IMAGE

IMAGE

pre-1981

1981 (DE-1/SAI)

2000 (IMAGE/EUV)

J. L. Burch, Principal Investigator (SwRI)

T. E. Moore, Project Scientist (NASA/GSFC)

P. H. Reiff, Co-Investigator (Rice Univ.)

Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration

Senior Review PresentationJuly 9, 2001

Reprise for YosemiteFebruary 8, 2002

“The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyes.” - M. Proust

IMAGE Senior Review Presentation • July 9, 2001

Purpose of the Senior Review:Allocate scarce MO&DA resources for missions.

Strong impetus to turn off missions whose additional science is not as cost-effective

Winners: IMAGE, ClusterLoser: IMP-J


The extended IMAGE mission focuses on geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of the solar cycle.

The evolution of the IMAGE orbit provides a new, mid- and low-latitude and ultimately southern hemisphere viewing perspective.


The sunspot cycle has passed a double peak, and the

magnetic field flip. It should be on its way down now. But

CIR storms and major storms can still occur (like Aug 1972)


Prime Mission(2000-2002)

• solar maximum

• high-latitude, northern hemisphere viewing

Extended Mission(2002-2005)

• declining phase of the solar cycle

• mid- & low-latitude, southern hemisphere viewing(e.g. plasmasphere refilling, RC pitch angle hanges)


Extended Mission(2005)

Perigee over theNorthern hemisphere

Allows good correlation

With ground-basedinstrumentation

And VLF propagationExperiments;

excellent aspect for ENA imaging

•


Solar Cycle Dependence of Ionospheric Outflow

Magnetic Field-aligned Plasma Dynamics

Dynamics and Structural Changes in the Magnetopause and Cusp

Cusp Plasma Injection

Field-aligned Densities and the Closed Field Line Length overSubstorm Time Scales

Ring Current Pitch Angle Distributions; storm dynamics

Substorms versus storms; convection jets and eddies

Plasmasphere Refilling Dynamics

High-resolution Ionospheric Imaging

Specific studies to be undertaken during the new mission include:

Most of these studies are made possible by the new viewing perspective that results from the precession of the IMAGE orbit to middle and low latitudes.

Open data policy encourages collaborations with other missions and new initiatives from non-team members (Guest Investigators and others).


Geomagnetic Activity at Solar Max vs. during Declining Phase of the Solar Cycle

Bastille Day Storm, 15-18 July 2000

How does the inner magnetosphererespond to CIRs?

How does a cooler exosphere affectpolar ion outflow?

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Examples of New Science Results

Since Proposal Submission


IMAGE provides first global look at substorm tail dynamics.

Stretched tail field.Dense plasmasheet

Dipolarization andinjections reachgeosynchronous.Auroral onset.

Injectioncomplete

Suncontamination

Ions drift earthwardin dipolarization E-fieldfaster than they can bereplenished from tailconvection field

Flux increasedue to conservationof adiabatic invariance


IMAGE/RPI’s ability to observe ducted echoes makes possible the determination of field-aligned densities and field-line length and topology, including refilling after drainage.


IMAGE discovers source of kilometric continuum radiation.

EUV imager observes previously unknown “bite outs” in plasmasphere.

RPI demonstrates that kilometric continuum is generated deep within bite outs and is beamed along magnetic equator from a confined source region.


IMAGE sounds the magnetopause - putting “M” into IMAGE.

.

RPI observes the magnetopause echoes (getting farther away) while the plasmapause echoes become closer.

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IMF Dependence of Subauroral Proton Emissions: the “Q” Aurora

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Study seasonal and solar cycle variations in solar windneutral flux

Search for ENAs formed by charge exchange between solar wind ions and interstellar neutrals, and as interaction betweenthe solar wind and exosphere - magnetosheath!

Determine the angular width and start and stop dates of theinterstellar neutral signal observed between late December and early February

In addition to its investigation of the geospace environment, IMAGEwill continue to exploit LENA’s unique capability to observe solar wind and interstellar neutrals. Specifically, IMAGE will:

Although primarily a magnetospheric mission, IMAGE contributes to understandingof how the Sun and the galaxy interact (Quest III, SEC Roadmap 2000).


IMAGE detects solar wind and interstellar neutrals.

Theory:

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

0 100 200 300

sun_pulse_ltt_09.plt

IOC level (x4)

nominal ops level

ppsp level (x0.33)

ppsp stepping (x0.33)

ppsp level (x0.33)

Tsurutani et al., 1994 events

LENA H rate [counts/s](sun sector apogee)

day of year 2000/2001

radiation stormMexican Aurora

Storm

Observation: Annual Variation of Solar Wind ENA

Seasonal variationof solar wind neutral atoms as probe of gas and dust in theinner heliosphere

Theory: Hydrogen Flux at Earth

Years after Solar Maximum


PMEC: polarization fields making major changes in ENA location, localized E-fields make biteouts or shoulders

Q-aurora: low-altitude evidence of plasma tail, drainage plume?

DUCTS: Evidence of wrapped-up plasma tails??

New Questions, areas of research:

CUSP ACCELERATED IONS: need to nail that down

ANTIPARALLEL RECONNECTION: how resolve the IMAGE results with other low latitude results that look more like component merging?

RING CURRENT/Plasmasphere interactions

And many many many more exciting results that have been presented in this meeting!!

Years after Solar Maximum


IMAGE provides real-time auroral imaging to the NOAA Space Environment Center.*

http://www.sec.noaa.gov/IMAGE/

Given the importance of the plasma drainage tail,Maybe we should also have EUV data realtime!

(Foster’s report this meeting)

*IMAGE will provide critical extended auroral imaging thatPolar will lose once its fuel is depleted.


The IMAGE / POETRY team will continue its highly successful education and outreach activities...

Participation in teacher workshops; formal collaboration with Earth & Space

Science Magnet School in Houston

Development and distribution of IMAGE-

based educational materials

Communication of exciting results to public via popular

press and Web

Participation in museum and planetarium

programs

Influencing the treatment of aurora and the geospace environment in both undergraduate astronomy textbooks and K-12 science books adopted by county and state curriculum committees

…with particular emphasis on:


The IMAGE / POETRY team will continue its highly successful education and outreach activities...

Working with GSFC Education Office to design a Nation’s Space Science Education Matrix to implement systemic change in space science education

NASA Connect program on SEC missions, to feature IMAGE (3/2002).

'Invisible Earth Systems' poster which integrates POETRY activities and national standards in the topic area of systems science.

Space Weather planetarium show at Adler Planetarium, April 2002

Distribution of revised undergraduate textbooks...sample page

More propagation to ground experiments with INSPIRE

POETRY web site upgrades

Continue to advertise our resources to educators (NSTA, etc.)

IMAGE Mission Stars in NASA/CONNECT TV Program

DATA ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT: Having a Solar Blast!

Starts airing: Thursday, March 28, 2002, 11 am ET Runtime: 28:30

NASA engineers and researchers use data analysis and measurement to predict solar storms, anticipate how they will affect the Earth, and improve our understanding of the Sun-Earth system.

Mathematics: data analysis, measurement Science: science as inquiry, unifying concepts and processes, physical science, Earth and space science, science and technology, science in personal and

social perspectives. NASA Research: SOlar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE)

Dr. Sten Odenwald (IMAGE/POETRY) is the on-camera scientist who works with Hosts to explain IMAGE mission and the importance of space weather research. The Script breakdown is:

IMAGE Mission……850 wordsSOHO Mission….….300 wordsACE Mission……….150 words

National Reach:380,000 teachers subscribe to CONNECT2.8 million students watch the program10 episodes per year.


Like the prime mission, the IMAGE extended mission addresses key NASA goals and objectives set forth in the Space Science Enterprise Strategic Plan and the SEC Roadmap.


The IMAGE extended mission advances our efforts to:

• learn how galaxies, stars, and planets form,interact, and evolve

• understand our changing Sun and its effectsthroughout the solar system

• share the excitement and knowledge generatedby scientific discovery and improve

science education

• develop the knowledge to improve our under-standing of space weather


IMAGE Makes Critical Contributions to the OSS Strategic Plan

Chart the evolution of the Universe from origins to destinyand understand its galaxies, stars, planets, and life.

Share the excitement and know-ledge generated by scientificdiscovery and improve scienceeducation.

Use robotic science missions asforerunners to human explorationbeyond low-Earth orbit.

Develop new technologies toenable innovative and lessexpensive research and flightmissions.

Goal Objective IMAGE Contribution

Learn how galaxies, stars, and planets form, interact, and evolve.

Understand our changing Sun and its effects throughout the Solar System.

Share the excitement of space science discoveries with the public.

Enhance the quality of science, math, and technology education, particularly at the pre-college level.

Help create 21st century workforce.

Develop the knowledge to improve space weather.

Acquire new technical approaches and capabilities.

Validate new technologies in space.

Apply and transfer technology.

Image s.w.-mag. Interactions.

Find long-term variation of ISNs.

Search for ISNs from termination shock.Compare CME and CIR storms

Popular articles, museum and planetarium exhibits

Teacher workshops, pre-college and college curriculum development

Undergraduate and graduate research opportunities

Nearly continuous multi-spectral imaging of geospace

Real-time data link for NOAA

Comprehensive set of new magnetospheric imaging technologies developed, validated in space, and published.


The IMAGE extended mission addresses three of the fourfundamental quests set forth in the 2000 SEC Roadmap.

Quest II. How do the planets respond tosolar variations?

Quest III. How do the Sun and galaxyinteract?

Quest IV. How does solar variabilityaffect life and society?

And the IMAGE extended mission offers an effective and imaginative approachto the SEC E/PO goals described in the Roadmap.

IMAGE provides nearly continuous global imaging of the solar-wind magnetosphere interaction at solar maximum and, during an extended mission, during the declining phase.

IMAGE obtains measurements of interstellar neutrals and is conducting a search for neutral atoms produced at the termination shock.

As the first space weather satellite, IMAGE provides the only global monitor of space weather.

Keep up the good work!!

IMAGE

Documents

Transcript of IMAGE