IllIi~iiwrinj~miM~~1 -...
6
PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITI MALAYA 2011 International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials (CEABM 2011) (18-20 Jun 2011: Haikou, China) 1. Investigation of groundwater potential in Melaka district of Malaysia, by S.M. Shirazi, Imran Hosen, Mohammad Sholichin and Shatirah Akib. 2. Influence of flow shallowness on scour depth at semi- integral bridge piers, by Shatirah Akib ..[et al.] 3. Applied AVSWAT 2000 for assessment of pollutant load in Brantas River Basin, Indonesia, by M. Sholichin ..[et al.]. IllIi~"iiwrinj~miM~~1 A515212946
Transcript of IllIi~iiwrinj~miM~~1 -...
PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITI MALAYA
2011 International Conference on Civil EngineeringArchitecture and Building Materials
(CEABM2011)(18-20 Jun 2011 Haikou China)
1 Investigation of groundwater potential in Melakadistrict of Malaysia by SM Shirazi Imran HosenMohammad Sholichin and Shatirah Akib
2 Influence of flow shallowness on scour depth at semi-integral bridge piers by Shatirah Akib [et al]
3 Applied AVSWAT 2000 for assessment of pollutantload in Brantas River Basin Indonesia by MSholichin [et al]
IllIi~iiwrinj~miM~~1A515212946
PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITI MALAYA
Advanced Materials Research Vols 243-249 (2011) pp 4553-4556Online available since 201 1May1 7 at wwwscientiftcnetcopy (201) Trans Tech Publications Switzerlanddoi 104028wwwscientijicnetAMR 243-249 4553
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka
District of Malaysia
SM Shirazi Imran Hasen1b Mohammad Sholichini and Shatirah Akib 1d
1 Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya 50603 KualaLumpur Malaysia
2 Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of BrawijayaMalang 65145 Indonesia
a smshirazigmailcom b hosenimran09yahoocom
c mochsholichinyahoocom d shatirahumedumy
Keywords Groundwater water quality lithology pumping testAbstract The paper assesses groundwater quality and productivity in Melaka Peninsular Malaysia238 data set shallow boreholes 20 data set deep boreholes were collected and continuous pumpingtest data were used to determ ine productivity of the aquifers 68 water samples were tested for waterquality The productivity of the wells and the characteristics of the aquifer were evaluated bypumping test using both the constant discharge rate and steps drawdown methods The potential ofshallow groundwater is low with average discharge lt5 m3hour The potential of deep groundwateris high category with average dischar~e gt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) fromtotal area of Mel aka district (1650 km ) is low potential categories 56 (922 km2
) is moderate and12 (194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Thereforeit is available for drinking water with minimum treatment
Introduction
Groundwater is a natural drinking water resource often subjected to severe human impacts Severalprograms and models required preserving optimum groundwater quality and so management of thisvital natural resource has become a worldwide priority Groundwater in Malaysia is an importantresource that can supplement the increasing demand of fresh water for various uses [3] Althoughthe groundwater has been used for many centuries the usage is limited to the shallow unconfinedaquifers using dug wells The quality of water plays a prominent role in promoting both thestandard of agricultural production and human health Groundwater pollution depends on theinherent hydro geologic property of the site agricultural land use and cultivation practicesGroundwater vulnerability maps risk map groundwater quality maps showing present scenario ofcontamination etc can be used as a guide for future developments in an area in order to minimizethe impact of the projected developmental activities on the surrounding water resourcesContamination of groundwater has been observed worldwide and it is becoming self evident thatconcentrated human activity will lead to groundwater contamination There is need for a definitestrategy and guidelines for all countries which would focus on specific part of a groundwatermanagement viz the protection of ground water from contamination and land based managementof the groundwater resources Two major techniques for groundwater protection strategies aregroundwater vulnerability assessment and groundwater quality mapping Vulnerability ofgroundwater refers to the intrinsic characteristics that determine the sensitivity of the water to beadversely affected by an imposed contaminant loadLimited surface water potential in the MelakaDistrict encourage potential groundwater investigation is needed to meet water needs for domesticand industrial purposes In order to understand and identify the potential groundwater zonesgeological hydrogeological geophysical test drilling pump testing and the hydrochemicalinvestigations were carried out
All rights reserved No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any fonm or by any means without the written penmission of TIPwwwttpnet (10 20218510217-060711133800)
(tgttHlil_llIlll-t1(urHitn
4554 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Study Area
The state of Melaka situated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia It is located betweenlatitudes r 06 and 2 30 N and longitudes 101 58 and 102 35 E (Figure 1) Melaka has threedistricts namely Alor Gajah Melaka Tengah and Jasin These are further divided into 81 mukims(parishes) The area of the state is approximately 1650 krn It has a population of 605 202 and apopulation density of 385 persons per km The only 3 of the state is covered by forest [2]
Figure 1 Melaka District in Peninsular Malaysia as Study Area
Investigations
bull Geology and Geo-hydrologyMelaka state has seven underlying geological formations [1]
They can be divided into four groups of lithologya Phyllite schist and slate found in the northern parts and in coastal areasb Shale mudstone phyllite slate and hornfels found in the central parts in coastal areas and
in smaller areas in the northc Sandstone and metasandstone found in the northern areas and in smaller areas in the centre
of the stated Schist found in the central and southern parts of the state
The other three formations aree Quaternary deposits Intheseareas the local bedrock is overlain by lithologies consisting of
marine and continental deposits with sand (mainly marine) clay and silt of younger ageSuch deposits are found mostly in the southern region of the state
f The most abundant lithology is Acid Intrusive (undifferentiated) with igneous acidic rocksThese are mostly granitic rocks and are found mainly in the northern parts but also extendinto the southern parts of the state
g The Triassic characterised by lithologies consisting of interbedded sandstone siltstoneshale conglomerate and chert and found in interior parts of the state
bull Test Drilling Based on the hydrogeological and geophysical investigations twenty locations were selected fortest drilling The lithological logs for at these test bores both from deep well and shallow well aregiven in Figure 2
middot)11nl-lt(1
Advanced Materials Research Vols 243-249 4555
DtilUnuPfl~tJ pp(m)
rom
Depth (Ill ) lIK-8 MK-22 MK-26
2
Ii
Q-90III
Legend
F====~clay~ sand a smooth~ bmoderat
c rough~ Granite stone
I a I Piezometer a tube ~b _ b screen
c waterlevel
Q bull discharge(m3hour)
(a) Deep well lithology data set (b) Shallow well lithology data setFigure 2 Data set of lithology
bull Pumping Test and water qualityGenerally pump tests are conducted to determine the aquifer parameters in an area in order toascertain the potential of an aquifer [5] [6] The capacity of groundwater in the study area wastested by drilling deep to find out the value of transmission coefficient (T) aquifer and hydraulicconductivity (K) Pumping continuously carried out for 4 hours then waiting groundwater elevationrises The result is 10m2day for transmission coefficient (T) and 063 mday for Hydraulicconductivity (K) Based on data analysis the potential aquifer on Melaka district can be seen inFigure 3
Potential of aauaiferD Lakereslvoir
sectHighLowModerate
Figure 3 Potential Aquifer Map of Mel aka District
Groundwater quality in the region of Central Melaka is in good condition to be used as rawwater for drinking with minimum treatment because in accordance with the requirements based onthe raw water quality standards by the Ministry of Health Malaysia Groundwater quality of thestudy area is presented in Table I
4556 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Table 1 Water quality of groundwater
Parameters MK-8 MK-22 MK-25 MK-26Turbidity 185 148 11 18Color 5 5 5 5pH 66 65 59 65TSS 328 164 54 86Chloride (CI) 12 8 2 lt1Ammonia (NH4-N) 024 024 028 096Nitrate (N03-N) lt3 3 lt3 lt3Ferum (Ftl 162 24 04 24Flourida (Fi) lt05 lt05 lt05 lt05Arsenic (As) lt0005 lt0005 lt0005 lt0005Tembaga lt01 lt01 lt01 lt01Magnesium (Mg) 21 39 10 21Magana 03 05 lt01 04Zink (Zn) lt01 02 lt01 lt01Sodium 14 14 42 55
Conclusions
Based on the investigations the following are the interpreted results in order to identify areashaving the potential for development From the geological investigations it is evident that thegroundwater potential in this study area is restricted to recent alluvial deposits such as sand pebblesand boulders The well inventory data revealed that the thickness of coarse sand ranges from 20 to40 m which is the only formation holding significant quantities of water The shallow groundwaterhas low potential with average discharge lt5 m3hour but the deep groundwater has high potentialcategory with average dischargegt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) from total areaof Melaka district (1650 krn) is low potential categories 56 (922 km ) is moderate and 12(194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Therefore it isavailable for drinking water with minimum treatment
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (TPPP) University ofMalaya (UM) under UMRG research grant number RG0921 OSUS gratefully acknowledged
References
[I] Geological Survey Map of Geological Features in Peninsular Malaysia (1985)[2] Land and Mines Department of Mel aka Report of Land Use in Melaka State (2003)[3] Mohamed AF Wan Yaacob WZ Taha MR and Samsudin AR Groundwater and
Soil Vulnerability in the Langat Basin Malaysia European Journal of Scientific Research(2009)27 (4) 628-635
[4] Nath SK Patra HP amp Shahid S Geophysical Property For Groundwater Oxford amp IbhPublishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi (2000) P 256
[5] Patra HP Bandopadhyay M Banerjee G Mukherjee SN amp Chowdhury M Analysisof Pump Test Data on Kasai River Bed (West Bengal) - A Case Study In Proceedings ofThe International Conference On Hydrology And Water Resources New Delhi India(1993)2161-172
[6] Singhal DC Niwas S Shakeel M amp Adam EM Estimation of HydraulicCharacteristics of Alluvial Aquifers from Electrical Resistivity Data Journal of GeologicalSociety ofIndia (1998) 51 461-470
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka District of Malaysiadoi 104028wwwscientificnetAMR243-2494553
Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecturedoi 10 4028wwwscientificnetAM R243-249
~~lt2I-m0w~Z
2ltlltX~ruaaa
(olHltI
PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITI MALAYA
Advanced Materials Research Vols 243-249 (2011) pp 4553-4556Online available since 201 1May1 7 at wwwscientiftcnetcopy (201) Trans Tech Publications Switzerlanddoi 104028wwwscientijicnetAMR 243-249 4553
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka
District of Malaysia
SM Shirazi Imran Hasen1b Mohammad Sholichini and Shatirah Akib 1d
1 Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya 50603 KualaLumpur Malaysia
2 Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of BrawijayaMalang 65145 Indonesia
a smshirazigmailcom b hosenimran09yahoocom
c mochsholichinyahoocom d shatirahumedumy
Keywords Groundwater water quality lithology pumping testAbstract The paper assesses groundwater quality and productivity in Melaka Peninsular Malaysia238 data set shallow boreholes 20 data set deep boreholes were collected and continuous pumpingtest data were used to determ ine productivity of the aquifers 68 water samples were tested for waterquality The productivity of the wells and the characteristics of the aquifer were evaluated bypumping test using both the constant discharge rate and steps drawdown methods The potential ofshallow groundwater is low with average discharge lt5 m3hour The potential of deep groundwateris high category with average dischar~e gt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) fromtotal area of Mel aka district (1650 km ) is low potential categories 56 (922 km2
) is moderate and12 (194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Thereforeit is available for drinking water with minimum treatment
Introduction
Groundwater is a natural drinking water resource often subjected to severe human impacts Severalprograms and models required preserving optimum groundwater quality and so management of thisvital natural resource has become a worldwide priority Groundwater in Malaysia is an importantresource that can supplement the increasing demand of fresh water for various uses [3] Althoughthe groundwater has been used for many centuries the usage is limited to the shallow unconfinedaquifers using dug wells The quality of water plays a prominent role in promoting both thestandard of agricultural production and human health Groundwater pollution depends on theinherent hydro geologic property of the site agricultural land use and cultivation practicesGroundwater vulnerability maps risk map groundwater quality maps showing present scenario ofcontamination etc can be used as a guide for future developments in an area in order to minimizethe impact of the projected developmental activities on the surrounding water resourcesContamination of groundwater has been observed worldwide and it is becoming self evident thatconcentrated human activity will lead to groundwater contamination There is need for a definitestrategy and guidelines for all countries which would focus on specific part of a groundwatermanagement viz the protection of ground water from contamination and land based managementof the groundwater resources Two major techniques for groundwater protection strategies aregroundwater vulnerability assessment and groundwater quality mapping Vulnerability ofgroundwater refers to the intrinsic characteristics that determine the sensitivity of the water to beadversely affected by an imposed contaminant loadLimited surface water potential in the MelakaDistrict encourage potential groundwater investigation is needed to meet water needs for domesticand industrial purposes In order to understand and identify the potential groundwater zonesgeological hydrogeological geophysical test drilling pump testing and the hydrochemicalinvestigations were carried out
All rights reserved No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any fonm or by any means without the written penmission of TIPwwwttpnet (10 20218510217-060711133800)
(tgttHlil_llIlll-t1(urHitn
4554 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Study Area
The state of Melaka situated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia It is located betweenlatitudes r 06 and 2 30 N and longitudes 101 58 and 102 35 E (Figure 1) Melaka has threedistricts namely Alor Gajah Melaka Tengah and Jasin These are further divided into 81 mukims(parishes) The area of the state is approximately 1650 krn It has a population of 605 202 and apopulation density of 385 persons per km The only 3 of the state is covered by forest [2]
Figure 1 Melaka District in Peninsular Malaysia as Study Area
Investigations
bull Geology and Geo-hydrologyMelaka state has seven underlying geological formations [1]
They can be divided into four groups of lithologya Phyllite schist and slate found in the northern parts and in coastal areasb Shale mudstone phyllite slate and hornfels found in the central parts in coastal areas and
in smaller areas in the northc Sandstone and metasandstone found in the northern areas and in smaller areas in the centre
of the stated Schist found in the central and southern parts of the state
The other three formations aree Quaternary deposits Intheseareas the local bedrock is overlain by lithologies consisting of
marine and continental deposits with sand (mainly marine) clay and silt of younger ageSuch deposits are found mostly in the southern region of the state
f The most abundant lithology is Acid Intrusive (undifferentiated) with igneous acidic rocksThese are mostly granitic rocks and are found mainly in the northern parts but also extendinto the southern parts of the state
g The Triassic characterised by lithologies consisting of interbedded sandstone siltstoneshale conglomerate and chert and found in interior parts of the state
bull Test Drilling Based on the hydrogeological and geophysical investigations twenty locations were selected fortest drilling The lithological logs for at these test bores both from deep well and shallow well aregiven in Figure 2
middot)11nl-lt(1
Advanced Materials Research Vols 243-249 4555
DtilUnuPfl~tJ pp(m)
rom
Depth (Ill ) lIK-8 MK-22 MK-26
2
Ii
Q-90III
Legend
F====~clay~ sand a smooth~ bmoderat
c rough~ Granite stone
I a I Piezometer a tube ~b _ b screen
c waterlevel
Q bull discharge(m3hour)
(a) Deep well lithology data set (b) Shallow well lithology data setFigure 2 Data set of lithology
bull Pumping Test and water qualityGenerally pump tests are conducted to determine the aquifer parameters in an area in order toascertain the potential of an aquifer [5] [6] The capacity of groundwater in the study area wastested by drilling deep to find out the value of transmission coefficient (T) aquifer and hydraulicconductivity (K) Pumping continuously carried out for 4 hours then waiting groundwater elevationrises The result is 10m2day for transmission coefficient (T) and 063 mday for Hydraulicconductivity (K) Based on data analysis the potential aquifer on Melaka district can be seen inFigure 3
Potential of aauaiferD Lakereslvoir
sectHighLowModerate
Figure 3 Potential Aquifer Map of Mel aka District
Groundwater quality in the region of Central Melaka is in good condition to be used as rawwater for drinking with minimum treatment because in accordance with the requirements based onthe raw water quality standards by the Ministry of Health Malaysia Groundwater quality of thestudy area is presented in Table I
4556 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Table 1 Water quality of groundwater
Parameters MK-8 MK-22 MK-25 MK-26Turbidity 185 148 11 18Color 5 5 5 5pH 66 65 59 65TSS 328 164 54 86Chloride (CI) 12 8 2 lt1Ammonia (NH4-N) 024 024 028 096Nitrate (N03-N) lt3 3 lt3 lt3Ferum (Ftl 162 24 04 24Flourida (Fi) lt05 lt05 lt05 lt05Arsenic (As) lt0005 lt0005 lt0005 lt0005Tembaga lt01 lt01 lt01 lt01Magnesium (Mg) 21 39 10 21Magana 03 05 lt01 04Zink (Zn) lt01 02 lt01 lt01Sodium 14 14 42 55
Conclusions
Based on the investigations the following are the interpreted results in order to identify areashaving the potential for development From the geological investigations it is evident that thegroundwater potential in this study area is restricted to recent alluvial deposits such as sand pebblesand boulders The well inventory data revealed that the thickness of coarse sand ranges from 20 to40 m which is the only formation holding significant quantities of water The shallow groundwaterhas low potential with average discharge lt5 m3hour but the deep groundwater has high potentialcategory with average dischargegt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) from total areaof Melaka district (1650 krn) is low potential categories 56 (922 km ) is moderate and 12(194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Therefore it isavailable for drinking water with minimum treatment
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (TPPP) University ofMalaya (UM) under UMRG research grant number RG0921 OSUS gratefully acknowledged
References
[I] Geological Survey Map of Geological Features in Peninsular Malaysia (1985)[2] Land and Mines Department of Mel aka Report of Land Use in Melaka State (2003)[3] Mohamed AF Wan Yaacob WZ Taha MR and Samsudin AR Groundwater and
Soil Vulnerability in the Langat Basin Malaysia European Journal of Scientific Research(2009)27 (4) 628-635
[4] Nath SK Patra HP amp Shahid S Geophysical Property For Groundwater Oxford amp IbhPublishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi (2000) P 256
[5] Patra HP Bandopadhyay M Banerjee G Mukherjee SN amp Chowdhury M Analysisof Pump Test Data on Kasai River Bed (West Bengal) - A Case Study In Proceedings ofThe International Conference On Hydrology And Water Resources New Delhi India(1993)2161-172
[6] Singhal DC Niwas S Shakeel M amp Adam EM Estimation of HydraulicCharacteristics of Alluvial Aquifers from Electrical Resistivity Data Journal of GeologicalSociety ofIndia (1998) 51 461-470
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka District of Malaysiadoi 104028wwwscientificnetAMR243-2494553
Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecturedoi 10 4028wwwscientificnetAM R243-249
~~lt2I-m0w~Z
2ltlltX~ruaaa
(olHltI
4554 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Study Area
The state of Melaka situated on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia It is located betweenlatitudes r 06 and 2 30 N and longitudes 101 58 and 102 35 E (Figure 1) Melaka has threedistricts namely Alor Gajah Melaka Tengah and Jasin These are further divided into 81 mukims(parishes) The area of the state is approximately 1650 krn It has a population of 605 202 and apopulation density of 385 persons per km The only 3 of the state is covered by forest [2]
Figure 1 Melaka District in Peninsular Malaysia as Study Area
Investigations
bull Geology and Geo-hydrologyMelaka state has seven underlying geological formations [1]
They can be divided into four groups of lithologya Phyllite schist and slate found in the northern parts and in coastal areasb Shale mudstone phyllite slate and hornfels found in the central parts in coastal areas and
in smaller areas in the northc Sandstone and metasandstone found in the northern areas and in smaller areas in the centre
of the stated Schist found in the central and southern parts of the state
The other three formations aree Quaternary deposits Intheseareas the local bedrock is overlain by lithologies consisting of
marine and continental deposits with sand (mainly marine) clay and silt of younger ageSuch deposits are found mostly in the southern region of the state
f The most abundant lithology is Acid Intrusive (undifferentiated) with igneous acidic rocksThese are mostly granitic rocks and are found mainly in the northern parts but also extendinto the southern parts of the state
g The Triassic characterised by lithologies consisting of interbedded sandstone siltstoneshale conglomerate and chert and found in interior parts of the state
bull Test Drilling Based on the hydrogeological and geophysical investigations twenty locations were selected fortest drilling The lithological logs for at these test bores both from deep well and shallow well aregiven in Figure 2
middot)11nl-lt(1
Advanced Materials Research Vols 243-249 4555
DtilUnuPfl~tJ pp(m)
rom
Depth (Ill ) lIK-8 MK-22 MK-26
2
Ii
Q-90III
Legend
F====~clay~ sand a smooth~ bmoderat
c rough~ Granite stone
I a I Piezometer a tube ~b _ b screen
c waterlevel
Q bull discharge(m3hour)
(a) Deep well lithology data set (b) Shallow well lithology data setFigure 2 Data set of lithology
bull Pumping Test and water qualityGenerally pump tests are conducted to determine the aquifer parameters in an area in order toascertain the potential of an aquifer [5] [6] The capacity of groundwater in the study area wastested by drilling deep to find out the value of transmission coefficient (T) aquifer and hydraulicconductivity (K) Pumping continuously carried out for 4 hours then waiting groundwater elevationrises The result is 10m2day for transmission coefficient (T) and 063 mday for Hydraulicconductivity (K) Based on data analysis the potential aquifer on Melaka district can be seen inFigure 3
Potential of aauaiferD Lakereslvoir
sectHighLowModerate
Figure 3 Potential Aquifer Map of Mel aka District
Groundwater quality in the region of Central Melaka is in good condition to be used as rawwater for drinking with minimum treatment because in accordance with the requirements based onthe raw water quality standards by the Ministry of Health Malaysia Groundwater quality of thestudy area is presented in Table I
4556 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Table 1 Water quality of groundwater
Parameters MK-8 MK-22 MK-25 MK-26Turbidity 185 148 11 18Color 5 5 5 5pH 66 65 59 65TSS 328 164 54 86Chloride (CI) 12 8 2 lt1Ammonia (NH4-N) 024 024 028 096Nitrate (N03-N) lt3 3 lt3 lt3Ferum (Ftl 162 24 04 24Flourida (Fi) lt05 lt05 lt05 lt05Arsenic (As) lt0005 lt0005 lt0005 lt0005Tembaga lt01 lt01 lt01 lt01Magnesium (Mg) 21 39 10 21Magana 03 05 lt01 04Zink (Zn) lt01 02 lt01 lt01Sodium 14 14 42 55
Conclusions
Based on the investigations the following are the interpreted results in order to identify areashaving the potential for development From the geological investigations it is evident that thegroundwater potential in this study area is restricted to recent alluvial deposits such as sand pebblesand boulders The well inventory data revealed that the thickness of coarse sand ranges from 20 to40 m which is the only formation holding significant quantities of water The shallow groundwaterhas low potential with average discharge lt5 m3hour but the deep groundwater has high potentialcategory with average dischargegt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) from total areaof Melaka district (1650 krn) is low potential categories 56 (922 km ) is moderate and 12(194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Therefore it isavailable for drinking water with minimum treatment
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (TPPP) University ofMalaya (UM) under UMRG research grant number RG0921 OSUS gratefully acknowledged
References
[I] Geological Survey Map of Geological Features in Peninsular Malaysia (1985)[2] Land and Mines Department of Mel aka Report of Land Use in Melaka State (2003)[3] Mohamed AF Wan Yaacob WZ Taha MR and Samsudin AR Groundwater and
Soil Vulnerability in the Langat Basin Malaysia European Journal of Scientific Research(2009)27 (4) 628-635
[4] Nath SK Patra HP amp Shahid S Geophysical Property For Groundwater Oxford amp IbhPublishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi (2000) P 256
[5] Patra HP Bandopadhyay M Banerjee G Mukherjee SN amp Chowdhury M Analysisof Pump Test Data on Kasai River Bed (West Bengal) - A Case Study In Proceedings ofThe International Conference On Hydrology And Water Resources New Delhi India(1993)2161-172
[6] Singhal DC Niwas S Shakeel M amp Adam EM Estimation of HydraulicCharacteristics of Alluvial Aquifers from Electrical Resistivity Data Journal of GeologicalSociety ofIndia (1998) 51 461-470
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka District of Malaysiadoi 104028wwwscientificnetAMR243-2494553
Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecturedoi 10 4028wwwscientificnetAM R243-249
~~lt2I-m0w~Z
2ltlltX~ruaaa
(olHltI
Advanced Materials Research Vols 243-249 4555
DtilUnuPfl~tJ pp(m)
rom
Depth (Ill ) lIK-8 MK-22 MK-26
2
Ii
Q-90III
Legend
F====~clay~ sand a smooth~ bmoderat
c rough~ Granite stone
I a I Piezometer a tube ~b _ b screen
c waterlevel
Q bull discharge(m3hour)
(a) Deep well lithology data set (b) Shallow well lithology data setFigure 2 Data set of lithology
bull Pumping Test and water qualityGenerally pump tests are conducted to determine the aquifer parameters in an area in order toascertain the potential of an aquifer [5] [6] The capacity of groundwater in the study area wastested by drilling deep to find out the value of transmission coefficient (T) aquifer and hydraulicconductivity (K) Pumping continuously carried out for 4 hours then waiting groundwater elevationrises The result is 10m2day for transmission coefficient (T) and 063 mday for Hydraulicconductivity (K) Based on data analysis the potential aquifer on Melaka district can be seen inFigure 3
Potential of aauaiferD Lakereslvoir
sectHighLowModerate
Figure 3 Potential Aquifer Map of Mel aka District
Groundwater quality in the region of Central Melaka is in good condition to be used as rawwater for drinking with minimum treatment because in accordance with the requirements based onthe raw water quality standards by the Ministry of Health Malaysia Groundwater quality of thestudy area is presented in Table I
4556 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Table 1 Water quality of groundwater
Parameters MK-8 MK-22 MK-25 MK-26Turbidity 185 148 11 18Color 5 5 5 5pH 66 65 59 65TSS 328 164 54 86Chloride (CI) 12 8 2 lt1Ammonia (NH4-N) 024 024 028 096Nitrate (N03-N) lt3 3 lt3 lt3Ferum (Ftl 162 24 04 24Flourida (Fi) lt05 lt05 lt05 lt05Arsenic (As) lt0005 lt0005 lt0005 lt0005Tembaga lt01 lt01 lt01 lt01Magnesium (Mg) 21 39 10 21Magana 03 05 lt01 04Zink (Zn) lt01 02 lt01 lt01Sodium 14 14 42 55
Conclusions
Based on the investigations the following are the interpreted results in order to identify areashaving the potential for development From the geological investigations it is evident that thegroundwater potential in this study area is restricted to recent alluvial deposits such as sand pebblesand boulders The well inventory data revealed that the thickness of coarse sand ranges from 20 to40 m which is the only formation holding significant quantities of water The shallow groundwaterhas low potential with average discharge lt5 m3hour but the deep groundwater has high potentialcategory with average dischargegt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) from total areaof Melaka district (1650 krn) is low potential categories 56 (922 km ) is moderate and 12(194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Therefore it isavailable for drinking water with minimum treatment
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (TPPP) University ofMalaya (UM) under UMRG research grant number RG0921 OSUS gratefully acknowledged
References
[I] Geological Survey Map of Geological Features in Peninsular Malaysia (1985)[2] Land and Mines Department of Mel aka Report of Land Use in Melaka State (2003)[3] Mohamed AF Wan Yaacob WZ Taha MR and Samsudin AR Groundwater and
Soil Vulnerability in the Langat Basin Malaysia European Journal of Scientific Research(2009)27 (4) 628-635
[4] Nath SK Patra HP amp Shahid S Geophysical Property For Groundwater Oxford amp IbhPublishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi (2000) P 256
[5] Patra HP Bandopadhyay M Banerjee G Mukherjee SN amp Chowdhury M Analysisof Pump Test Data on Kasai River Bed (West Bengal) - A Case Study In Proceedings ofThe International Conference On Hydrology And Water Resources New Delhi India(1993)2161-172
[6] Singhal DC Niwas S Shakeel M amp Adam EM Estimation of HydraulicCharacteristics of Alluvial Aquifers from Electrical Resistivity Data Journal of GeologicalSociety ofIndia (1998) 51 461-470
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Melaka District of Malaysiadoi 104028wwwscientificnetAMR243-2494553
Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecturedoi 10 4028wwwscientificnetAM R243-249
~~lt2I-m0w~Z
2ltlltX~ruaaa
(olHltI
4556 Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Table 1 Water quality of groundwater
Parameters MK-8 MK-22 MK-25 MK-26Turbidity 185 148 11 18Color 5 5 5 5pH 66 65 59 65TSS 328 164 54 86Chloride (CI) 12 8 2 lt1Ammonia (NH4-N) 024 024 028 096Nitrate (N03-N) lt3 3 lt3 lt3Ferum (Ftl 162 24 04 24Flourida (Fi) lt05 lt05 lt05 lt05Arsenic (As) lt0005 lt0005 lt0005 lt0005Tembaga lt01 lt01 lt01 lt01Magnesium (Mg) 21 39 10 21Magana 03 05 lt01 04Zink (Zn) lt01 02 lt01 lt01Sodium 14 14 42 55
Conclusions
Based on the investigations the following are the interpreted results in order to identify areashaving the potential for development From the geological investigations it is evident that thegroundwater potential in this study area is restricted to recent alluvial deposits such as sand pebblesand boulders The well inventory data revealed that the thickness of coarse sand ranges from 20 to40 m which is the only formation holding significant quantities of water The shallow groundwaterhas low potential with average discharge lt5 m3hour but the deep groundwater has high potentialcategory with average dischargegt 20 m3hour The results show that 32 (538 krrr) from total areaof Melaka district (1650 krn) is low potential categories 56 (922 km ) is moderate and 12(194 krrr) is high Based on the chemical data the quality of deep aquifer is fresh Therefore it isavailable for drinking water with minimum treatment
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (TPPP) University ofMalaya (UM) under UMRG research grant number RG0921 OSUS gratefully acknowledged
References
[I] Geological Survey Map of Geological Features in Peninsular Malaysia (1985)[2] Land and Mines Department of Mel aka Report of Land Use in Melaka State (2003)[3] Mohamed AF Wan Yaacob WZ Taha MR and Samsudin AR Groundwater and
Soil Vulnerability in the Langat Basin Malaysia European Journal of Scientific Research(2009)27 (4) 628-635
[4] Nath SK Patra HP amp Shahid S Geophysical Property For Groundwater Oxford amp IbhPublishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi (2000) P 256
[5] Patra HP Bandopadhyay M Banerjee G Mukherjee SN amp Chowdhury M Analysisof Pump Test Data on Kasai River Bed (West Bengal) - A Case Study In Proceedings ofThe International Conference On Hydrology And Water Resources New Delhi India(1993)2161-172
[6] Singhal DC Niwas S Shakeel M amp Adam EM Estimation of HydraulicCharacteristics of Alluvial Aquifers from Electrical Resistivity Data Journal of GeologicalSociety ofIndia (1998) 51 461-470
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