Orthodontics

Protraction Headgear

Chin Caps/Cups

Elastomeric ligatures

Elastomeric Chain

Elastomeric Tube

Elastomeric Bands

Extraoral Elastics

Open Configuration Coil Springs

Closed Configuration Coil Springs

Soft-Grade Stainless Steel Ligatures

Transpalatal Arch

Nance’s Palatal Arch

Lingual Arch

Lip Bumper

Quadhelix

Banded RME with HYRAX screw

Bonded RME with SUPERscrew

Separating elastics

Levelling and Aligning

Overbite Reduction

Burstone-type intrusion arch Ricketts utility arch

Overjet Reduction

Overjet Reduction

Finishing

Andresen & Harvold activators

Bionator

Activators combined with headgear

Medium opening activator (MOA)

Functional Regulators

Twin Block

Lateral open bite

TB + FA for CII/2 correction

Herbst Appliance

Wax bite registration

Hawley retainers

Begg retainers

Spring or Barrer retainers

Fixed retainers

Fixed retainers

Mini screws placed in alveolar bone to provide anchorage during overjet

reduction

Midline palatal implant providing anchorage via a palatal arch

Components of headgear showing Kloehn facebow (KF), neck-strap(NS) and safety-release headgear springs (SR)

Headgear

Headgear Injury

Self-releasing neck- strap to prevent catapult injury

NITOM locking facebowdesigned to prevent accidental

disengagement

Centreline shift dueto LRC loss Premolar crowding

due to early UREsloss

Space Maintainers

Ectopic Eruption

Retained Deciduous Teeth

Infraocclusion

Hypodontia

Supernumerary Teeth

Supernumerary Teeth

Supernumerary Teeth

Odontome

Megadontia

Microdontia

Double Teeth

Talon Cusp

Dilaceration

Taurodontism

Anterior Crossbite

Class III

Abnormalities of toothstructure

Maxillary permanent canines palpable in the buccal sulcus. The canine position is given away by the inclination of the permanent

lateral incisor crowns

Coronal tip of both maxillary canines lie midway along the roots of the lateralincisors on the panoramic radiograph; whilst on the anterior occlusal

radiograph they are clearly midway along the crowns of the lateral incisors. These canines have moved down as the X-ray tube has moved up and are

therefore buccally positioned

The coronal tips of both maxillary canines are situated just below the apices of the lateral incisors on the panoramic radiograph; whilst on the periapical

radiographsthey are in a similar position. These canines have not moved significantly as the X-ray tube has moved and are therefore situated in the line of the dental

arch.

The UL3 is situated below the root apex of the UL2 on the panoramic radiograph; whilst on the anterior occlusal radiograph it is now situated

above the tip. The canine has moved up as the X-ray tube has moved up and is therefore positioned palatally

Improvement in the position of an impacted maxillarycanine after extraction of its deciduous predecessor

(arrowed).

Surgical open (left panels) and closed (rightpanels) exposure and of a palatally impactedUL3 followed by orthodontic alignment.

Autotransplantation of an impacted UL3 in an adult patient. Fixed appliances were used to

create some space for this tooth prior totransplantation.

Poorly positioned maxillary canines electively extracted as part of an

orthodontic treatment plan. The maxillary first premolar makes a good

substitute for the canine.

Resorption of the UR2 (left) and the UR2, UR1 and UL2 (right) root apices in association with

impacted maxillary canines.

Marked resorption of the UR1 in association with an impacted canine.

The UR1 was extracted, the canine brought down into the arch and

then modified with composite to resemble the central incisor.

Primary failure of eruption affecting the LR6

Correction of bilateral Mx.C.P1 transpositions using a fixed appliance.

Adam’s clasp

Southened Clasp

Ball-ended Clasp

C Clasp

Labial Bow

Palatal Finger Spring

Buccal Canine Retractor

Z Spring

T Spring

Robert’s Retractor