy produced

Total energy gain per year : 1331 Mwh !!!

Total Energy

effeciency

70.27%


•  Parks solar lights Park Solar Trees Electric Bicycle

Rain Water Collector

Total rainwater amount: ~ 95 m3

Peak season collecNon: ~ 50 m3

Gardening purpose


CASE STUDY 4 – Jardins de Mercè Vilaret

Popula0on City Eixample 9 Blocks

1,621,537 266,874 4,619

Energy demand (MWh/p/year)

City Eixample Residen8al

10.52 10.52 2.968

No. Block 415 1

No. Inhabitant 266,874 640

Energy consumpNon

792,082 1899.6

Roof area(sqm) 11,100 m2

Solar collector 3,330 Mwh

Facade area(sqm) 1,150 m2

Solar collector 230 Mwh

1894 -‐ 1325 MWh

Energy gain per year :

0

500

1000

1500

2000

exisNng suggested

energy consump8on

exisNng

suggested

CASE STUDY 4 – Jardins de Mercè Vilaret

Energy Calculation for Buildings at Global & Intermediate level

Total Energy Consumption/ person/ Y(Residential Sector) 2.96 MWh/p/y

Total Energy Consumption/ person/ Y(Transporatation Sector) 2.54 MWh/p/y

Total Energy Consumption/ person/ Y(Residential+Transporatation Sector) 5.5 MWh/p/yNumber of Blocks in Eixample= 500 numbersNumber of blocks at Intermediate level 41 numbers

Total energy Consumed by Inhabitants in 1 Block 1.89 GWh/YTotal energy Consumed by Inhabitants in 41 blocks(Intermediate level) 77.67 GWh/YTotal energy Consumed by Inhabitants in 500 blocks(Global, Eixample level) 947.2 GWh/Y

1.23 GWh/Y 0.57 GWh/Y Total Energy Produced= 1.33 GWh/Y Total Energy Produced= 1.32 GWh/Y

Efficiency= 65.0 % Efficiency= 29.8 % 70.3 % 69.7 %

04 Jardin Mercè Vilaret

Efficiency=

01 Jardin de Maria Matilda Almendros

Efficiency=

02 Jardin de Paula Montal 03 Jardin de Cesar Martinell

Total Energy Produced=

Total Energy Produced=

Summary of 4 projects

Report of the evalua0on of the global group over the design and proposals of the teams:

Shadow analysis: 1-‐ Figure 1 showing all possible sun posiNon in the sky. Sun is in a really low alNtude. 2-‐ shadow line inside the courtyard shows that The sun is entering the yard even when it is really in low alNtude. 3-‐ Any kind of solar radiaNon usage, like solar leaves is therefore possible inside the courtyard.

Figure 2. shows more specifically the division of solar energy production. 4 different case studies were analyzed.

Figure 3. shows the comparison between the actual consumpNon of energy of a block and the amount of energy which is being produced by renewable sources of energy.

Figure 1

4.36 GWh/Y77.67 GWh/Y5.61 %

Effect of 4 blocks at Intermediate level

Total energy Consumed in 41 blocksEnergy Produced by 4 designed Blocks

Efficiency

Energy Comparison between Actual and Proposed system for building sector

Energy Comparison between Actual and Proposed

system for Transportation sector

4.45 GWh/Y49.26 GWh/Y53.71 GWh/Y69.14 %

With maximum efficient system

37+4 Blocks with Jardin de Cesar Martinell Model at Intermediate levelEnergy Produced by 4 designed BlocksEnergy produced by 37 blocks Total Energy ProducedEfficiency

4.45 GWh/Y20.91 GWh/Y25.35 GWh/Y32.64 %Efficiency

With minimum efficient system

37+4 Blocks with Jardin de Paula Montal Model at Intermediate level

Energy Produced by 4 designed BlocksEnergy produced by 37 blocks Total Energy Produced

Total Energy Comparison for building and transportation sectors at intermediate level

Total Energy Comparison between three proposed systems.

With minimum efficiency of transportation and building energy system

5.75 GWh/Y

144.32 GWh/Y

3.98 %

Total Energy produced =

Total Energy Consumed

Efficiency

Energy saving with 4 Blocks + 1st stage Transportation System

Energy saving with jardin de Cesar model+ 3rd stage Transportation SystemWith maximum efficiency of transportation and building energy system

58.81 GWh/Y

144.32 GWh/Y

40.75 %

Total Energy produced = Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency

5.75 GWh/Y

144.32 GWh/Y

3.98 %Efficiency


Total Energy Consumed

58.81 GWh/Y

144.32 GWh/Y

40.75 %

Total Energy produced = Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency

Energy saving with jardin de Paula Montal model+ 2nd stage Transportation SystemWith intermediate efficiency of transportation and building energy system

28.95 GWh/Y

144.32 GWh/Y

20.06 %

Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency


Energy saving with jardin de Paula Montal model+ 2nd stage Transportation SystemWith intermediate efficiency of transportation and building energy system

28.95 GWh/Y

144.32 GWh/Y

20.06 %

Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency


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IMM ( Integrated Modification Methodology)

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