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Transcript of Iliad - stjohns-chs. · PDF fileThe Wrath of Achilles ! Homer’s Iliad : the anger and...
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Homer’s Iliad
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The Greeks at Troy
n Agamemnon: king of Mycenae, leader of the Greek army
n Menelaus: his brother, Helen’s husband, king of Sparta
n Achilles: of Phthia, greatest warrior n Odysseus: of Ithaca, great strategist n Ajax: of Salamis, strongest warrior n Calchas: seer
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The Trojans
n Priam: king of Troy n Hecabe/Hecuba: his queen n Paris: youngest son, abductor of
Helen n Hector: greatest warrior n Andromache: his wife n Cassandra: doomed prophetess;
loved by Apollo
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The Iliad: Heroic Wrath
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Code: The Distribution of Booty n The warrior’s standing in the group is affirmed
by the distribution of booty according to a strict order
n Material evidence of a warrior’s kleos is the external validation of the hero’s worth among his peers
n Refusal to accept ransom from a suppliant father is abnormal. The spurning of a priest of Apollo is an offense against the god.
n “Losing face” is a public humiliation and a grievous attack on the hero’s kleos
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The Wrath of Achilles n Homer’s Iliad : the anger and
transformation of a tragic hero n the women: Chryseis and Briseis n the conflict with the king over booty n who is the “best of the Achaeans”? n Achilles’ withdrawal from the conflict n the death of heroes
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Hector and Andromache
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The Embassy to Achilles
n Odysseus n Phoenix n Ajax n Achilles’ refusal
to act for the common interest
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The Death of Patroclus
n appearances: Achilles’ armor
n the battle with Hector
n the rescue of the body
n the death of a friend
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New Armor from the Gods
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The Death of Hector
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Ransom of Hector’s Body
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κλέος ἄφθιτον: “undying glory”
n Achilles’ choice: glory or long life n the limitations of the heroic code:
who is my friend? who is my enemy?
n the tragic type: powerful, inflexible, self-destructive