Il contributo italiano alle attività di ECBCS-Annex 54 ... · PDF fileAnalysis of...

Il contributo italiano alle attività di ECBCS-Annex 54 Analysis of Micro-Generation & Related Energy

Technologies in Buildings

MAURIZIO SASSO!Giovanni Angrisani, Carlo Roselli!

Workshop ENEA: Riqualificazione di edifici esistenti con elevati standard energetici: metodi e tecnologie, 12 giugno

2013, Roma

1

UNIVERSITA’ del SANNIO, Italia DING (Dipartimento di INGegneria)

Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria Energetica

2

M. Sasso, Workshop ENEA: Riqualificazione di edifici esistenti con elevati standard energetici: metodi e tecnologie, 12 giugno 2013, Roma

Annex 54: scope Hybrid small scale systems supplying heating, cooling

and electricity to buildings

–  Integrated Systems •  Generators

– Combined Heat and Power (ICE, Stirling, Fuel Cells) – Renewable hybrid systems (solar, micro wind)

•  Components –  Thermal and electrical storage – Cooling equipments

•  Advanced Control – Demand side management –  Smart grid integration –  Load sharing

3

Annex 54: operating agents and participants

Belgium Cogen Vlaanderen Catholic University of Leuven

Canada Natural Resources Canada Na9onal Research Council Carleton University

Denmark Dantherm Power A/S

Germany Research Center for Energy Economics (FfE) Technische Universität München (TUM) University of Applied Science of Cologne

Italy Università degli Studi del Sannio Seconda Università di Napoli Na9onal Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Università Politecnica delle Marche Università degli Studi e-‐Campus Università degli Studi di Trieste

Japan Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Osaka University, Nagoya University, Tokyo Gas, Osaka Gas, Toho Gas Saibu Gas Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Ltd Yanmar Energy Systems Ltd

Korea Korean Ins9tute for Energy Research (KIER)

N e t h e r -‐lands

Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TU/e)

U n i t e d Kingdom

University of Strathclyde, Scotland Imperial College London, England University of Bath, England

U n i t e d States

Na9onal Ins9tute for Standards and Technology (NIST)

Countries: 10 Organisations: 30

Operating Agents Evgueniy Entchev

(CanmetENERGY Research Centre, Canada) Peter Tzscheutschler (TUM, Germany)


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Annex 54: Organization and Subtasks

Subtask B Performance Assessment

Subtask A Technical

Development

Subtask C Robust

Mechanism for Diffusion

data, models

Methodology

Leadership: Ken Darcovich (NRC, Canada)

Ian Beausoleil-Morisson (Carleton Uni., Canada)

Leadership: Maurizio Sasso

(Uni. Sannio, Italy)

Leadership: Adam Hawkes

(Imperial College London, UK)


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Subtask B Leadership: Università degli Studi del Sannio

General aims:

1. Expand the performance assessment methodology developed within

Annex 42;

2. Define a set of models (buildings, devices and systems) to be used within

the performance studies;

3. Undertake a large number of simulations, experimental and field-test

studies;

4. Analyse the impact of single devices on the low-voltage electricity grid;

5. Undertake a synthesis analysis of the performance studies, with a view to

identifying “common rules of thumb”.


6

Subtask B Leadership: Università degli Studi del Sannio

Deliverables

Existing scientific articles

RECCHP 54

PACCHP 54

CSCCHP 54

CSCCHP 54

CSCCHP 54

SCCHP 54

New scientific articles

Specific studies on the impacts of micro-generation on the

community

ILGV 54

IEA Annex 54

Summary Report

Subtask A

Subtask B

Subtask C


Università degli Studi del Sannio: contributing activities for Subtask A

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Experimental calibration and validation of microgeneration and BOP equipments


8

Università degli Studi del Sannio: contributing activities for Subtask B

CSCCHP54: Simulation of a micro-trigeneration system in different Italian operating conditions

Comparison of AS and CS: summer energy flows

CHILLER

MCHP

( )thelelASp η-η-1ηE

ASpE

DW

thASp ηE

elASp ηE ( ) US

eleelASp E≡r-1ηE

eelASp rηE

UScoE

AHU

COOLING COIL

ASeel

ASp COPrηE

thASp ηE

HEATING COIL

process section

regeneration

section

Process air

Regeneration air

USelE

UScoE

USER ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

HEATING COIL

CHILLER ELECTRIC

GRID

COOLINGCOIL

BOILER

AHU

CHelE

BthE

EGpE

BpE

CSpE

USelE

CSCHel COPE

Process air

UScoE


9

Università degli Studi del Sannio: contributing activities for Subtask B

CSCCHP54: TRNSYS simulation project


10

Università degli Studi del Sannio: contributing activities for Subtask C

1. Policy Instruments for Microgeneration and Related Energy Technologies in Italy

with contributions from ENEA and Università Politecnica delle Marche: •  Policy Overview •  White and Green Certificates •  Feed-in tariffs •  Low carbon heating incentives •  Grants

•  Tax incentives •  Device minimum standards regulation •  Building regulations •  Smart metering and time-of-use tariffs

2. A further report is in progress, to analyze the influence of policy mechanisms on the analyzed small scale cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Three scenarios will be investigated: •  Reference system •  Microgeneration system without incentives •  Microgeneration system with incentives (subsidies, generation bonus) Sensitivity analysis will be also performed: •  Influence of MCHP and storage capacity •  Influence of demand profile •  Influence of control method


11


Second University of Naples Department of Architecture and Industrial Design

MCHP

Electric loads

Domestic hot water

Natural gas

Cooling

EHP (7.5 kW as nominal capacity)

Electric power

Thermal power

Cooling

Three-phase AHP (10 kW as nominal cooling capacity)

Heating

TANK

Calibration and validation of the dynamic Annex 42 model for simulating MCHP units References: • G. Angrisani, A. Rosato, C. Roselli, M. Sasso, S. Sibilio, Experimental results of a micro-trigeneration installation, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 38, pp. 78-90, 2012 • A. Rosato, S. Sibilio, Calibration and validation of a model for simulating thermal and electric performance of an internal combustion engine-based micro-cogeneration device, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 45-46, pp. 79-98, 2012. • A. Rosato, S. Sibilio, Energy performance of a micro-cogeneration device during transient and steady-state operation: Experiments and simulations, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 52, pp. 478–491, 2013. • A. Rosato, S. Sibilio, Performance assessment of a micro-cogeneration system under realistic operating conditions, Energy Conversion and Management 70 (2013) 149–162.

Seconda Università di Napoli (SUN): contributing activities for Subtask A

Dynamic simulation of a building-integrated MCHP system for an Italian residential application, considering different: a)  technology and type of MCHP unit; b)  MCHP control strategy; c)  tank volume; d)  thermal and electric demand profiles. Energy, environmental and economic comparison with a reference system.

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MULTI-FAMILY HOUSE

MCHP

BOILER

PHE

TANK

GAS

GAS

GAS

DHW

fancoil

fancoil

fancoil

MAINS

NATURAL GAS

HD

IHE 1

IHE 2

IHE 3

ELECTRICGRID

DHW

DHW

P3

P2

P1

BOILER CIRCUIT

MCHP CIRCUIT

NATURAL GAS LINEGAS

ELECTRICITY LINE

T1

T2

T3

T4DHW CIRCUIT

SPACE HEATING CIRCUIT

D1

V1

D2

V2

V3D3

OF

IF

Second University of Naples Department of Architecture and Industrial Design

TRNSYS References

•  G. Ciampi, A. Rosato, S. Sibilio, ENERGY ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING-INTEGRATED MICRO-COGENERATION SYSTEM FOR A RESIDENTIAL APPLICATION IN SOUTH ITALY, MicrogenIII, Naples, Italy, April 15-17, 2013.

•  G. Ciampi, A. Rosato, M. Scorpio, S. Sibilio, INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-INTEGRATED MICRO-COGENERATION SYSTEM, MicrogenIII, Naples, Italy, April 15-17, 2013.

•  A. Rosato, M. Scorpio, S. Sibilio, ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF THREE MCHP SYSTEMS INTEGRATED IN A MULTI-FAMILY HOUSE IN THE SOUTH OF ITALY, MicrogenIII, Naples, Italy, April 15-17, 2013.

•  G. Angrisani, A. Rosato, C. Roselli, M. Sasso, S. Sibilio, A. Unich, LOCAL EMISSIONS OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING-INTEGRATED MICRO-COGENERATION SYSTEM, MicrogenIII, Naples, Italy, April 15-17, 2013.

SUN: contributing activities for Subtask B

Aim of the work:

Development of strategies to optimize performance and value of hybrid micro-generation system

In details:

§  High Solar PhotoVoltaic, HCPV concentrator model

§  14kW and 28kW variable-speed ICE model

§  algorithm for the optimal management of a hybrid system composed by a HCPV model and a variable speed ICE able to follow the minimization of operating cost, CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption

Università Politecnica delle Marche/E-Campus: contributing activities for Subtask A


Aim of the work: Performance analysis of hybrid micro-generation system in public buildings, taking as reference case public buildings of a small local area in Marche Region

Three building typologies have been considered in the analysis:

§  office buildings,

§  school buildings

§  sport facilities.

General indicators to assess energy savings and CO2 emission reduction derived from the application of hybrid micro-generation systems in public buildings have been identified.

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Università Politecnica delle Marche/E-Campus: contributing activities for Subtask B


15

Aim of the work:

Assessment of the effect of policy mechanisms on hybrid systems introduction, taking

as reference case the three case studies analysed in Subtask B

Assessment of the influence of micro-generation on 12 urban areas in Marche

Region. The analysis will be developed with the aid of a specific tool, EnergyPlan,

developed by the Aalborg University

0

5

10

15

20

25

with

out

polic

y

TWC

CH

P fu

el

cost

feed

-in

with

out

polic

y

TWC

CH

P fu

el

cost

feed

-in

with

out

polic

y

TWC

CH

P fu

el

cost

feed

-in

office school sport facilities

SPB

(y

ear)

Università Politecnica delle Marche/E-Campus: contributing activities for Subtask C



Genetic optimization of a PCM enhanced storage tank for solar domestic hot water systems

Objectives:

–  Increase the storage efficiency

–  Reduce the overall tank size.

A traditional 300 liters storage tank has been

considered as base case for the optimization. The

Rome and Trieste climate data have been considered

for the simulations.

Università degli Studi di Trieste: contributing activities for Subtask A


Model and method

The PCM modules are cylindical (bidimensional

model)

Phase change model: enthalpic formulation

Variables Range

min max

ht [m] 1.29 1.79

sis [m] 0.01 0.075

nm [-] 0 30

hm [m] 0.05 0.3

Dm [m] 0.02 0.08

hm,bot [m] 0 ht - hm

TPC [°C] 25 60

Optimization:

–  SOBOL filler (initial population

of 29 individuals)

–  30 generations

–  NSGA-II algorithm


Multi-obiective optimization results for Rome

The results, expressed in terms of primary energy requirements

and volume, have been compared with the base case.

1 2 The outcomes show a

reduced impact of the

PCM amount inside the

tank on the reduction of

the energy required.

TOPICS 1.  DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROGENERATION AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES; 2.  MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MICROGENERATION SYSTEMS;

3.  PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES WITH MICROGENERATION;

4.  INTEGRATION, CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION OF MICROGENERATION, ENERGY

STORAGE AND DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES,

5.  IMPACT OF MICROGENERATION;

6.  MICROGRIDS, CELLS AND LOCAL ENERGY NETWORKS;

7.  MARKET & POLICY FOR MICRO GENERATION

The 3rd edi9on of the Interna9onal Conference on Microgenera9on and Related Technologies. Naples 15-‐17 April 2013


122 Papers 134 Participants persons 1 Special Issue

•  Applied Thermal Engineering

Selected Papers for •  Solar Energy •  Sustainable Cities and Technologies •  International Journal of Low Carbon

Technology

18 Countries Austria Italy Belgium Japan Brazil Korea Canada Portugal China Russia Denmark Spain France Thailandia Germany UK India USA


Prof. Maurizio Sasso Facoltà di Ingegneria Università degli Studi del Sannio

Tel. +390824305509 Fax +390824325246 E-mail: [email protected]

Carlo Roselli Facoltà di Ingegneria Università degli Studi del Sannio


Giovanni Angrisani Facoltà di Ingegneria Università degli Studi del Sannio



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