Il progetto SPES:

un acceleratore di fasci radioattivi a Legnaro

http://www.lnl.infn.it/~spes/TDR2008/executive_summary_2008.pdf

per informazioni ulteriori

• What are the limits for existence of nuclei?• How do weak binding and extreme proton-neutron asymmetry affect nuclear properties? • How to built complex nuclei from their basic constituents?• What is the origin of the elements?• ....

Research with exotic nuclei(extreme N/Z ratio)

Nuclear-Structure Physics Nuclear Astrophysics

Fundamental InteractionsApplications

Radioactive Beams Physics

Neutron-richbeams

Element formation beyond iron involve rapid neutron capture and radioactive decay Element formation beyond iron involve rapid neutron capture and radioactive decay

Origin of the elements heavier than iron

Despite many years of

intensive effort, the r-process site

and the astrophysical

conditions continues to be

an open question.

Element formation in r-process: quenching of shell-structure?

Pfeiffer et al., Z. Phys. A357 (1997) 235

Experimenlal Signatures:

Energies of the excited levels

Nucleon Separation energies

Transition matrix elements

Shell evolutionShell evolution

New Density DistributionsProtonNeutron

Neutron skin

r

Neutron halo

r

p/n decoupling

Stable Nucleus

r

Neutron Star

Lead Nucleus

crust

skin

10 km

10 fm

Both neutron skin and neutron star crust are made out of neutron rich matter at similar densities.

Neutron-rich matter and neutron skins

A Mid-term ISOL Facility for the production of n-rich beams by

the fission of Uranium target

Neutron Rich Neutron Rich IsotopesIsotopes

A: 80-160 A: 80-160

RIB INTENSITY:107-109 rare ions/s on the experimental target

238U(UCx)

Fission fragments

Experiments

1013 f/s

SPES -RIB facilitySPES -RIB facility

Primary beam Power on target

target Fission

s-1

Reaccelerator

AMeVAMeV

A=130, A=130,

20+20+

132132SnSn

raterate

ISOLDE p 1-1.4 GeV - 2 A 0.4 KW Direct 4·1012 Linac 3 107

HRIBF p 40 MeV 10 A 0.4 KW Direct 4·1011 Tandem

25MV4 2·105

SPIRAL C-Kr 95 AMeV 6 KW Direct Cyclotron

TRIUMF p 450 MeV 70 A 17 KW Direct SC Linac

CRC UCL p 30 MeV 300 A 9 KW Direct Cyclotron

EXCYT 13C 45 AMeV 0.5 KW Direct Tandem

15MV

A review of the ISOL facilities in the worldA review of the ISOL facilities in the world

HIE

ISOLDE upgradeDirect 4·1012 SC Linac 5-10 2·108

HRIBFup-grade

p 54 MeV 20 A 1.8KW Direct 1012 Tandem

25MV4 5·105

SPIRAL2 d 40 MeV 5mA 200 KW Convert. 1014 Cyclotron 6 2·109

SPES p 40 MeV 200 A 8 KW Direct 1013 SC Linac 10 3·108

Cyclotron: protons 70 MeV 0.75mA

High Resolution Mass Selector 1/20000

SC RFQ PIAVE

TRASCO RFQ: protons 5MeV 25mA

Neutron Facility: BNCT – LENOSThermal neutrons 109 n cm-2 s-1

Fast neutrons 1014 n s-1

Direct Target 1013 f s-1 Mass Separator (on HV platform 250KV)

Charge Breeder (200KW) installed over HV platform (250KV)

Cryopanel

SC Linac ALPI

General SPES layout

The SPES main components

1 - Driver

2 - Target-Ion Source

3 - Beam Transport-Selection

Cyclotron 70 MeV protons 750 A

Direct target, UCx disks, 1013 fissions/sec

Surface Ion Source ,FEBIAD and RILIS Ion sources

High-resolution mass spectrometer1/20000

ECR charge breeder 132Sn26+

the present, PIAVE-ALPI accelerator with improved performances

4 - Charge Breeder

5 - Reaccelerator

1

2

3

3

4

5

IBA C70 characteristics: • Diameter < 4m • Weight > 120t• Magnetic Gap: 30mm• Magnetic field: 1.55T• Extraction Radius: 1.2m• 2 exit ports

SPES design

• Particles: H- / D- / He2+/ HH+

• Variable Energy : 15 MeV 70 MeV

• extraction Systems: Stripper H- / D-

Deflector He2+/ HH+

• Performances: 750µA H- 70MeV : 35µA He2+ 70MeV

The driver cyclotron

IBA C70 cyclotron

SPES target

UCx discs Graphite containerTantalum Heather

- - MULTIPLE UCX SLICESMULTIPLE UCX SLICES : increase the surface radiation area: increase the surface radiation area (P= (P= εε··σσ·S· T·S· T44 Stefan-Boltzmann lawStefan-Boltzmann law))

- GRAPHITE DUMP- GRAPHITE DUMP : : stops protons with low fission rate & high stopping power valuestops protons with low fission rate & high stopping power value

Basic ideas:

Fission efficiency 100p per 1.5 Fission FragmentsPower density in UCx = 70W/gr

Proton Beam

200A 40 MeV

8kWExotic beam: 1+

Stopping Power & Fission Cross Section f or p-> UCx

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50

Proton Energy (MeV)

Barn

& M

eV/d

g*cm

2.

Fission Cross Section

Stopping PowerDump: graphite

Target: UCx (30gr)Target: UCx (30gr)

UCx disks 4cm diaTotal wheight 30gr

1013 fissions/sec

SPES Target Activities

Sub-TASK2: Sub-TASK2: Material DevelopmentMaterial Development

- Carbide productions

- Carbide characterizations

- New porous material

- New characterization methods

Sub-TASK1: Sub-TASK1: Mechanical DevelopmentMechanical Development

- Thermo-Mechanical Calculation

- Handling Calculation

- CAD mechanical drawings

- Development of target prototypes

- Front- end & new devices

20 40 60 80 100

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

§ * **

*

**** *

**

*

*

Inte

nsity

2

*

* UC2 pdf # 84-1344

§

§ Graphite pdf #

1

MNMX

XY

Z

Target SPES

.797E+07.291E+08

.502E+08.714E+08

.925E+08.114E+09

.135E+09.156E+09

.177E+09.198E+09

FEB 11 200723:44:17

NODAL SOLUTION

STEP=1SUB =1TIME=1SEQV (AVG)DMX =.571E-03SMN =.797E+07SMX =.198E+09

Sub-TASK3: Sub-TASK3: Ion Source DevelopmentIon Source Development

- Laser tests at Pavia lab

LaC pellets: Final LaC pellets: Final SPES dimensionSPES dimension

The SPES The SPES Ion SourcesIon SourcesIonization schema with a Surface ionizer coupled to a Laser beam

Hot surface

Atom Ion

Surface ionization

Ionization energy< 5-6 eV

Ground state

Ground state

continuum

Conductive bandFermi energy

Hot surfaceWork function

Ion

Laser ionization

Atom

laser

Ionization energy

< 9 - 10 eV

Ground state

continuum

Excited states

Laser beam

Laser source development: INFN-Laser source development: INFN-PaviaPavia

Protons 70MeV 300 A on UCx targetAmbient dose equivalent [Sv/h]in the target hall and shielding walls around.

LNL Radiation Prot. Serv. L. Sarchiapone, D. Zafiropoulos

vertical

horizontal

UCx

tantalum

FLUKA simulations

Radiation protection

20 m

HRMS

CBMS

Charge Breeder(HVplatform 250kV)

TIS – RF Cooler - WienFilter(60kV extraction + 200kV platform)

8 m15 m

cryopanel

1/20000

1/2500

43 m

Radioactive Ion Beam transport lines

High Resolution Mass Separator

Second stage of the EXCYTisobaric mass separator

Project name EXCYT SPES

Number of dipoles 2 2

Bending Angle 90° 110°

Bending radius 2.6 m 2.6 m

Entrance/exit angle 12.8° 32°

Magnetic field range 0.6 - 4.4 kGauss 1.0 - 4.4 kGauss

beam size at analysis slits 0.4 mm 0.4 mm

Teta acceptance 40 mrad 40 mrad

(x,x’) emittance 4 mm.mrad 4 mm.mrad

Y beam size 2 mm 2 mm

Phi acceptance 10 mrad 10 mrad

(y,y’) emittance 4 mm.mrad 5 mm.mrad

Resolving power >15.000 >20.000

Dispersion 16 m 28 m

Comparison of the main parameters of the EXCYT and the SPESmass spectrometer.SPES HRMS design

Charge Breeder For the SPES Progect ECR ION SOURCEECR ION SOURCE

•FULLY PERMANENT MAGNET @ 14 GHz

FPMS

•ROOM TEMPERATURE @ 14-18GHz

RTS

•HT SUPERCONDUCTING @ 18 GHz

HTS

•FULLY SUPERCONDUCTING @ >18 GHZ

FSS

SUPERNANOGAN BY PANTECHNIK

KEKCB @ TRIAC

PHDelis

BY

PANTECHNIK

LPSC Booster

Nb/ Cu spattered cavitiesNb/ Cu spattered cavitiesor bulk Nb cavitiesor bulk Nb cavities

ALPI superconductive Linac up-grade: Low Beta cavities Stronger Magnetic lenses

PIAVE upgrade for SPES- new bunching section- new diagnostics- new cryostats

The SPES neutron Facility

• 6/6 modules machined• RFQ1 and RFQ2 brazed and accepted• RFQ3 first brazing performed• All modules brazed within 2008

Installed and in operation at LNLTRIPS source: 30-50mA protons

TRASCO RFQ: 5 MeV High IntensityTRASCO RFQ: 5 MeV High Intensityproton accelerator proton accelerator >> 30mA 30mA(150kW beam power)(150kW beam power)

Neutron production based on High Intensity proton beam

171

cm

156.5 cm

187 cm

LiF (2.5 cm)

LiF (1 cm)

BeO

PbBeD 2

Bi

D2 O

th (E 0.4

eV)(cm-2s-1)

th total

Knth

(Gy·h-1)

Kn epi-fast

(Gy·h-1)

K

(Gy·h-1)K Kn tot

Kn (E>10 eV) /

th

(Gy·cm2)

K / th

(Gy·cm2)

Ref. > 1E+09 > 0.90 ≤ 2E-13 ≤ 2E-13

Fase-III 1.17E+09 0.99 0.70 0.0008 0.58 0.8 7.93E-16 1.38E-13

Excellent thermal neutron beamLow gamma field

Conversion target (Beryllium)Conversion target (Beryllium)

Exit portExit port

109 n cm-2s-1

Be target after test at 150 KW

Proton beam: 5MeV 30mAProton beam: 5MeV 30mA

0.84 MeV

1.47 MeV

γ11B 0.48 MeV (94% events)10Bn 11B

7Li*

4He

Neutron production reaction: 30mA, 5MeV p + Be

SPES-BNCT projectSPES-BNCT project

¤ Activation Facility (cw beam: I = 30mA)- n energy range = 1-300 keV- astrophysics interest (sTOT -> MACS)- neutron flux ~ 1010 n/s·cm2

- small radioactive samples: 1015 atoms/cm2 -> implantation of SPES RIBs (2 weeks)

Neutron production: Neutron production: 77Li(p,n)Li(p,n)

Degradatore di Energia Bersaglio di litio

1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.10.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05 SRIM 2008 Gaussian fitting (E

p= 1.72 ± 0.09 MeV)

dN

/dE

(a

rb. u

nits

)

Proton energy (MeV)

4.4 % of protons above threshold

Selettore di fascioFiltro di Wien

Possibile produzione bersaglio con fascio SPES

~5% fascio primario

~ 2mA

Spettro neutroni stellari 1010 n/s·cm2

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 3900.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

Neutron Energy (keV)dN

n/d

E

Maxwellian at 30 keV LENOS Neutron Spectrum

Fascio protoni 30-50 mA

Bersaglio in studio

Pierfrancesco Mastinu

An irradiation facility to fulfill the increasing demand of high-flux neutron beams, meetingthe needs of a large National and International community for studies related to several Interdisciplinary fields, from Astrophysics to bio-medicine, from development of new detectors and electronics to material research.

The LENOS facility The LENOS facility

LNL Director: G.Puglierin

LNS Director: M.Lattuada

Advisory Committee

SPES Working Group

Steering Committee

Project Leader: G.Prete

Technical Coordinator: A.PisentScientific Coordinator: A.CovelloQualified Expert: D.Zafiropoulos

Task LeadersProject manager

Management board

SPES project organization

La Rana, Pirrone, Colonna, Million, Bruno, Lunardi, Corradi, Casini, Cuttone, Alba

Safety & Control, Infrastructure, TIS, RIB manipulation, pDriver, Re-acc, Neutron Facility, Scientific Support

SPES Economic plan kEuro

Infrastructures RIB 12340

Target (2 stations) 5900

Beam Transfer 7650

Cyclotron 8400

Re-accelerator upgrade 7000

41290

Infrastructures NeutronFacility 3744

High Intensity Linac 3632

Neutron Facility BNCT - LENOS 3330

10706

total 51996

To be developed with external fundings

SPES first priority

2 Meuro 16 Meuro 14 Meuro 11 Meuro

2006

2008

2009 2010

2011

2012

2013

RIB’s Buildings

Cyclotron with safety and infrastructures

Proton beam transport

Target Ion Source (TIS) for RIB

Low Beta ALPI upgrade

TIS safety and infrastructures for UCx

ChargeBreeder

RIB reacceleration

Second TIS

HRMS 1/20000

Pulsed Beam on reaccelerator

SPES funding

phase 1

phase 2 phase 3

SPES SCHEDULESPES SCHEDULE2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Facility design

First Target and ion source

Second target and ion source

Authorization to operate

Building construction

Target installation and commissioning

Completion of RFQ for Neutron Facility

Installation and commissioning Neutron Facility

Cyclotron construction

Cyclotron Installation and commissioning

Alpi preparation for post acceleration

Installation of RIBs transfer lines and spectrometer

Complete commissioning

Second priority

Critical timing

INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro: A.Andrighetto, M.Barbui, G.Bassato, A.Battistella, G.Bisoffi, E.Brezzi, M. Calviani, S.Canella, D.Carlucci, S.Carturan, M.Cavenago, F.Cervellera, R.Cherubini, M.Cinausero, M.Comunian, P.Colautti, L.Corradi, L.Costa, A.Dainelli, G.de Angelis, A.D’Este, J.Esposito, P.Favaron, E.Fagotti, E.Fioretto, M.Giacchini, F.Gramegna, F. Grespan, P.Ingenito, A.Lombardi, M.Lollo, G.Maggioni, G.Martin Hernandez, P.Mastinu, P.Modanese, M.F.Moisio, D.Napoli, A.Palmieri, R.Pegoraro A.Pisent, M.Poggi, A.Porcellato, P.A.Posocco, J.Praena, G.Prete, G.Puglierin, M.Rigato, V.Rizzi, C.Roncolato, Y.Shengquan, S.Stark, A.M.Stefanini, M.Tonezzer, D.Zafiropoulos

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania: L.Calabretta, L.Celona, F.Chines, L.Cosentino, G.Cuttone, P.Finocchiaro, S.Gammino, M.Lattuada, G.E.Messina, M.Re, D.Rizzo, A. DiPietro

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Padova: S.Beghini, L. De Nardo, P.Mason, M.Mazzocco G.Montagnoli, F.Scarlassara, G.F. Segato, C.Signorini, S.Lenzi

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Torino: G.Pollarolo

INFN Sezione di Bari: V.Variale, N. Colonna

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Pavia: P.Benetti

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Napoli: G. La Rana, A. Covello, A. Gargano, D. Pierroutsakou

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Firenze: G. Casini

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Bologna: M. Bruno, M. D’Agostino

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Milano: B. Million, G. Colò

INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Catania: S. Pirrone,

SPES Working group: INFN

University of Padova

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica: L. Biasetto, P. Colombo, M. Manzolaro, G. Meneghetti,

Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Costruzioni e Trasporti: V.

Salomoni, C. Majorana

Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche: P. Di Bernardo, P. Zanonato, L. Piga

ENEA, Bologna: C. Antonucci, S. Cevolani, C. Petrovich, R. Tinti

LASA,Milano: C. De Martinis

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, University of Trento: I. Cristofolini, M. De Cecco, R. Oboe

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Nucleare, University of Palermo: G. Vella, E. Tomarchio, S. Rizzo, P. Guarino

SPES working Group: Italian Insitutions

Sezione di PadovaSezione di Padova

EXOTIC GAMMA PRISMA

Esperimenti legati alla Fisica di SPES

Il gruppo EXOTIC ha collaborato al gruppo di studio

sullo spettrometro ad alta risoluzione.

P-40 MeV 0.2 mA

238U target +20 kV

Low massresolution selection

High massresolution selection

On -60 kV plat

X+1

Charge breederOn +20kV

X+nBunching

RFQ

PIAVESRFQ

ALPI

RFQ-DTL

P-40 MeV 0.2 mA

238U target +250 kV

Low massresolution selection

High mass resolution selection

X+1

Charge breederOn +250kV

X+nPIAVESRFQ

ALPI

RFQ-DTLSeparation between

high and low radiation zones

Separation between high and low

radiation zones

layout della linea di

trasporto e di selezione

EXOTIC

AGATAAGATAGAMMA

Next generation spectrometer based on gamma-ray tracking4 germanium array

No suppression shieldsVery high efficiency and spectrum quality

For radioactive beams facilities such as SPES, SPIRAL2, FAIR

The Heavy-Ion Magnetic Spectrometer

PRISMA is a magnetic spectrometer for heavy ions installed at Legnaro, with very large solid angle (80 msr), wide momentum acceptance (10 %) and

good mass resolution (1/300)F.Scarlassara, S.Beghini, P.Mason, G.Montagnoli

Univ. di Padova and INFN - Sezione di Padova

+ LNL , Univ. e Sezioni INFN di Napoli e Torino

Il gruppo PRISMA padovano ha in programma nel prossimo futuro di indagare le possibilita` che lo spettrometro potrebbe offrire usando i fasci radioattivi che saranno prodotti da SPES. Le caratteristiche di PRISMA ne fanno uno strumento ideale per l'uso con fasci esotici. In ambito SPES e' in fase di perfezionamento un accordo di collaborazione con ISOLDE (CERN), ove si intende costruire uno spettrometro simile. Il gruppo PRISMA di Padova si sta occupando dell'utilizzo dello spettrometro in “gas-filled mode”, che consente di misurare a zero gradi in particolare reazioni di fusione; questo sviluppo riguarda soprattutto il “dopo-Agata” e l’utilizzo di fasci prodotti da SPES.

PRISMA

Sezione di PadovaSezione di Padova

Il progetto SPES, per poter essere realizzato, ha bisogno del contributo delle Sezioni INFN, ad esempio in terminidi lavori di officina.

La sezione di Padova può quindi contribuire a costruire partidel progetto (esempio: separatore di massa ad alta risoluzioneprevisto nella terza fase) con la sua officina meccanica.

The INFN Legnaro Laboratory