Il Web per tutti:

verifica dell’accessibilità nei siti di telefonia mobile

Tim, Vodafone e Wind

Il Web per tutti:

Relatore: Prof. Marco Porta

Correlatore: Prof. Lidia Falomo

Tesi di

Eleonora Cernuschi

Università degli studi di Pavia

Laurea Specialistica Interfacoltà inEditoria e Comunicazione Multimediale (ECM)

Accessibility: a definition “The art of ensuring that, to as large an extent as possible, facilities

(such as, for example, Web access) are available to people whether or not they have

impairments of one sort or another”

Tim Berners Lee

“ Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web.

More specifically, Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive,

understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the

Web”

W3C

DisabilitySource:“La disabilità in Italia - Il quadro della statistica ufficiale”

(Istat 2009)

In Italy, in the years 2004-2005, people with disabilities were about 2,800,000 (5,1% of the whole population)

Rest of popu-lationPeople with disabili-ties

Accessibility: beneficiaries People with permanent disability (visual, auditive, motor, cognitive,

neurological impairments)

But not only…

Elderly people

Temporary invalids

People with low literacy or not fluent in the language

People with (Internet) low-bandwidth or using obsolete technologies

New and infrequent Web users

From WCAG 1.0 to 2.0WCAG 1.0 WCAG 2.0 2 principles:

Ensuring graceful transformation Making content understandable

and navigable

14 guidelines

Checkpoints Priority 1 (must) Level

A Priority 2 (might) Level

AA Priority 3 (may) Level

AAA

4 principles: Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

12 guidelines

Success criteria Level A Level AA Level AAA

Italian regulation Law 4/2004 – “Disposizioni per favorire l’accesso dei soggetti

disabili agli strumenti informatici” (Stanca Law) Obstacles:

Public sector membership Existence of a contract Art. 8 of the Implementation Regulation self-evaluation of the

accessibility for public subjects

PDL 1226 (2006) Proposal for modification and improvement of 4/2004

Propose: Independence from the contract More checks on law enforcement

Studies of AccessibilityAim:

To verify, on the basis of WCAG 2.0, the implementation of these international regulations on the websites of the three major mobile phone companies operating in Italy

Tim: pros and cons

Resizable text (but not up to 200%)

Too much content with not enough space between text lines

Good contrast ratio between text (or images of text) colors and background

Useful input fields: clear label out of the field

Text alternatives are provided for any non-text content

All functionalities are available from keyboard

Visible focus

Headings and labels clearly describe topic or purpose

CAPTCHA with alternative file audio link

And more…

Effective titles (“TIM.it: Tariffe, Chiavette,Telefonini, Assistenza e Servizi Mobili”)

Alternative language is not provided

HTML and CSS coding errors:• missing objects

• end tags omitted

• no unique ID

• ..and more..

57 errors only in the homepage…

And more…

Vodafone: pros and cons

Accessible site link

Insufficient contrast ratio between text and background colors in menu area (red/white)

Too much content with not enough space between text lines

Useful input fields: clear label in the field

Text alternatives are provided for any non- text content

Good contrast ratio between text (or images of text) colors and background (except for white/red)


Effective titles (“ADSL internet, telefoni cellulari e offerte telefonia- Vodafone ”)

Only few functionality are available from keyboard

Invisible focus

No resizable text

And more…


HTML and CSS coding errors :• missing objects

• end tags omitted

• no unique ID

• ..and more...


And more…

Vodafone: pros and cons

Resizable text (but not up to 200%)

Glossary

Insufficient contrast ratio between text and background colors in menu area (red/white)

Content only based on text

W3C certification (HTML 1.0, CSS, WCAG 1.0- level AAA)

And more…



HTML and CSS in conformity with W3C standards (HTML 1.0, CSS, WCAG 1.0- level AAA)

Color scheme and content organization customizable by the user (“Personalizza il sito”)

And more…

Enough space between paragraph but not enough between text lines

Absence of input field (provided in normal site): only informative content

no interaction with the users


Wind: pros and cons

Low contrast ratio between text (or images of text) color and background

Less content in the homepage: less dispersive page


Unuseful input field: label in the field


Visible focus

Text alternatives are not provided for any non-text content (ex. box

images)

No effective titles (only the name of the company without description of

its activity)

No resizable text


Color scheme and content organization not customizable by the user

And more…

HTML and CSS coding errors:• missing objects• attribute "alt" not specified• end tags omitted• no unique ID• HTML language tag defines English but pages content is in Italian

problem to screen reader

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">


And more…

Conclusions The analysis shows that, even leading companies do not properly

consider web accessibility

As a consequence, a still large number of people afflicted with chronic or temporary disability are neglected

The compliance with accessibility rules would represent a significant advantage for many people and further development opportunities for companies. Accessibility should therefore be considered not as a plus, but as an essential synergy between social needs and development of companies (both public and private)

Thanks for your kind attention

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