Imagine your computer, phone, or mp3 player….Are all your songs randomly placed, or do you have them organized in

some way?

But Why?When you have a lot of information, it is best to organize and group items so that you can find them easily and

see their relationship to other items…that is why we classify

Why Classify?

There are 1.5 million species named and 2 - 100 million species yet to be discovered.

Taxonomy And Classification

Classification - the grouping of information or objects based on their

similarities.

Taxonomy - the study of the classification of organisms.

Classification and Taxonomy…

•Sets up an organized system so scientists can communicate.

•Shows evolutionary linkages between organisms.

•Has led to important discoveries including new medicines and new sources of energy.

Classifying With A Dichotomous Key

Keys help scientists to identify unknown organisms.

Dichotomous Key• Gives 2 choices

• Choose the best answer• Leads to further choices that narrow selection

• Eventually identify organism

Meet LinnaeusDeveloped the hierarchical system of

classification we use today

Developed binomial nomenclature

Hello

How Are Living Things Classified?

Organisms are classified based on 3 things:1. Biochemical analysis (DNA)2. Structure3. Behavior

Living things are organized into different sized hierarchical groups called taxa.

Hierarchical Classification System

KingdomPhylum

ClassOrderFamilyGenus Species

Mnemonics…To Help You Remember

King

Phillip

Came

Over

For

Good

Soup

Now come up with your

own…

So we have them organized into groups…now how do we name

them?

This is a Puma concolor

…a what?!?

Why Do We Using These Crazy Scientific Names?

Developed to avoid confusion of common names.

Depending on where you live you might recognize this as a

mountain lion, a puma, a cougar, or a panther, all of which are common names

Binomial NomenclatureTo avoid confusion of common names

scientists developed this system of naming with the following rules:

•2 parts

•Must be in latin

•Must be in italics

•1st word - Genus - Must be capitalized

•2nd word - Species - Must be lowercase

Binomial NomenclatureCommon Name: Dog

Scientific Name: Canis familiaris

(Genus) (species)

Binomial NomenclatureCommon Name: Human

Scientific Name: ?

Illustrating Relationships Between Organisms

Cladograms

• A picture/tree that groups organisms based on traits

• Identifies evolutionary relationships

Cladograms

Cladograms

Cladogram Lab

The 6 Kingdoms

The 6 Kingdoms•Remember Kingdom is the largest of the taxonomic groups

•All organisms can be placed into 1 of the 6 kingdoms

•Classification into a kingdom is based on these criteria…

•Number of cells

•Mode of nutrition

•Type of cell

•Cell structure

EubacteriaMajor Traits

• Prokaryote• Unicellular

• Autotroph or Heterotroph• Cell wall with peptidoglycan

Examples• Streptocococcus

•E. coli

ArchaebacteriaMajor Traits

• Prokaryote• Unicellular

• Autotroph or Heterotroph• Cell wall without peptidoglycan

Examples• Methanogens

Eubacteria & Archaebacteriacan be combined to be considered

the kingdom monera

ProtistaMajor Traits

• Eukaryote• Most Unicellular

• Autotroph or Heterotroph• Cell walls of cellulose

Examples• Amoeba• Paramecium• Slime Molds• Giant Kelp

FungiMajor Traits

• Eukaryote• Most Multicellular• Heterotroph

• Cell wall with chitin

Examples• Mushrooms

•Yeast

PlantaeMajor Traits

• Eukaryote• Multicellular• Autotroph

• Cell wall of cellulose

Examples• Mosses• Ferns

• Flowering Plants

AnimaliaMajor Traits

• Eukaryote• Multicellular• Heterotroph• No cell wall

Examples• Sponges• Insects• Fish

• Mammals