IMCI-2010 Back Up
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Transcript of IMCI-2010 Back Up
IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood IllnessBy: Apple G. Alvarez, RN, MN
Started in
1992 particularly by the UNICEF,WHO, DOH and AUSAID
Strategy Reducing
Childhood Illnesses Mortality Morbidity
Mortality Death of large numbers Number of deaths in a given place or locality
Morbidity Rate of incidence of disease
Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)Birth 1 week 2 monthsPregnancy
5 years
IMCI case management guidelines
Why 1 week to 2 months up to 5 years? First week of life Labor and Delivery
Special Management
IMCI again... CASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
First-level facility
Guidelines How to? Care brought to a clinic Illness Scheduled follow up visit to check the childs progress.
Guidelines INCLUDES:1. Instructions (routine assessment) 2. Treatment 3. Basic Activities Illness Prevention
4. Do not describe management of trauma Other acute emergencies due to accidents or injuries
4. If sought an untrained provider Too late for assessment Death! Teaching IMPORTANT > Case Process
TAKE NOTE: Understandable terms In shaking the child - GENTLE
Second hand watch.
UNDRESS the child LongitudinalPinching of the abdomen
2 months SPOON 6 months with acup
If sunken eyes - ASK if USUAL
Malaria Risk Area Davao Del Norte Davao Oriental Sarangani Sultan Kudarat
Petechiae Folds Thigh
Use pediatric cuff tourniquettest
New EPI Administrative Order BCG Hepatitis B 1st dose Before Discharge
Iodine Deficiency = Iodized Salt Anemic Pregnancy= Iron Supplement
Vit. A Deficiency =Micronutrients
Second Line =Availability of drug
Oresol Home made solution 1 teaspoon of salt 4 teaspoons of sugar 1 liter of water
Fully Immunized before 12 months of age BCG 1 DPT 1 DPT 2 DPT 3 OPV 1 OPV 2 OPV 3 HB 1 HB 2 HB 3 Measles
Problems why IMCI exist?1. The under five population is the most vulnerable group 2. Child mortality remains UNACCEPTABLY HIGH 3. Many of these deaths had no medical attendance or being seen by first level health facilities
4. First-level facilities: - undermanned/underpaid - HWs are not appropriately TRAINED - drug supply inadequate/not properly managed - inaccessible - poor laboratory support
5. Family and community profile/ practices - late help seeking behavior - poor utilization of health facilities - literacy - traditional beliefs/traditions - economic - large families - crowded, dense, polluted environment
IMCI - OBJECTIVES1. To reduce SIGNIFICANTLY global
mortality and morbidityassociated with the major causes of disease in children
2. To contribute to healthy growth and development of children
A must to take note:
TRAINING DESIGN toteach integrated management of sick infants and children to first level HWs in primary care settings that have NO laboratory support and only a limited number of essential drugs.
Action oriented CLASSIFICATIONS , rather than EXACT DIAGNOSES, are used.
A careful balance has been struck between SENSITIVITY and SPECIFICITY
Using FEW CLINICAL SIGNS as possible which health workers of diverse background can be trained to recognize
The IMCI guidelines rely on detection of cases based on SIMPLE CLINICAL SIGNS, without laboratory tests, and offer EMPIRIC TX
COLOR CODING
PINK
Severe URGENT PRE REFERRAL Hospital/Treatment
YELLOW
With
Moderate Needs
Management Rural Health Unit Specific Medical Treatment Advice
GREEN
Mild
Home Care Simple Advice
5 steps in IMCI case management1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Assess and Classify Identify Treatment Treat Counsel the Mother Follow Up
ASSESS Left side column how to take a history and do a physical examination
CLASSIFY Decision
severity of
ILLNESS
IDENTIFY TREATMENT To quickly identify treatment for the classifications Written on your case recording form.
Case Recording Form
Documentation! At the back of the form After assessment
IMPORTANT BEFORE ASSESSMENT st 1
Know which the child age belongs 1 week up to 2 months 2 months up to 5 years
nd 2 Name Age in months Weight in kilograms Temperature and etc.
Remember! Mothers knows best!
3rd
Initial Follow Up
Initial visit 1st
VISIT
Episode of Illness
Follow up visita few days ago for the same illnessCondition improved or still the same Seen
THE CASE PROCESS
I. Assess for the 4 GENERAL DANGER SIGNS Not able to drink Severe Vomiting Convulsions Abnormally Sleepy
Not able to drink If the child is: Too weak to drink Not able to suck/swallow when offered a drink/breastfeed
If the nurse is not sure upon assessment ASK THE MOTHER to offer a child to drink (clean water/breast milk) IMPORTANT: Check if the childs nose is
blocked! POOR SUCKING
Severe Vomiting EVERTHING!!
Convulsions DURING THE ILLNESS Arms and legs stiffening! Jerky Movements Loss of consciousness even if eyes are open SHIVERING !!! not a convulsion
Abnormally Sleepy Drowsy Not interested with surroundings Stares blankly No response - - even when TOUCH, SHAKEN or SPOKEN to.
If child is asleep and has COUGH or DIFFICULT Breathing, it is essential to: Count the number of breaths BEFORE waking up the CHILD Why? So it is easier to get the accurate breathing rate.
In cases, there are presences of ANY danger signs - - as in ANY...
Complete
Assessment Form
Pre referral treatment immediately! REFERRAL is not delayed!
II. Assess for COUGH / DIFFICULTY in BREATHING1. In breathing LOOK and LISTEN to STRIDOR Harsh noise when the child BREATHS IN
2. In cough HOW LONG? Chronic? More than 30 days
Rules 1-4 Count
BREATHS per minute
CHILD - - quiet and calm Do not count . . . .! Ask the mother - -> Lift the childs shirt
Fast BreathingIf the child is Fast breathing is:
1 months -12 months 50 breaths/minute or more 12 months- 5 years 40 breaths/minute or more
Is there breathing IN or OUT?NORMAL The whole chest wall and abdomen move OUT when the child breaths IN CHEST INDRAWINGThe LOWER CHEST WALL goes IN when the child BREATHS IN
Best Position to Check Lying down
Stridor means.. Harsh Noise Breathing IN Swelling of the: Larynx Trachea
Epiglottis
How to check for STIDOR?
The nurse must PUT her ear near the childs MOUTH While breathing IN and OUT Harsh noise while BREATHING OUT NOT A STRIDOR!
III. Assess for DIARHEA
IMCI definition : DIARRHEA 3 or more loose or watery stools in a 24 hour period
Questions to ask.. How long? Blood in the STOOL? Signs of DEHYDRATION?
If there is DIARRHEA Further assessment includes: Dehydration Persistent Diarrhea 14 days or more
Dysentery
Dysentery Infection of the intestine marked by severe diarrhea , usually of the lower intestinal tract
If suspected DEHYDRATIONCheck if there are signs like:
Abnormally sleepy/difficult to awaken Restless and irritable ALL THE TIME! AS IN
Sunken eyes
If the nurse is not sure, please ask the MOTHER if the manifestation is usual to the childs appearance.
Offer the child fluid - - with a CUP or a SPOONNot able to drink Not able to take fluid in mouth and swallow
Drinking poorly
If weak and cannot drink without help
Drinking eagerly, thirsty
Reaches out for the water offered
Pinch the skin of the abdomen
Skin goes back VERY SLOWLY Skin goes back SLOWLY
Longer than 2 seconds Stays for a BRIEF TIME after release
IV. Assess for FEVER
IMCI definition : FEVER History of fever no present fever but had fever within 72 hours
Feels HOT Axillary temperature =
37.5c
Checking on Malaria Risk Been in places with malaria in the past 4 weeks Look/feel for STIFF NECK If child bends/moves neck easily as he looks around Draw the childs attention to his TOES
Gently support BACK and BEND the HEAD forward to his CHIN Look for RUNNY NOSE not HISTORY of runny nose! Look for SIGNS Of MEASLES
Signs of Measles Generalized rash Any: cough, runny nose, red eyes Measles rash - behind the EARS, NECK, spreads to the face and to the rest of the BODY No vesicles or pustules no itchiness!
And if there was MEASLES now or WITHIN the last 3 months
ASSESS FOR:1. Mouth ulcers painful (inside of the mouth, lips or tongue) 2. PUS draining from the eye 3. Clouding of the cornea (hazing of the cornea)
Assess for DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER1. Only to those who are 2 months of age or older
2. Look for signs of BLEEDING/SHOCK: Bleeding from the nose & gums Skin petechiae Small hemorrhages in the skin Small dark spots/patches in the skin Not raised Not tender Not lose its color when the skin is stretched
3. Cold and clammy extremities Check for slow capillary refill (longer than 3 seconds)
4. Tourniquet Test! Done: when there are no signs in the ASK/LOOK and FEEL Is 6 months Fever is present more than 3 days
How is tourniquet test done? Rumpel-Leede CapillaryFragility Test Based on counting petechiae in a given area of the arm A blood pressure cuff is applied and inflated to a point between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Positive more than 20 petechiae per square inch - - caused by a minor hemorrhage). After application of the rubber cuff sphygmomanometer 5 minutes.
IV. Assess for EAR PROBLEM