CULTURE AND EDUCATIONAND

IMAM GHAZALI VIEWS ON EDUCATION

TARIQ ALI

Cell No : 03469196279 &

03347027177

E-mail: tariq_shah98@yahoo.com

BY TARIQ ALI

CULTUREThe way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time.(clothing, houses shapes , dishes) CUSTOMA way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time.

BELIEFS

The feeling of being certain that something exists or is true belief, principle or way of acting which people in a particular society or group have continued to follow for a long time, or all of these beliefs, etc. in a particular society or group.

TRADITIONS A belief, principle or way of acting which people in a particular society or group have continued to follow for a long time, or all of these beliefs, etc. in a particular society or group

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CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

2. FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVES

3. SELECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF CONTENTS

4. TEACHING METHODOLOGY

5. EVALUATION

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Abu Hamid al-Ghazali was born in the city of Tus, northern Persia (Iran), in the year 450t-i/1058Al-Ghazali, known in Europe as Algazel

Al-Ghazali studied in Jurjan and Naisapur and became the head of the Nizamiya school in Baghdad, where he was involved in the political and religious issues of his time. He gave up his position of influence to take up devotional retreat in Damascus. From this important period of his life came the masterpiece Ihya Ulum al-Deen, The Revivification of the Religious Sciences. This, along with his other distinguished works, Ayuhal Walad and Bidayatul Hidayah made a great contribution to the development of educational philosophy.

According to Al-Ghazali, "knowledge exists potentially in the human soul like the seed in the soil; by learning the potential becomes actual."

He has divided knowledge into two parts:

1… Religious knowledge (Revealed religion), And

2…. Secular (or instrumental/Adopted Religion) knowledge (Ilm al-Áliyah).

The former is acquired from the Qur’an and Sunnah. It is the most dignified knowledge and it is without doubt.

The second type of knowledge is needed to enhance the understanding of the former since it was a revelation.

Imam al-Ghazali subdivided the secular subjects into

three subcategories:

1. Beneficial knowledge: This

encapsulates those sciences that will benefit society

and helps it to progress, e.g. medical knowledge and

mathematics. Accordingly, the acquisition of these

sciences and disciplines is Fard al-Kifayyah, i.e. if nobody

acquires it, then the entire Muslim community of a

particular locality will be sinful.

2. Neutral Knowledge: This category encapsulates those disciplines that

will not really enhance one’s beneficial knowledge but there is nothing wrong if they are studied, e.g. the History/Ideology/Politics/Religions/Beliefs.

3.Harmful Knowledge: This category comprises of those disciplines

which are harmful, such as Black Magic and Gambling. It is therefore, haram to acquire such knowledge.