© 2018 IJRAR July 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

An Experimental Study on Concrete by Using Waste Glass Powder and Zeolite as Partially Replaced with Cement

1Parekh Smit Ashokkumar, 2Prof. Akash Suthar, 3Prof. Abbas Jamani

1P.G.Student,Dept Of Structural Engineering , LJIET, Ahemdabad

2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Structure Engineering, LJIET, Ahemdabad

3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Structure Engineering, LJIET, Ahemdabad

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Abstract : Global warming is that the gift serious issue and greenhouse gas is one among the harmful gas for this. Concrete is extra emitting greenhouse gas therefore it’s a responsibility of applied scientist to resolve it. Mineral may be a material that absorb harmful gases like greenhouse gas Associate in analysis doesn’t emit it thus we have a tendency to square measure conducting Associate in analysis of engineering properties of concrete natural mineral as supplementary building material within the cement based mostly binder in a quantity of 10% ,20% and 30%. at the side of the structural properties the greenhouse gas absorption ability is additionally evaluated. Departure the waste materials to the setting directly will cause setting downside. thus the utilize of stuff, correct introduction of waste glass powder in concrete improves each the mechanical and chemical characteristics of the concrete. The semi-permanent compressive strength of waste glass powder concrete has been recently questioned by some researchers. Waste glass powder has high oxide made nature and amorphous structure is prone to expansive alkali oxide reaction (ASR) with cement paste, notably in dampish conditions and with high alkali cement. the soundness of building material once doubtless hurtful reactions between cement hydrates and also the reactive aggregates issues. The effectiveness of waste glass powder concrete in resisting injury caused by corrosion of embedded steel has been investigated exploitation Associate accelerated affected voltage testing setup.

Keywords—Waste glass powder, Zeolite, Compressive Strength, Durability.

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I. Introduction

Concrete is that the most typically used material within the Earth. it's calculable that this used of concrete within the Earth is of the order 10 billion tones per years. Humans consume no material except water in such tremendous quantities. The word “concrete” originates from the Latin verb “concretes” which implies to join. it's a material. Concrete is artificial stone prepared from cement, coarse aggregates and fine aggregates and water. Aggregates are 65 to 80 of the degree of the concrete..[1]

Concrete is the most used construction material in the world. Cement is the main binding material in concrete. Over the past 3 decades, the production of cement has grown rapidly all over the world. The cement production in India is expected to grow three-folds by 2050. However, cement production has major environmental issues that are of concern worldwide. For every one tone of clinker manufactured, approximately one tone of CO2 is released to the atmosphere, which contributes almost 5-7% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. In the manufacturing process of cement, the main sources of gas emissions are combustion of fuels and decomposition of CaCO3 to CaO and CO2. [2]

India is the second largest cement producer in the world after China. India produced 285 million tons of cement in the year 2015, with an expected annual growth of approximately 8% to 11% annually in the upcoming years. As the demand on the industry is expected to continue to grow, the prices of cement have been rising constantly due to increasing demand and costs of raw materials. Being relatively new, most of the cement plants in India utilize state-of-the-art technologies that are energy and resource efficient. It has been projected that the production of cement in India is expected to reach 560 MT by 2020[2]. So however environmental friendly consideration is increasing globally thus introducing alternative material which are partially replace of cement.

Reduction and usage of business and domestic waste materials are thought to be vital to produce sustain- ready construction. The wastes of glass production and producing like waste glass sludge and it'd be born-again into powder kind waste are studied for the past few years, and therefore the findings are well accepted as new supplementary cementing materials within the production of concrete.

In the year 2012, the total production of waste glasses in the world was approximately 21 million matric tons [8] the amount is increasing by 2.2% each year [3,6,7,9]. It was estimated that as much as 10–30% of the total glass production goes to waste [4,6,10]. Most of these glass wastes cannot be recycled, and thus present disposal issues at a later age [5,6]. As a result, stated that the use of glass waste in concrete contributes to cost and energy savings, ecological balance, and conservation of natural resources. [6]

Increased use of industrial by-products leads to a decrease of CO2 emission and energy consumption [11,12]. The ecological and economic benefits provide incentives to study the influence of waste glass powder on the performance and durability of cementitious composites. When being incorporated in cementitious composites, waste glass powder can chemically react with CH (calcium hydroxide) to generate the secondary C-S-H (Calcium-Silicate-Hydrates). The process is well known as pozzolanic reaction [11,13]. So glass waste and zeolite both have good pozzolanic behavior, hence use as cement replacement.

So we can use waste glass powder and zeolite as partially replacement of cement for the purpose of we can use industrial by-product as supplementary cementnious material and reduce waste product of industry at landfill or as filling and decrease CO2 emission in environment and also reduce use of natural available like zeolite powder. It therefore leads to eco-friendly construction associated with disposing of waste materials.

II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK

In the present study the feasible application of waste glass powder and zeolite as partial cement replace investigated. An extensive experiment research to consider the addition 0%,10%,20% and 30% of waste glass powder and zeolite in the equal proportion and zero to 100% of replacement with cement replacement was arranged for cube casting and done pilot study for different mixes to perform consistency test, fineness test, initial and final setting test, soundness test and optimum result take for concrete. Then the done mechanical and durability properties for different concrete mixes. Optimum result of concrete applied prouder and also perform mechanical and durability properties for different mixes. Optimum result from concrete mixes apply for compressive strength and acid attack test.

III. MATERIALS1. Cement

Cement used for our research work was OPC 53 grade confirming to IS12269[12]. The physical properties like specific gravity, consistency, initial and final setting time, soundness test, fineness test was carried out and results were obtained in table.

Physical Properties

Result Obtained

Requirements as per IS 12269[12]

Color

Grey

--

Fineness modulus

4%

<10%

Standard consistency

30%

25-35%

Specific gravity

3.15

3.1-3.6

Soundness

2mm

10mm

Initial setting time(minutes)

100

Min. 30

final setting time(minutes)

270

Max. 600

Compressive strength (Mpa)

3 days

28

Min 27(Mpa)

7 days

39

Min 37(Mpa)

28 days

55

Min 53(Mpa)

2. Waste glass powder

There are two different types of glass wastes used as replacement of cement, Colored glass and clear glass wastes. Both type of glass waste was collected from locally available dumping site and other the sources of collecting wastes are like glass polishing, glass work, bottle making industry, etc.

Results of physical property of waste glass powder

Partially replace with cement

Specific gravity

2.85

Fineness modulus

2.65%

Color

White

Chemical Composition of Waste glass powder

Component

Weightage (%)

LOI

3.1

SiO2

71.09

Fe2O3

1.77

SO3

0.03

Al2O3

3.53

MgO

1.56

3. Zeolite

Zeolite receive from industrial area in Vadodara, which is natural zeolite powder. Physical properties of zeolite is color of zeolite is milky white, fineness modulus is 3.0% and specific gravity is 2.10.

Chemical Composition of Zeolite

Component

Weightage (%)

LOI

3.44

SiO2

72.03

Fe2O3

0.67

SO3

0.03

Al2O3

11.90

MgO

1.19

4. coarse aggregate

In this work the size of aggregate is used up to 20 mm. There are no any replacement for coarse aggregate. Grading of coarse aggregate conforming to IS 383:1970[13].

Results of coarse aggregate properties

Physical Properties

Result Obtained

Requirements

Fineness Modulus

7.31

6.50-8

Water Absorption (%)

0.8

Max – 2%

Sp. Gravity

2.70

2.5-2.7

Bulk Density

1.60 gm/cm3

1.52-1.68 gm/cm3

5. Water

Water used for this work for mixing and curing was good quality and having Ph value within permissible limits (IS 456: 2007)[14]

IV. Methodology of work

For pilot study different mixes of concrete mixes are made and perform concrete test for all mixes. Cement replace 0 to 30% with waste glass powder and Zeolite. Also make cube of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. for compressive test.

Also done pilot study for waste glass powder and zeolite which is replace with cement from 0 to 30% and done compressive strength test for that. After result of pilot study for concrete cement replace 0 to 30% for new mixes of concrete and done mechanical and durability test on it. Make cube of size 150 mm x 150mm x 150mm for compressive strength test and for durability perform carbonation depth. After done compressive strength it is check for micro structure test.

From compressive strength result of compressive mixes different proportion of concrete apply for M30 grade of concrete in which coarse aggregate not replace by any waste. Make different mixes of concrete and perform mechanical and durability test like compressive strength and acid attack for that make cube of size 150mmx150mmx150mm.

One more step for the other method in this method replacing martials are submerged in water for a 24 hours and after the mixing in the cement in the wet condition. Only optimum mixes will check for this method it causes workability increase and also heat of hydration will goes down during the curing period. It may be gives the high strength.

V. results and discussion1 . cement paste results Pilot study results (concrete mixes)

REMARK

(cement+wgp+zeolite)

SA

(100+0+0)

M1

(90+5+5)

M2

(80+10+10)

M3

(70+15+15)

M4

(70+0+30)

M5

(70+30+0)

Consistency test (%)[17]

30

32

32

31

31

31

FINENESS TEST(gm)[18]

4

6

6

4

4

4

SOUNDNESS TEST(mm)[19]

2

3

4

3

3

2

INITIAL SETTING TIME(minutes)[20]

100

115

110

105

105

120

FINAL SETTING TIME(minutes)[20]

270

260

245

255

285

260

From pilot study concrete mixes we take proportion of SA, M2 , M3 , M4 for mixes.

2 . concrete compressive strength results (pilot study)

Pilot study results (sand)

Remark

Cement(%) +WGP(%) +zeolite(%)

Average load (KN)

Average Compressive strength (N/mm^2) [21]

C0

100+0+0

873

38.8

C1

90+5+5

911.50

40.51

C2

80+10+10

947.30

40.90

C3

70+15+15

859.50

38.2

C4

70+0+30

812.30

36.1

C5

70+30+0

691.20

30.72

From pilot study we find out when we replace cement with waste glass powder from 0 to 30% strength increase for further increase in waste glass powder strength is decrease. So for cement replace with waste glass powder from 0 to 30%. And optimum condition for the replacement of WGP and zeolite is 25% in the equal proportion.

3 . cement replacement results 3.1 . compressive strength test

Compressive strength test was carried out as per IS 516:1956[15]. The test setup for compressive strength put in figure. Final strength of average three number of specimens are prepared. Test was carried out for 7 and 28 days. So it can be found that from test results when cement replace with waste glass powder up to 25% there is increase in strength but when further increase in waste glass powder strength is decrease. Same in zeolite when increasing in 25 % it will be rise in strength and further rise in replacement level it will be decreasing in strength parameters.

Remark

Cement + waste glass powder + zeolite

(%)

Compressive strength (N/mm^2)

(7,28 days)

C1

100+0+0

19.5

38.8

C2

95+0+5

20.8

39.51

C3

95+5+0

18.8

38.10

C4

90+0+10

21.2

40.51

C5

90+5+5

20.2

40.25

C6

90+10+0

19.2

38.25

C7

85+0+15

22.1

41.6

C8

85+7.5+7.5

20.8

40.90

C9

85+15+0

19.5

38.6

C10

80+0+20

23.2

42.1

C11

80+10+10

21.5

41.15

C12

80+20+0

18.9

40.28

C13

75+0+25

23.6

42.9

C14

75+12.5+12.5

20.95

43.1

C15

75+25+0

18.3

34.1

C16

70+0+30

22.6

36.1

C17

70+15+15

20.2

38.2

C18

70+30+0

17.8

30.72

Compressive strength test performs

4 . concrete results

After done mechanical and durability test on different concrete mixes optimum result applied for M30 grade of concrete. There is no any replacement for coarse aggregate. Mix design is done for M30 grade of concrete. for 1m3 of concrete given mix design according to IS 10260:2019[18]. For M30 grade of concrete done mechanical and durability test like compressive strength and acid attack.

Mix design proportion

Mix Proportions for M-30 grade

Mix Ratio

W/C Ratio

Water

Cement

Sand

Aggregates

1:1.32 : 2.40

0.42

186

443

585

1065

Mix design proportion

Remark

(cement +wgp + zeolite + sand + coarse aggregate)

GA

(100+0+0)

(%)

GA1 (90+5+5)

(%)

GA2

(80+10+10)

(%)

GA3 (70+15+15)

(%)

GA4 (70+20+10)

(%)

GA5 (70+0+30)

(%)

GA6

(70+30+

0)

(%)

Density (kg/m3)

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

Cement (kg/m3)

443

398.7

354.4

310.10

310.10

310.10

310.10

C.A (kg/m3)

1065

1065

1065

1065

1065

1065

1065

F.A (kg/m3)

585

585

585

585

585

585

585

WGP (kg/m3)

0

22.15

44.3

66.45

88.6

0

132.9

Zeolite (kg/m3)

0

22.15

44.3

66.45

44.3

132.9

0

Ratio Of Mix Proportion

1:1.32 : 2.40

1:1.32 : 2.40

1:1.32 : 2.40

1:1.32 : 2.40

1:1.32 : 2.40

1:1.32 : 2.40

1:1.32 : 2.40

4.1 compressive strength test

Compressive strength test was carried out as per IS 516:1956[15]. The test setup for compressive strength put in figure. Final strength of average three number of specimen were prepared. Test was carried out for 7,28 days. So it can be found that from test results when fine aggregate replace with ceramic waste up to 20% there is increase in strength but when further increase in ceramic waste strength is decrease.

Compressive strength test performs

Remark

Cement +waste glass powder+ zeolite

(%)

Compressive strength (N/mm^2)

(7,28 days)

GA

100+0+0

19.5

38.8

GA1

90+5+5

20.8

39.51

GA2

80+10+10

21.5

41.15

GA3

70+15+15

20.2

38.2

GA4

70+20+10

22.6

39.1

GA5

70+0+30

20.2

36.1

GA6

70+30+0

17.8

30.72

4.2 acid attack test

According to ASTM C 267-97[19] Concrete cube of size 150x150x150 mm are prepared. After that the Specimen are casted and curing in mould. After 24 hours all the specimens are demolded and kept in tank for 7 days curing. After 7 day all specimen are kept in atmosphere for 2 days for constant weight, subsequently, the specimens are weighed and immersed in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCL) solution for 56 days. For preparing the sulfuric acid (HCL) solution, 95 gm of water and 5 gm of acid is added. pH value of the solution was checked after preparing of the solution. At every 15 days interval, pH was checked by measuring initial pH value at the time of preparing solution and it should be constant stable up to completion of the test. After 56 days of immersing, the specimens are taken out and washed in running water and kept in atmosphere for 2 days. After that specimens are weighted and from this loss of weight was calculated. Also check the change in compressive strength.

Acid attack results

Remark

Weight

after water curing(kg)

Weight of cube

after 56 days in acid(kg)

Initial strength

(n/mm^2)

Strength of cube after 56days

(n/mm^2)

Reduction in strength after 56 days in acid

(n/mm^2)

GA

8.535

8.420

38.8

32.3

6.50

GA1

8.534

8.358

39.51

34.76

4.75

GA2

8.180

8.142

41.15

36.75

4.40

GA3

8.714

8.520

38.2

32.00

6.20

GA4

8.873

8.747

39.1

33.71

5.39

Acid attack test

5. Conclusion

· From the pilot study and experiments, the replacement of waste glass powder and zeolite powder both are replaced with the percentage of 0 to 30% with cement.

· Compressive strength for concrete shows strength increase for waste glass powder with cement at 20% gives the optimum replacement and good bonding, further increase in waste glass powder its causes strength will decrease.

· XRD tests result illustrated that addition of waste glass powder and zeolite improved the performance of the composite cement up to 25% replacement. It is due to the pozzolanic nature of waste glass powder and zeolite

· Formation of additional C-S-H gel contributed towards the reduction of Ca(OH)2, the pores fill up with hydration products and consequently enhanced the micro structural, strength and durability performance of mortar.

· Addition of waste glass powder its provide the better strength and workability.

· Due to addition of zeolite more than 25% it causes weakness in bonding of concrete it causes not given batter strength.

· Waste glass powder is comes from the wastes it causes lower cost of materials and also zeolite have the lower cost due to this we can manage the material cost with batter strength.

6. Future Scope

· Do more probable replacement level with the other lime present materials.

· Do trial mix with mix design in other materials which have the more lime contains.

· Not use admixture for mix design of concrete so use admixtures in mix design of concrete

· Mix design is done for higher grade of concrete.

· For mechanical properties test only done compressive strength test for concrete so done flexural strength tensile strength test for future scope.

· Done other test of durability for mortar and concrete are chloride ion penetration, sulphate attack, water retentivity permeability, density, porosity etc.

· Separate collection system requires to collect waste from the industries.

7. references

1. Andreola, F., Barbieri, L., Lancellotti, I., Leonelli, C., Manfredini, T., 425 2016. Recycling of industrial wastes in ceramic manufacturing: state of 426 art and glass case studies. Ceram. Int. 42, 13333–13338.

2. “The effect of properties of fly ash on strength and microstructure development of mortars” Amarpreet Kaur thesis.

3. R. Idir, M. Cyr and A. Tagnit-Hamou, Use of waste glass powder and aggregate in cement based materials, SBEIDCO 1st international conference on sustainable built environment infrastructure in developing countries ENSET Oran Algeria Oct. 2009.

4. Feng N, Peng G. Applications of natural zeolite to construction and building materials in China. Constr Build Mater 2005;19(8):579–84.

5. Uzal B, Turanli L, Bektas F. Studies on blended cements containing a high volume of natural pozzolans. Cem Concr Res 2003;33:1777–81.

6. Feng NQ, Ma CC, Ji XH. Natural zeolite for preventing expansion due to alkali aggregate reaction. Cement concrete Aggregates,ASTM 1992;14:93]96.

7. Lim, N.H.A.S.; Mohammadhosseini, H.; Tahir, M.M.; Samadi, M.; Sam, A.R.M.: Microstructure and strength properties of mor- tar containing waste ceramic nanoparticles. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 43(10), 5305–5313 (2018)

8. Torkittiku, P.; Chaipanich, A.: Utilization of ceramic waste as fine aggregate within Portland cement and fly ash concretes. Cement Concrete Compos. 32(6), 440–449 (2010)

9. Chuanlin Hu, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of fly ash blended cement pastes.” Journal of Construction and Building Materials – 2014

10. Li ZJ. Advanced concrete technology. John Wiley & Sons; 2011

11. .

12. IS 12269:2013 Indian standard ordinary Portland cement 53 grade specification

13. IS: 383:1970 – specifications for fine & coarse aggregate from natural sources for concrete.

14. IS: 456:2000 – code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.

15. IS 516:1956 Indian standard for methods of tests for strength of concrete

16. ASTM C1403 - 15 Standard Test Method for Rate of Water Absorption of Masonry Mortar

17. ASTM C 1585-04 “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes”

18. IS 10262:2019 Concrete Mix Design Proportioning — Guidelines

19. ASTM C 267-97 “Standard Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacing and Polymer Concretes”

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