HCB2023: ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCES

GROUP PROJECT

THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF REWUDHU’ SYSTEM FOR

BETTER ENVIRONMENT AND AS A COST REDUCTION

MEASURE

Submitted by:

Nur Syahirah Binti Mohd Rodzhan 17413

Nor Syahirah Binti Najmudin 17662

Muhammad Hamdan Bin Mat Sabadi 18508

Hasmee Azizy Bin Abdul Ghani 18553

Abdul Muttalib Bin Mohamad 18554

Submitted to:

Dr. Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Bin Endut

Submitted on:

10th November 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 2

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background of Project ...................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Current Problems .............................................................................................................. 4

1.3 Identification of Potential Solutions ................................................................................. 5

1.4 Scope of Study .................................................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 7

2.1 Wudhu’ ............................................................................................................................. 7

2.1.1 Basis in Al-Quran [Surah Al-Maidah, verse 6].......................................................... 7

2.1.2 Water requirements .................................................................................................... 8

2.2 Using Recycle Ablution Water from Islamic Perspective ................................................ 9

CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS ...................... 11

3.1 Ablution water stored by using pump and storage tank ................................................. 11

3.2 Solar evaporation ............................................................................................................ 11

3.3 Vapour Compression ...................................................................................................... 12

3.4 Rain Harvesting .............................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER 4: DECISION MAKING PROCESSES ........................................................... 14

CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN ............................................................................................ 15

CHAPTER 6: TECHNICAL / SCIENTIFIC ASPECT/ SUPPORT ................................. 22

6.1 Quantity of Ablution Water: Estimation Model ............................................................. 22

6.2 Water circulation network of the university musollas in 3 days .................................... 23

CHAPTER 7: ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE CONSIDERATIONS ..................................... 25

CHAPTER 8: BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 26

8.1 Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) .................................................................................. 26

8.2 Operational Expenditure (OPEX) .............................................................................. 26

CHAPTER 9: APPLICATION AND VIABILITY OF RE-WUDHU’ SYSTEM ............ 27

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 29

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ABSTRACT

The ablution ritual consumes large amount of water, especially in musollas and mosques, where

the greywater is allowed to run free and drain away. As quoted in the Hadith, Prophet

Muhammad reminded Muslims to avoid wastage, even when performing the cleansing ritual or

ablution prior to prayer. The ritual, locally known as known as wudhu’, requires a Muslim to

wash exposed body parts with clean water. In Malaysia, most ablution system consists simply

of a row of water taps with a drainage trough to carry the greywater to main drains. As the tap

is usually left running, much good water is wasted in the process. Considering the unnecessary

wastage, a simple recycling system can be designed to collect, treat and reuse the ablution water

within a close-loop system for non-potable water applications, such as toilet flushing and plants

watering. This approach does not only introduce practical engineering solutions in promoting

sustainable living, it is also in-line with the Islamic principles of using natural resources in a

prudent manner. A study about small musollas which has capacity of 30 pax per one prayer

time was conducted to develop and verify a conceptual model of the ablution water recycling

system, named Re-Wudhu’, which fulfills the requirements of Islamic teachings yet viable from

the engineering perspective. A simple ablution water output prediction model was next

proposed to more accurately quantify the capacity and efficiency of the close-loop water

recycling system. Water quality check was also carried out to gauge the effectiveness of

treatment against regulated standards as well as religious provisions. The Re-Wudhu’ system,

retrofitted or installed new, exemplifies a successful merge between engineering know-how and

religious doctrines for enhanced quality living now, and into the future.

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Project

Ablution is the act of washing parts of the body using clean water, as part of preparation for

worshipping. Ablution is required for all Muslim’s to perform before they pray. Since there are

five time of praying in a day in Islam, thus ablution is carried out five times by a Muslim. Due

to the fact that Malaysia is an Islamic country, majority of its citizens are Muslims.

The idea of reusing came as there is abundantly number of mosques and musollas all over

Malaysia, which Muslim’s perform ablution five times a day, the amount of ablution water used

and being channelled into drainage systems are tremendous. Roughly about 2 litre of water is

used by each person to perform ablution. In mosque, average of Muslims performing their

prayers every day is 200. Thus everyday 200 litres of water are being channelled into drains. In

case of Friday prayers, mosque are filled with Muslims to perform their Friday prayers, which

water usage could go up triple or quadruple from normal day ablution water usage.

This massive amount of ablution water can be reused as it is classified as grey water, which its

status as being between fresh, potable water (known as ‘white water’) and sewage water (‘black

water’), and contains far less nitrogen, far fewer pathogens and decomposes much faster than

black water. This water can either be used for other purposes such as for water sprinkler and

even for flushing toilets.

With this project, considerate amount of water can be saved and to reduce amount of fresh water

being used for landscaping purposes (fish pond), water sprinklers and flushing toilets. The

ablution water will be channelled through a filter to remove any solid wastes and then directly

into the storage tank and are kept there until needed for use. This project is targeted to all

mosques and musollas all over Malaysia for water reuse purpose.

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1.2 Current Problems

Based on a few problems that were brought forward during discussion and brainstorming

session, we have reached a consensus on carrying out a project called Re-Wudhu’. Among the

critical problem due to this projects are as follows:

Ineffective Optimization of the Ablution Water

In every mosque and musollas the ablution water is being discharged directly to the

sewer pipe thus causing them to mix with black water. This will contaminate the clean

grey water which initially can be used for other purposes such as flushing toilet and

watering plant. Currently, in Malaysia, this ablution water byproduct is never being

optimized to the maximum as no activities are being done to utilize it.

Discharge of Low Quality Water to The Environment

During the ablution process, there may be dirty contaminants being released such as

dirt, sand particles, blood stains, hairs and even food waste being channeled to the drain.

Without proper treatments, this phenomenon will definitely pollute the environment and

may possibly harm the aquatic life.

Paying the Highly Cost Water Bill by the mosque and musollas

The consumption of water in the mosque and musollas not only revolves around

ablution for prayers but also other purpose such as toilet purpose and watering plant

which definitely boost up the monthly water bill. Instead of using fresh water, recycled

grey water can be used for that purpose, which will reduce water distribution and energy

costs (Jeppesen, 1996).

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1.3 Identification of Potential Solutions

The main objectives of the project are:

To reproduce a cleaner water which is suitable for flushing toilet water

By conducting several treatment processes, the ablution water can later being channelled

safely for toilet purpose. The treated grey water which is up to the river standard is clean

and it has relatively low levels of microbiological contamination. This will maintain the

cleanliness of water thus allowing the user to use without any doubt.

To utilize the ablution water for watering plant

A simple ablution water reuse system appears both economic and capable of treating

ablution water for watering plant purpose. The ablution water that is being stored in a

tank can later is being pumped to the water sprinkler located at garden around the

mosque or musollas.

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1.4 Scope of Study

“Allah do not love those who waste”. The wording taken from Al-Quran, chapter 7:31. This

project is something related to Islamic point of view which Islam prohibits people to do waste.

Re-Wudhu’ project is very helpful in reducing the water consumption in mosque or musollas.

Currently, the water used after taking wudhu’ is flow away to the drain and it has no use. By

implementing this project, the water used after taking wudhu’ will reuse and recycle back for

watering plant and flushing toilet in that mosque or musollas. Thus, a big volume of water can

be saved and help to prevent waste as it is not permitted by Islam.

This project is focusing on a wudhu’ system in a musollas. The musollas can be occupied by

30 persons per praying time which is half male and half female and surrounded by garden which

has plenty number of plants. This kind of musollas normally can be found in the residential

compound or public area. It is approximately 2 litre of water will be used for taking wudhu’ for

one person, 40 litre of water needed to water the plant surrounding the mosollas per day and 4

litre of water needed for one toilet in flushing tank. The musollas is equipped with 4 water taps,

2 taps for male section and 2 for female section. The number of toilet in the musollas are 2, 1

for male section and 1 for female section. The project has high viability because it takes into

account 5 times of prayer in one day. Lastly, the project takes the range of 3 days which

determine the amount of water to be cycled in the system.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Wudhu’

Wuḍhu’ is the Islamic procedure for washing parts of the body including hands, mouth, nostrils,

arms, head and feet using water. What activities require wudhu’, and what rituals constitute and

what breaks or invalidates it are governed by fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Wudhu’ is typically

done in preparation for formal prayers (solah), and also before handling and reading

the Qur'an according to the majority Sunni view. Impurifying activities that

invalidate wudhu’ include urination, defecation, breaking wind, deep sleep, and light bleeding.

Wuḍhu’ is often translated as "partial ablution", as opposed to ghusl, or "full ablution" (where

the whole body is washed), or tayammum or "dry ablution", (where water is replaced with sand

or dust due to its scarcity, its harmful effect on the abluter or some other reason).

2.1.1 Basis in Al-Quran [Surah Al-Maidah, verse 6]

O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your

forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if

you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or

one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do

not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does

not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor

upon you that you may be grateful. (Sahih International)

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2.1.2 Water requirements

The permitted water types that can be used for wudhu’ are as follows:

Spring, sea or river water

Water of melting snow or hail

Water of a big tank or pond

Well water

The prohibited water types that cannot be used for wudhu’ are as follows:

Unclean or impure water

Water extracted from fruit and trees

Water that has changed its colour, taste and smell and become thick because

something was soaked in it

Small quantity of water in which something unclean has fallen, e.g. urine, blood,

stool or wine or some animal had died after falling into it

Water left over after drinking by forbidden animals (e.g. pigs or predatory animals)

Used water of wudhu’ or ghusl (according to the opinion of the Imam Hanbali)

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2.2 Using Recycle Ablution Water from Islamic Perspective

The practical feasibility of treating and reusing this greywater for ablution purposes is not

without potential issues and questions from the religious point of view. A major concern of the

Muslim community in using this recycled water from the ablution ritual lies in the purity of the

water itself. This is particularly critical when the recycling system is to be implemented in a

house of worship, for example, where the recycled water, ideally, can and will be reused for

performing the ablution ritual. This is an ideal concept, as the close-loop circulation system

would have a common input and output points, i.e. retrieved from the ablution area and

redistributed back to the same ablution area.

According to the basic rule of Fiqh, used water is termed Musta’mal water, where the water is

still considered pure, but it cannot be used for purification purposes, i.e. ablution ritual. On the

other hand, a water sample remains “pure” as long as its taste, colour and smell have not

noticeably changed (Singapore Islamic Council, 2007). Therefore, if a treatment method can

restore the taste, colour and smell of the used, “impure” water to its original condition, then the

used water can be considered purified and hence usable for the ablution ritual.

Based on the Usul Fiqh analysis (Maslahah Mursalah - Considerations of Public Interest)

conducted, avoiding wastage in all manners effectively contributes to the good of public

interest, especially in creating a cleaner, healthier and sustainable living environment. Referring

to the analytical method, the use of recycled water for ablution purposes fulfills the criteria set

forth by the religion, therefore effectively putting the issues on purity of the water at rest (Yahya

and Fatchurrahman, 1993).

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A relevant point of reference is the recycled wastewater system introduced in Singapore, i.e.

Newater. The Mufti (religious head) of Singapore explicitly pronounced the acceptability of

Newater from a Muslim’s standpoint. The arguments put forth revolved around the 3

rudimentary methods of restoring the pureness of used water for Muslim’s usage, namely (1)

natural change by time, sun or blowing of wind, (2) change by the addition of clean water, and

hence dilution, as well as (3) change by removal of apparent filth from the used water. However,

it is also noted that these cleansing or purification processes would only restore the

characteristics of pureness to the water on condition that the amount of water post-cleansing

must be equivalent to 2 qullahs (water tank), which is approximately 270 litres in conventional

terms (Singapore Islamic Council, 2007).

Locally, similar doubts on the appropriateness of the recycled water for Muslim’s use were

expressed in public domains too. To quote a typical case, in answer to a question in the “Tanya

Pakar” or “Ask the Expert” column of the Harian Metro newspaper, the expert opinion

corresponded with that mentioned above, i.e musta’mal water can be reused for ablution

purposes as long as the cleansed water is no less than 270 litres (My Metro, 2008).

This requirement to ensure pureness of the recycled water for ablution rituals has been taken

into consideration for designing the Re-Wudhu’ storage and dispensing units, where the treated,

recirculated water is discharged from a volume of no less than required 2 qullahs or 270 litres.

Furthermore, the filtration and chlorination processes will effectively remove all biological

pathogens and impurities from the greywater. Incorporation of these considerations in the

design does not only make Re-Wudhu’ more efficient from the technical point of view (as

discussed further in Chapter 1), but also makes the innovation in-line with the Fiqh's law.

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CHAPTER 3

DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS

The primary source of water to use in watering plant and toilet are from the ablution area.

However, the source of the water can be increased by using some techniques and technologies

such as using pump and storage tank, solar evaporation, vapour compression and rainwater

harvesting. The process of those two technologies is shown below:

3.1 Ablution water stored by using pump and storage tank

Basically, this method is used in this project. Further reason will be discussed in next chapter.

The primary source of water for the system is the ablution area, where greywater from the ritual

is collected in a temporary storage trough beneath the washing bay. The greywater is next

filtered to remove sediments and other fine particles before being pumped into an elevated

storage tank. Filtration is an essential a pre-treatment to remove large suspended solids,

ensuring the pump efficiency and avoiding clogging. Once transferred to the storage tank,

sedimentation would take place to further cleanse the water of finer particles. At the same time,

disinfection of the water would be effected through chlorination using an automated dispenser

fixed to the tank. The treated water is now ready to be distributed indoors or outdoors for various

purposes other than ingestion.

3.2 Solar evaporation

The evaporation process is driven by heat transferred from condensing steam to a solution at a

lower temperature across a metallic heat transfer surface. The absorbed heat causes vaporization

of the solvent, usually water, and an increase in the solute concentration. The resulting vapour

may be vented to the atmosphere, or condensed for reuse. Solar evaporation technology can be

put on top of the roof of musollas.

Evaporator economy can be increased by increasing the number of effects. A multiple

effect system uses the vapour from the first effect as the steam source for each subsequent

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effect. As the temperature decreases in each succeeding stage, evaporation continues because

the pressure and boiling point also are reduced.

The use of each additional effect increases the system's energy efficiency. The number

of effects can be increased to the point where the capital cost of the next effect exceeds the

savings in energy costs.

3.3 Vapour Compression

The use of vapour compression is another proven technique for reducing energy input. In this

approach, vapour discharged from the evaporator chamber is compressed to the

pressure/temperature values required in the heat exchanger.

Mechanical compressors are used most frequently for accomplishing vapour

compression. Compressors may be of the positive displacement, centrifugal, or axial type. An

evaporator system using mechanical vapour compression often will require only an outside

steam source to initiate operation. This usually can be supplied by a small boiler or resistance

heater in the evaporator feed tank. A steam jet thermal compressor using high pressure steam

also may be considered. The use of a thermal compressor is approximately equivalent to adding

an additional evaporator effect.

When available, waste heat from other process streams also may be captured to lower

evaporation costs. For example, hot process fluids may be pumped through the heating tubes

instead of steam, recovering heat and transferring it to the fluid to be evaporated, or energy

from hot flue gases can be converted to steam in a reboiler and subsequently used in an

evaporator.

3.4 Rain Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse in watering plant

or in toilet, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater can be collected from rivers or roofs,

and in this project, it focused more on the roof as there is no pump in the storage tank to supply.

So, it just need different in pressure and gravity force from upper section to lower distribution

section.

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Instead of using the roof for catchment, the RainSaucer as shown in figure 1 below,

which looks like an upside down umbrella, collects rain straight from the sky. This decreases

the potential for contamination and makes potable water for developing countries a potential

application. Other applications of this free standing rainwater collection approach are

sustainable gardening and small plot farming.

Figure 3-1 RainSaucer (Source: www.rainsaucers.com)

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CHAPTER 4

DECISION MAKING PROCESSES

Based on the alternatives given, the correct decision should be made in order to fulfil the

objective of this project. The method used to decide the options is by using project complexity

viability decision matrix (also known as Pugh matrix). This method allows you to achieve this

target by providing a measurable method that allows you to select a specific choice between

many based evaluation values.

Table 4-1 Decision matrix table for decision making process

Competency Cost Viability Desirability Total

Criteria Rating 3 4 5 3

Idea A 3 4 4 4

Pump & storage tank 9 16 20 12 57

Idea B 3 1 3 3

Solar evaporation 9 4 15 9 37

Idea C 3 1 3 2

Vapour compression 9 4 15 6 34

Idea D 2 5 1 2

Rain harvesting 6 20 5 6 37

Based on decision matrix table above, the idea to collect water from ablution by using

pump and storage has the highest score. Cost and viability of the idea A contribute to the high

score as this idea is not using expensive material or component. Hence, our team choose idea

A as our idea in this project to collect and stored the ablution water to be supplied to watering

plant and toilet uses.

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CHAPTER 5

FINAL DESIGN

Figure 5-1 Plan viewed of the project area

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WATER TANK

PRAYER AREA

PIPE ( from tank to

purification

(cleanliness) area-

toilet and ablution

PUMP AND FILTER

WATER

SPRINKLE

Figure 5-2 Detail of the area

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Figure 5-3 Details of the pumping system

PIPE (from ablution

to pump)

PIPE ( from

pump to flush

system)

PIPE (from pump to

water sprinkle)

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Figure 5-4 Ablution area

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Figure 5-5 Details of the recycle wudhu’

WATER SPRINKLE

PUMP AND FILTER

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Figure 5-6 Detail piping system to flush system

FLUSH SYSTEM

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Figure 5-6 Valve that will control the amount of water use for the watering plant

VALVE

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CHAPTER 6

TECHNICAL / SCIENTIFIC ASPECT/ SUPPORT

6.1 Quantity of Ablution Water: Estimation Model

As a pilot study, the V4 surau located at Univeriti Teknologi Petronas was chosen as the target

model in the present study. As in any public buildings, specifically in a Muslim’s house of

worship, the mosque’s water usage ranged from the ablution ritual, general washing and

cleaning as well as watering of surrounding landscape plants.

Table 6-1 Summarizes the survey outcome on the number of worshippers for a typical week.

Prayer time Subuh Zuhr Asr Maghrib Isya' Total

Day

Sunday 25 20 20 40 40 145

Monday 25 20 20 40 40 145

Tuesday 25 20 20 40 40 145

Wednesday 25 20 20 40 40 145

Thursday 25 20 20 40 40 145

Friday 25 20 20 40 40 145

Saturday 25 20 20 40 40 145

TOTAL USERS / WEEK 1015

Based on the information in Table 1, the ablution water consumption for a month can be

estimated by using the following equation:

Total user per week× ablution water volume used per person = 1015 x 3liters = 3045 liters

per week

in m3 = (3045 liters/ (1000 m3/ liters)) = 3.045 m3

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Assume:-

1. *3.0 liters were the average volume of water required for a single ablution ritual,

obtained by monitoring several users of the mosque at various prayer times in a day.

2. Water consumption for each watering plant and general washing is 20 litres and 6 litres

per each activity.

On average, the amount water collected in a week is 3.10 m3. Based on this volume, we reduce

the retention time (storage time) to 3 days, where the volume tank needed is equal to:

Total of water in 3 days = (a45 litres x 3 days) x 3 litres= 1305 litres

Volume of tank needed for 3 days retention time = (585 litres/ (1000 m3/ litres))

= 0.585 m3

Storage water that can be used for purification must be more than two tanks. According to

Melaka State Mufti Department, the weight of the water two tank water are equivalent to 162.72

kg and if calculated by the size of the rectangle, then the two tank water required a size of 60 x

60 cm x 60 cm.

6.2 Water circulation network of the university surau in 3 days

Figure 6-1 Diagram of water circulation at Mussolas in 3 days

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Total of water use for the ablution is 1305 litres. This amount of water is treated and use for

plant watering and toilet flush. The remaining treated water will be stored in the supply storage

tank that include the supply water which equivalent to 1500 litres. The total amount of water

inside the supply water tank will be equal to 2085 litres. The design tank will be 2.085 m3.

Compared to the requirement for water to be purified is 0.216 m3. Therefore , the design tank

is sufficient to the amount of the water needed.

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CHAPTER 7

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE CONSIDERATIONS

Throughout this project, there are several issues related to Islamic law that have been taken into

consideration. Firstly, the storage tank that has been designed in this project should be more

than two ‘qullah’ which is the minimum quantity to remain the water as absolute water or ‘air

mutlak’ even though if there is any ‘najis’ has fall into it as long as it does not change the color,

taste or smell of the water. According to Jabatan Mufti Negeri Melaka [1], the weight of two

‘qullah’ of water is 162.72 kg and if calculated by the size of the rectangle, then it requires a

size of 60 x 60 cm. After considering the size, the sizing of the storage tank was chosen to be 1

m3 volume which is 100 cm x 100 cm. It is obvious that the size of the proposed design fulfils

the requirement for the water to remain its absoluteness.

Moreover, the flowrate for the ablution washing bay need to be control in order to avoid and

prevent any wastage to occur. By controlling the flowrate, we can avoid the people using the

water excessively when taking the ablution. If we refer in the Al-Quran, Surah Al-Isra’ verse

27 Allah has already reminded us for not being wasteful.

ياطين وكان الشيطان لربه كفورا ﴿٢٧﴾ رين كانوا إخوان الش إن المبذ

Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils, and ever has Satan been to his Lord ungrateful.

So, as it is clearly ordered by Allah, it is a must for us to follow. Even wasting is makruh, and

not haram, as a good Muslim we need to avoid any act that will lead to sins. Having a look at

the current situation of our ummah, it is quite worrying because less than half of the Muslims

that really apply the values advocated by Islam. It is including the habit of using much water

during taking the ablution. In order to help the Muslims practice saving habit, the idea of

controlling the flowrate of water flowing through the tap would be practical.

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CHAPTER 8

BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

8.1 Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)

Table 8-1 Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)

8.2 Operational Expenditure (OPEX)

Table 8-2 Operation Expenditure (OPEX)

No Description Quantity Price (RM) Total Price(RM)

1. Services Cost - RM 600.00 RM 600.00

2. Maintenance Cost

-Lube oil replacement

- RM 3,300.00 RM 3,300.00

3. Annual Labour Cost 2 RM 1,150.00 RM 2,300.00

Total OPEX RM 6,200.00

No Description Quantity Price/Unit (RM) Total Price(RM)

1. Toilet 4 RM 150.00 RM 600.00

2. Pump 1 RM 1,250.00 RM 1,250.00

3. Storage Tank 1 RM 550.00 RM 550.00

4. Water Filter 1 RM 2,390.00 RM 2,390.00

5. Piping 1 Line RM 1,890.00 RM 1,890.00

6. Water Sprinkler 3 RM 30.00 RM 90.00

7. Valve 2 RM 30.00 RM 60.00

Total CAPEX RM 6,770.00

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CHAPTER 9

APPLICATION AND VIABILITY OF RE-WUDHU’ SYSTEM

Based on data obtained in technical and science aspects part, the total water consumed in

performing the Wudhu' for every Muslim roughly is around 3 litres being wasted during each

prayer time. So, the total water consumption per week for five players time is around 1305

litres. The Re-Wudhu' conceptual design extremely can reduce the amount of waste water from

ablution process by reuse back the waste water to watering the plant and for toilet flush purpose.

The ablution water can be used for that two purpose because the water still can be considered

as clean water and no need to do extra treatment for the water such as chlorine treatment because

the waste water just contains small portion of particle or dust that not harmful toward human

and environment. This conceptual design also efficiently can be motivating for an economy of

ablution water by reminding them to follow their supreme exemplar who is Prophet Muhammad

.ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص

Besides, Re-Wudhu' conceptual design also can be implemented in limited space area such as

our study area which V4 musollah because this project just likes improvement or some

additional modification that need to be done and indirectly the invested cost still economical to

be implement in Malaysia especially UTP itself. At the same time, this project also can reduce

total water consumption to watering the plant and toilet flush. This project also obeys the Islam

aspect which tries to avoid from waste something and Allah Clearly stated in Al-Quran:

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Lastly, this project also can be considered as low maintenance and almost free maintenance

because it only involved some additional part that needs to be install in order to set-up and make

this project working very well. For example, this project just required to install a pump and

some extension of the pipeline such as the pipeline from the place that performing their wudhu'

to pump and pipeline from pump to the toilet flush and to the garden to watering the plant. Next,

this project also can expend more to large scale such as this project can be implemented in An-

Nur Mosque UTP. If this project will be implemented in An-Nur Mosque the monthly water

consumption can be reduced efficiently and immediately can follow Sunnah of Prophet

Muhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص. .

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REFERENCES

Bisley. (2016). Rain Harvesting System. Retrieved November 5, 2016 from

http://rainharvesting.co.uk/

Jabatan Mufti Melaka. (2004). Pembahagian Jenis Air. Retrieved November 4, 2016 from

http://www.al-azim.com/masjid/infoislam/ibadat/air.htm

Jeppesen, B., D. Solley, C. Melbourne Water, 1994. Urban Water Research Association of

1994. Domestic grey water reuse: overseas practice and its applicability to Australia:

Published for the Urban Water Research Association of Australia by the Melbourne

Water Corporation.

RAIN. (2014). The Rainwater Harvesting Guide for Sustainable Water Supply. Retrieved

November 5, 2016 from http://www.rainfoundation.org/tools/rain-is-gain.html

Smith, Maurice (October, 2008). Watershed moment: SAGD operators embrace new water

treatment options, Air Water Land. Retrieved December 7, 2016 from

http://www.airwaterland.nl/index.php/nl/