Ima PLACENCIA inmaculada.placencia-porrero@cec.eu.int

Francois Junique

European Commission - Information Society Directorate-GeneralUnit “eInclusion”

http://europa.eu.int/information_society/topics/citizens/accessibility/http://www.cordis.lu/ist/so/einclusion/

eAccessibility and web Accessibility

European Actions

eAccessibility and web Accessibility

European Actions

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EYPD2003

Unit eInclusionUnit eInclusion

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e-Europee-Europe

• Lisbon e-Europe initiative “an Information Society for All”

• e-Europe Action Plan 2002:

• e-Accessibility EC DG EMPL + INFSO ESDIS / eAccessibility Experts WG

• “Accessibility of Public Web Sites and their Content” (ref. WAI)• EC Communication (Sept-2001) to EP, Council, CoR, ESC

• Council Resolutions (March-2002 + Dec-2002)

• CoR Opinion (May-2002) , ESC Opinion (Feb-2002)

• EP Resolution (June-2002)

• e-Europe Action Plan 2002 – “WAI” final report

• EYPD2003 + e-Europe Action Plan 2005

• eAccessibility Communication

• i2010

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Communication, Opinions and Resolutions and MS situationsCommunication, Opinions and Resolutions and MS situations

• Commitment

• WCAG1 conformance level A (MEP’s wish for AA)• some MS: level AA and/or legislation

• Web sites

• National/Federal level (MS) + EU institutions

• Regional, Local

• Extension to publicly funded projects, and investigation on how to act on commercial or social private sites

• Support Actions

• Training,awareness, tools, best practices exchange, RTD

• Monitoring: Comparable data => Common methodology

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Web: Levels of Accessibility MonitoringWeb: Levels of Accessibility Monitoring

Questionnaire to MS and to EU institutions

Not yet in place

=> Synthetic Reporting to EP and Council (end 2003)

Guidelines Compliance and Accessibility Assessment, delegation of tasks, possible feedback to author and labelling

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In each JurisdictionIn each Jurisdiction

Label

Comparable data Common MethodologyComparable data Common Methodology

Questionnaire on Support

Actions

Sites inventory

+ comments

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Accessibility of public Web Sites and their content (pages, material, applications) Accessibility of public Web Sites and their content (pages, material, applications)

European Commission services + ESDIS HG + e-Accessibility Experts Group

National level Organisations

National Government responsible entities

European level Organisations EuroAccessibility

Monitoring Methodology

and Infrastructure

Overall Progress Indicators(+ possibly individual marking)

other Survey Expertise ?

CEiii experts ?

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Monitoring SupportMonitoring Support

• W3C / WAI / EOWG + FP5 / IST / AMs

• material, support, methodologies, v2, …

• Possible FP6 / IST RTD projects (for the future)

• Some MS initiatives reported by ESDIS / e-Acc. Experts WG (D, UK, IRL first results apparently not brilliant)+ Euro-Accessibility initiative (MS NGOs) ?

• DG INFSO e-Gov/e-Inclusion TopOfTheWeb contract(2500 publics sites in EU, first results soon, apparently not brilliant)

• EU Institutions level

• EC / Europa Quality-Control (DG Press + Ascii contractor)

• Others ?

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Questionnaire (for each Juridiction/institution)Questionnaire (for each Juridiction/institution)

• Official framework and responsible bodies (decision, implementation, monitoring)?

• Magnitude of the task and inventory of sites?

• Monitoring methodology in place (if any)?

• Accessibility situation (measured or estimated)?

• Main actors (politicians, services, contractors)?

• Training available and used, qualifications required /procurement clauses?

• Tools for authoring and repairing, editorial contracts?

• Quality control or certification system?

• Issues related to Web Applications or Documents (e.g. PDF, Office formats)

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European Institutions

Member States (national/federal level)

Regions and Municipalities

Ceiii

ESDIS + eAcc. Exp. WG

Policy-makers,Managers, IRMs,

Web-masters, Web-scribesTrainers, Monitors, …

EC: DG EMPL / Disability / Knowledge Society DG INFSO / Disable & Elderly

Monitoring• commitment• efforts, progress

EC

QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

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Short term monitoring (superficial)Short term monitoring (superficial)

• ““Top-of-the-Web” E-Government EC projectTop-of-the-Web” E-Government EC project

• 2500 sites all over Europe, e-services oriented

• Methodology designed in collaboration with NL Bartimeus (representing WAI) but simplified to enter in the given budget. About 15 checkpoints.

• Automatic process based on CynthiaSays (Prof. version) for detecting bad points (home pages + up to 250 subpages)

• Human checkup when no bad points detected (home page plus up to 5 pages per checkpoint)

• More info & results next time (aggregation issues)

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Automatic Assessment ToolsAutomatic Assessment Tools

• Specifications availability and Tools validation?Specifications availability and Tools validation?

• Commercial products (European?, localised?), Commercial products (European?, localised?), National products? National products?

• Causes for the apparent missing open source Causes for the apparent missing open source approach (niche market? competition benefits? …)approach (niche market? competition benefits? …)

• Complementary tools regarding language Complementary tools regarding language complexity analysis complexity analysis

• Mixing or not page assessment and site pages Mixing or not page assessment and site pages walking processeswalking processes

• Semi-automatic tools, AI-based toolsSemi-automatic tools, AI-based tools

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Complementary preliminary monitoringComplementary preliminary monitoring

• Nov.2002 Report from Ireland (DCU/Rince)Nov.2002 Report from Ireland (DCU/Rince)

• Barry McMullin team (EDeAN member, Euro-Accessibility partner)

• Current extension to other countries (not public specific)

• OthersOthers

• NL Bartimeus approach (partly used in our “Top-of-the-Web” e-Government project)

• Fraunhofer development (D): open-source possibility?

• RobAcc project (NO/DK) + OCAWA (F) : AI potentials

• Euro-Accessibility ???

• Common risk: only negative aspects highlightedCommon risk: only negative aspects highlighted

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W3C / WAI

2

1

½

WCAG1.0 & associated Techniques + Checkpoints WCAG2.0 & assoc.

Techn. Checkpoints + Test-lists + Eval. Suite

Web Sites Eval. Suite

WCAG1 Testlists + Web Sites Eval. Suite

UWEM: WCAG1.0 & 2.0 migration + EU Web Acc. Indicators (public/ priv. sites, nat./ regional)

Prototype of an EU Web Accessibility Observatory, incl. Sites Inventory

Prototype of an EU Labelling Scheme (incl. delivering centres and accreditation authority(ies)

- R&D on automation for complex criteria- Test suites for WCAG2.0 Assess. Tools- R&D on compl. usability criteria

Standardisation

Adoption

Standardisation e.g. CEN WSA + CEN keymark

AdoptionIndicators recognition

Observatory

WCAG 1.0 adopted for EU public

sites (2002)

already in some Member States

already in some Member States

methodologiesmethodologies

legislationslegislations

labelslabels

monitoringmonitoring

Figure 2: Subsequent EU level actions required after WAB completion

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WAB clusterWAB cluster

• IntroductionIntroduction

• Evaluation procedures and conformanceEvaluation procedures and conformance

• Scope of a Web site and methods for samplingScope of a Web site and methods for sampling

• Evaluation guidelines and checklistsEvaluation guidelines and checklists

• Aggregation of test results and reporting of resultsAggregation of test results and reporting of results

• User testing protocolsUser testing protocols

• Scoring and reporting resultsScoring and reporting results

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Methodology: ConclusionMethodology: Conclusion

• Still a lot of work to be doneStill a lot of work to be done

• To keep in mind when designing the methodology To keep in mind when designing the methodology

• Transfer (on long term ?) to National, European or International bodies for standardisation

+ statistics collection/survey• see recent interest by ISI/IAOS Tokyo2001, OECD, UN, …

to ICT & Internet related matters• Web accessibility is a “science” or still an “art”

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This is to be achieved by :This is to be achieved by :

• Promoting eInclusion as a core horizontal building block in the establishment of the Information Society

• Supportive complementary measures and activities: socio-economic, regulatory, educational, ethical, policy making and standardisation

• co-operation with external partners and other Commission services

To contribute to the inclusion in the information society of all Europeans, in particular persons with disabilities and older people, by stimulating

European R&D and policy efforts in the area of eInclusion.

All Europeans have the right to participate fully and without discrimination in the information and knowledge society

M i s s i o n

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• Technology-based products & services are everywhereTechnology-based products & services are everywhere

• To make them To make them accessibleaccessible, a twin approach is needed, a twin approach is needed

• Research-based technology development

• Politically-supported policies to create a favourable industrial / market environment

• Complementary measuresComplementary measures

Raising awareness Policy coordination

Legislation Standardisation

Public Procurement Education

Social dialogue Monitoring &benchmarking

Mainstreaming accessibility

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eEurope policy achievmentseEurope policy achievments

• 2000 ->2002 eEurope 2002 2000 ->2002 eEurope 2002

• Design for all and assistive technologies standardization;

• Creation of an European Network on Design for All;

• Setting of the eAccessibility Expert group.

• 2002 -> 2005 eEurope 20052002 -> 2005 eEurope 2005

• Adoption of WAI guidelines

• Mainstream eAccessibility in eServices (eHealth, eGov, etc);

• Explore eAccessibility requirements in Public Procurement;

• Pilot courses based on a European DfA curriculum.

• Communication on e AccessibilityCommunication on e Accessibility

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Deployment of existing European policies is uneven and slow

Industry lacks incentive to mainstream eAccessibility

Accessible ICT goods and services are not competitive enough

increasing the risk of digital divide

Communication on eAccessibility Why now ?

Communication on eAccessibility Why now ?

eAccessibility Communication aims at promoting a consistent eAccessibility Communication aims at promoting a consistent

approach to EU eAccessibility initiatives in the Member states, on a approach to EU eAccessibility initiatives in the Member states, on a

voluntary basis, and at fostering industry self regulation to better voluntary basis, and at fostering industry self regulation to better

meet market needsmeet market needs

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Action is needed to foster EU-wide solutions

• The ICT market is not providing enough timely solutions The ICT market is not providing enough timely solutions

• Technical requirements & standards being developed nationallyTechnical requirements & standards being developed nationally

Increase the availability of quality Increase the availability of quality AccessibleAccessible ICT products and services in Europe ICT products and services in Europe

Policy objectivePolicy objective

Public ProcurementPublic Procurement

• Possible use of accessibility requirements for ICT products and services as specifications and criteria to select bids

CertificationCertification

• Council (Jan 2003) has called for an “eAccessibility mark”

LegislationLegislation

• Full eAccessibility potential of current legislation needs exploring

Commission Communication on eAccessibility (1)

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eAccessibilityeAccessibility aims at overcoming the technical barriers that people experience aims at overcoming the technical barriers that people experience

when trying to participate on equal terms in the Information Society.when trying to participate on equal terms in the Information Society.

Concerns at least 20% of the European population (about 90 M)

Represents a growing market due to the demographic shift

63% of people with disabilities are 45 years or older

..

eAccessibility CommunicationAn Information Society for All

eAccessibility CommunicationAn Information Society for All

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• Consultation from 10/Jan until 12/Febr/2005

• 489 replies received – all expectations exceeded!

• Good coverage of target groups

• Nearly 55% of respondents were experts/ professionals

• 1 out of 4 uses some type of eAccessibility product/ service

• Although optional, nearly 65% of respondents chose to

identify themselves

Commission Communication on eAccessibility

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RESPONDENT’S PROFILE

Private individuals 57.1%... among which:

o Persons with disabilities21.1%o Persons > 60 years old7.9%

Organisations 39.9%... among which:

o Public Agencies 19%o Manufacturers, providers or sellers of eAccessibility products & services 22.6%o University Research Groups 8,7%o User Associations, Consumer Associations or similar (non-profit) 17.4%o Business Associations9.2%o Others 22.7%

Commission Communication on eAccessibility (4)

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Should Administrations buy only eAccessible products ?

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

YES

NO

Don´t know

Need to increase availability of eAccessible products ?

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

YES

NO

Don´t know

Should European Institutions take the initiative ?

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

YES

NO

Don´t know

Stakeholder consultation

1

2

3

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Communication on eAccessibility

ApproachApproach• Improve the consistency of eAccessibility requirements in Public Procurement• Explore the possible benefits of certification schemes and standardisation for accessible products• Make better use of the «eAccessibility potential» of existing

legislation

. . . . Complemented by several . . Complemented by several background measuresbackground measures

• Accessibility requirements and standards. Accessibility requirements and standards.

• Design for AllDesign for All

• Web accessibilityWeb accessibility

• Benchmark and monitoring. Benchmark and monitoring.

• Research and technological development.Research and technological development.

Progress will be reviewed in two years from now when additional

measures may be proposed including new legislation

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Public procurement: the ICT marketPublic procurement: the ICT market

• Revised public procurement DirectivesRevised public procurement Directives

• PP 16% EU gross domestic product 1500 Billion EurosPP 16% EU gross domestic product 1500 Billion Euros

• ICT sector 6% EU GDPICT sector 6% EU GDP

• European public sector ICT average spending is 0,8 % of European public sector ICT average spending is 0,8 % of GDP =76billion EuroGDP =76billion Euro

• The European average of public sector ICT spend that goes The European average of public sector ICT spend that goes to external services such as consultancy and outsourcing is to external services such as consultancy and outsourcing is 16% 16%

• Overall growth rate for public sector ICT across EU is 3.3%Overall growth rate for public sector ICT across EU is 3.3%

• Total value of the ICT market in Europe is 594 billion EuroTotal value of the ICT market in Europe is 594 billion Euro

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Public Procurement DirectivesPublic Procurement Directives

• The preambles to the revised Directives (paragraph 29 of Directive The preambles to the revised Directives (paragraph 29 of Directive 2004/18/EC and paragraph 42 of Directive 2004/17/EC) now state that:2004/18/EC and paragraph 42 of Directive 2004/17/EC) now state that:

“ “Contracting authorities should, whenever possible, lay down technical Contracting authorities should, whenever possible, lay down technical specifications so as to take into account accessibility criteria for specifications so as to take into account accessibility criteria for people with disabilities or design for all users.”people with disabilities or design for all users.”

• In addition, the specific Articles on technical specifications (Article 23, In addition, the specific Articles on technical specifications (Article 23, Paragraph 1 of Directive 2004/18/EC and Article 34, Paragraph 1 of Paragraph 1 of Directive 2004/18/EC and Article 34, Paragraph 1 of Directive 2004/17/EC) now state that:Directive 2004/17/EC) now state that:

“ “Whenever possible [these] technical specifications should be defined Whenever possible [these] technical specifications should be defined so as to take into account accessibility criteria for people with so as to take into account accessibility criteria for people with disabilities or design for all users.”disabilities or design for all users.”

• Award phase…(art 53)Award phase…(art 53)

the criteria on which the contracting authorities shall base the award of public contracts shall either:

(a) when the awards is made to the tender most economically advantageous from the point of view of the contracting authority, various criteria linked to the subject matter of the public contract in question, for example quality, price, technical merit, aesthetic and functional characteristics, environmental characteristics,….

(b) the lowest price

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International Workshop on Accessibility Requirements for Public Procurement in the ICT Domain.Brussels, October 19-21, 2004

International Workshop on Accessibility Requirements for Public Procurement in the ICT Domain.Brussels, October 19-21, 2004

• Although there are different approaches internationally (which may or may not converge over time), there is a general consensus that using public procurement to promote accessibility of ICT is a good thing

• There is a strong need for internationally harmonised standards / requirements (that are suitable for use in procurement)

• Such standards / requirements need to be “objective” (and seen to be so), and endorsed by all the relevant stakeholders

• There is some confusion (partly semantic) about the term “voluntary”; it has different meanings in different contexts (standards, self regulation, self certification….); industry generally favours voluntary approaches

• The user view is that requirements must be mandatory, based on objectively defined standards / requirements, and be independently verifiable

• There is a real need for supports for procurers, for example, in the form of toolkits

• All stakeholders appreciate the benefits of working together and are committed to continuing this.

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The Draft mandate to the Standardisation organisationsThe Draft mandate to the Standardisation organisations

• Phase I: InventoryPhase I: Inventory

• Technology products (ICT)

• Existing accessibility requirements

• Gaps in accessibility requirements

• Existing standards to comply with accessibility requirements

• Assessment: requirements as technical specifications/ award criteria

• Report on testing and certification schemes

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The Draft mandate to the Standardisation organisationsThe Draft mandate to the Standardisation organisations

• Phase II: Standardisation ActivitiesPhase II: Standardisation Activities

• European standard (EN) Accessibility requirements for ICT domain to be used as technical specifications

• Technical report (TR) listing existing technical standards

• Guidelines on award criteria

• Guidance and support material

• On line freely accessible toolkit On line freely accessible toolkit

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The Draft mandate to the Standardisation organisations Underlying principles The Draft mandate to the Standardisation organisations Underlying principles

• Consider National initiativesConsider National initiatives

• International cooperationInternational cooperation

• User and consumer involvementUser and consumer involvement

• Industry participationIndustry participation

• Involvement of procurersInvolvement of procurers

• Transparent open methodTransparent open method

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Need to certify/label eAccessible ICT products & services ?

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

YES

NO

Don´t know

(percentages)

Suppliers

Public Agencies

People w/Disab.

Overall

• Clear support for certification / labellingClear support for certification / labelling

• Significant wide variations:Significant wide variations:

- Support levels exceed 80% in groups “Support levels exceed 80% in groups “Public AgenciesPublic Agencies” and” and

“ “Individuals with a disabilityIndividuals with a disability””

- Only 61% of “Only 61% of “Manufacturers, providers or sellersManufacturers, providers or sellers” support it,” support it,

while 32% reject it outrightwhile 32% reject it outright

Commission Communication on eAccessibility (7)

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

(per

cen

tag

es)

Mand S-C Volunt S-C Mand 3P Volunt 3P Don´tknow

Which certification scheme ?

Overall

People w/Disab.

Public Agencies

Suppliers

Commission Communication on eAccessibility (8)

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Better use of legislationBetter use of legislation

• Electronic Communication FrameworkElectronic Communication Framework

• Universal service DirectiveUniversal service Directive

• Terminal DirectivesTerminal Directives

• Employment Equality DirectiveEmployment Equality Directive

• Public Procurement DirectivePublic Procurement Directive

• Exploiting the “ eAccessibility potential of existing Exploiting the “ eAccessibility potential of existing European legislation”European legislation”

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Main messagesMain messages

• Convey to Member States the urgent need to work together

towards harmonization of the solutions they demand

• Encourage industry to develop accessible solutions in their

products and services (mainstream accessibility!)

• Show the users (with disabilities) the commitment of the

European Commission to improve accessibility in the

Information Society

Commission Communication on eAccessibility

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Measuring progress of eAccessibility in Europe (results)Measuring progress of eAccessibility in Europe (results)

• review of the existing methodologies

• survey of existing actions which have improve eAccessibility

• Methodology to monitor and identify the existing and use of the

• 3 proposed approaches.

• other existing positive actions.

• methodology used to measure

• the rate of eAccessibility in the Member States, experienced by people with disabilities and older people.

• the rate of eAccessibility, experienced by other stakeholders.

• the first measurement and analyse the data. (12m)

• the second measurement and analyse the data.(24 m)

• final report including conclusions and policy recommendations

• 2 workshops to disseminate and validate the results of the methodology, measurements and the conclusions

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Measuring progress of eAccessibility in Europe (objectives)Measuring progress of eAccessibility in Europe (objectives)

• To identify measures (e.g. policy, legal, industrial, …) that have a To identify measures (e.g. policy, legal, industrial, …) that have a significant positive impact on eAccessibility and that support the significant positive impact on eAccessibility and that support the Community eAccessibility strategyCommunity eAccessibility strategy

• To assess how ICT products and services available in Europe take To assess how ICT products and services available in Europe take into account eAccessibility and Design for All into account eAccessibility and Design for All

• To assess the eAccessibility situation in Europe and to measure its To assess the eAccessibility situation in Europe and to measure its evolution quantifying the impact of the proposed approaches and evolution quantifying the impact of the proposed approaches and measuresmeasures

• To assess the implementation of successful measures, that can To assess the implementation of successful measures, that can serve as policy recommendations in the eAccessibility domain.serve as policy recommendations in the eAccessibility domain.

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Prior Research AchievementsPrior Research Achievements

TIDE initiative: Pilot Phase 21 projects ~14 MEURO1991

TIDE initiative: Bridge Phase 55 projects ~38 MEURO1993

4th FP - TAP : Disabled and Elderly Sector

53 projects ~50 MEURO1996

5th FP - IST : Persons with Special Needs

approx. 40 projects ~60 MEURO1998

20026th FP - IST : eInclusion start 17 projects 36 MEURO (+30)

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From TIDE through TAP ...IST…to …FP6

TIDE > TAP > IST > ...FP6

Paradigm Rehabilitation Multimediatelematics

Ambient Intelligence

eInclusion

Priorities Innovation andDemonstration

New applications Systemintegration

Barrierfree designEmpoweringtechnologies

Technologicalemphasis

Exploratory TechnologyTransfer

Ubiquitouscomputing

Mainstream technologies

Target groups D & E D & E careers

D & Eprofesionals

Groups at risk ofexclusion

Results Tech innovation DemonstrationsTelematics

Socio-economicbenefit

Policyimpact????????????

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Results of IST Call 2Results of IST Call 2 (Oct/2003) (Oct/2003)

95 submitted proposals95 submitted proposals involving more than 1000 partnersinvolving more than 1000 partners 13 selected proposals13 selected proposals for a total Community grant of 35 M€for a total Community grant of 35 M€

Application domain IP NoE STREP CA SSA

Mobility, orientation, navigation ASK-IT MOVEMENT, MAPPED

Assistance to vision-impaired people MICOLE

Enhanced hearing for disabled HEARCOM

Eye gaze interaction COGAIN

Access to the Web ENABLED BENtoWEB, EIAO Support-EAM

Ambient assisted living (article 169) AAL

European network on accessible digital documents EUAIN

e-Accessibility and Design for all CWST

Total (per instrument) 3 1 5 1 3

BENtoWEB, EIAO Support-EAM

eInclusion projects in FP6: Call2eInclusion projects in FP6: Call2

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ICT for growth and employmentICT for growth and employment

i2010 - The three i’s

• Information space

• Innovation and investment in research

• Inclusion, better public services and quality of life

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Five year goals (3)Five year goals (3)

Priority 3: Inclusion, better publicPriority 3: Inclusion, better public services and quality services and quality

of lifeof life

• Widening ICT access, accessibility and skillsWidening ICT access, accessibility and skills

• Support ICT-enabled services of public Support ICT-enabled services of public

interest in Europeinterest in Europe

• Reinforcing trust and support of ICT useReinforcing trust and support of ICT use

• Improve quality of lifeImprove quality of life

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eInclusioneInclusion

• eInclusion means ensuring everyone can eInclusion means ensuring everyone can participate in and reap the benefits of an participate in and reap the benefits of an information society. information society.

eAccessibility is : a pre-requisite for eInclusion thus a key objective of i2010 “A European society for all”

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For further information …For further information …

• the eInclusion call for proposals the eInclusion call for proposals

• http://fp6.cordis.lu/fp6/call_details.cfm?CALL_ID=208http://fp6.cordis.lu/fp6/call_details.cfm?CALL_ID=208

• projects financed in RTD in previous frame work programmes projects financed in RTD in previous frame work programmes

• http://www.cordis.lu/ist/directorate_f/einclusion/previous-research.htmhttp://www.cordis.lu/ist/directorate_f/einclusion/previous-research.htm

• On the preparatory work for eInclusion research for Frame work programme 7On the preparatory work for eInclusion research for Frame work programme 7

• http://www.cordis.lu/ist/directorate_f/einclusion/future.htmhttp://www.cordis.lu/ist/directorate_f/einclusion/future.htm

• On eInclusion and eAccessibility policiesOn eInclusion and eAccessibility policies

• http://europa.eu.int/information_society/soccul/eincl/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/information_society/soccul/eincl/index_en.htm

• http://europa.eu.int/information_society/policy/accessibility/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/information_society/policy/accessibility/index_en.htm

• Inmaculada.placencia-porrero@cec.eu.inInmaculada.placencia-porrero@cec.eu.in