Imagine you are a European Imagine you are a European citizen whose country has been citizen whose country has been demolished by WWI.demolished by WWI.

The Great Depression knows no The Great Depression knows no boundaries and like 25 %of your boundaries and like 25 %of your population, you are unemployed.population, you are unemployed.

A state election has been called, A state election has been called, who would you vote for?who would you vote for?

Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies

and unfortunately suffer from ailing health.

Contestant #2I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude

Contestant #3I am a decorated war hero,

do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Contestant #3Contestant #2Contestant #1

Now- think about:Now- think about: What is more important, individual rights What is more important, individual rights

or rights of the nation as a whole?or rights of the nation as a whole? In times of crisis, how much control In times of crisis, how much control

should be given to the police and military should be given to the police and military in a country?in a country?

Who should control the media Who should control the media (government or corporations)?(government or corporations)?

Can a government that has only one Can a government that has only one leader be effective?leader be effective?

What is it?What is it?When would it When would it be useful?be useful?

Government establishes complete control of all Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the stateaspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural)(political, military, economy, social, cultural)

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)uniforms)

Strict controls and laws Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military)Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers,

posters)posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leaderTotal conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear Terror and Fear

Treaty of Versailles

Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes

Great Depressionduring 1930s

Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize

state control-For example: Communism,

Nazism, Fascism

Total Controlof State by a

Dictator

Nazism

FascismCommunism*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

Totalitarianism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953.

What is Communism?

• LEFT WING• Revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society”• state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.

What is Fascism?

• RIGHT WING• intense nationalism and elitism• totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights• maintain class system and private ownership

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism?

• extremely fascist/nationalistic •based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party• belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race”• belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe•Violent hatred towards Jews

Dictators Expand TerritoryDictators Expand TerritoryBeginning in early 1930s, Germany, Italy and Japan all began campaigns to acquire territory

Other nations, burned out by WWI, reluctant to stop them

Japan Invades ChinaJapan Invades China 1931 – Japan attacks 1931 – Japan attacks

Manchuria in northern Manchuria in northern ChinaChina

Japan wanted more Japan wanted more natural resources for its natural resources for its growing population growing population (Manchuria is rich in (Manchuria is rich in natural resources)natural resources)

1937 Rape of Nanking: 1937 Rape of Nanking: Thousands murderedThousands murdered

No response No response internationallyinternationally

Italy invades EthiopiaItaly invades Ethiopia

1935 – Italy 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in invaded Ethiopia in AfricaAfrica

Mussolini wanted Mussolini wanted new areas to new areas to expand his empire expand his empire in Africain Africa

League of Nations League of Nations does nothingdoes nothing

Ukrainian FamineUkrainian Famine 1933: Stalin creates a 1933: Stalin creates a

famine in Ukrainefamine in Ukraine Ukraine's rich farming Ukraine's rich farming

was exploited by Stalin was exploited by Stalin (Soviets)(Soviets)

Soldiers seized crops Soldiers seized crops and people's foodand people's food

7 million Ukrainians 7 million Ukrainians dieddied

No response No response internationallyinternationally