[IJCAI 2016] Ordering Concepts Based on Common Attribute Intensity
Ijcai nyc ai summit 20140224 v1
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© 2014 IBM Corporation
Theme 3: Strong AI, Integrated AI, Open AI, Challenges
Jim Spohrer, Director Global University Programs and Cognitive Systems InstituteFebruary 2014
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New Era of Computing
Watson – Analytic Cognition– OpenPOWER
Watson Architectures– Reasoning, Logic & Planning– Symbolic Processing– Natural Language Processing– Ranking of Hypotheses– Knowledge Representations– Domain-Specific Ontologies– Information Storage/Retrieval– Machine Learning
SyNAPSE – Intuitive Cognition– Brain-Inspired
SyNAPSE Architectures– Recognition, Sensing & Acting– Pattern Processing– Image & Speech Processing– Ranking of Hypotheses– Pattern Representations– Domain-Specific Neural Nets– Information Storage/Retrieval– Machine Learning
Rapidly Evolving Cognitive Systems Architectures
Cognition as a Service
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Grand Challenges
Artificial Intelligence– Cognitive Sport & Games– Deep Blue (Chess)– Watson (Jeopardy!)– Robocup– TradingAgents– DARPA Grand Challenges– NIST Competitions– Hutter Prize– Loebner Prize
Intelligence Augmentation– Pass professional certification exams– Improve performance –
both productivity and creativity– Problem-solving professionals– Researchers– Research Teams– Research Universities– Regions– Cognitive Enterprise
Data Sets, Tools & Services
Cognition as a Service
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Challenges
Strong AIIntegrated AI
Open AISub-discipline silos
Missing Integration Architecture
– Game 1: Single univ.– Game 2: Strongest link– Game 3: Weakest link
Reality & Scale-Missing Data-Missing Models-Missing ObjFunc-Missing Stakeholders-Missing Integration Arch
Challenge:Boot-up ultra-intelligent machine (per Stuart Russell, Berkeley)
Sub-challenges: existing grand challenges (Hutter Prize, Loebner Prize, Robocup, Trading Agents, BlueGene, Jeopardy, plus research paper, plus kick starter campaign)
© 2014 IBM Corporation
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Back up
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Cognitive Systems Institute
Virtual Institute to encourage and to advance cognitive systems research:
POVs from Academia, Industry, Governments, Professional Associations
Development of Curriculum, Data Sets, Tools & Services, Grand Challenges
Cognitive Science the Study of Cognitive Systems – Their Design & Evolution
Cogs = Individual Cognitive System Entities (Local Capabilities)
CogNets = Ecology of Nested, Networked Cogs (Collective Capabilities)
Theme: Cognitive Science and the Transformation of Business & Society
How will advanced cognitive systems change what and how we learn, work & play?
How will cognitive systems improve performance (productivity & creativity) of:
Researchers & their teams? Research universities & their regions?
How will “cognitive bulldozers plow through big data” to accelerate:
Learning? Discovery? Engagement (scaling innovations for benefit of society)?
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Cogs & CogNets
Cogs: Degrees of capability for processing information about environment, self-others
Living: Biological Reproduction (Natural)
Examples: People, Animals
Awareness Levels: Spatial, SocialRoles, Temporal
Non-Living: Manufactured Production (Human-Made)
Example: Sophisticated Sensors, Smart Phones
Capability Levels: Memory, Processing, Bandwidth
CogNets: Ecology of nested, networks Cogs – design and evolution
Rights: Governance Infrastructure Scaling (Governed)
Examples: Businesses, Governments
Responsibility Levels: To Customers, Citizens, Employees, Shareholders, etc.
No-Rights: Technology Infrastructure Scaling (Owned)
Examples: Data Centers, Internet Nodes
Capability Levels: Self-healing, learning, threat-detection
BORO Method(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BORO_method)
- Entities- Set of Entities- Relations
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IBM University Programs: Cognitive Systems Offerings & LevelsResources for Faculty and Students (Under Development Now)
Access to Information (First Level – Careers: Readiness & Skills):– Software
• Watson APIs in the Cloud (for fee)• SyNAPSE Corlet Programming Language• Developer Works Support Communities• “Mini-Watsons” Toolkits for Teaching• Corlet Simulator
– Online Video Lectures, Courses & Games– Great Minds Student Challenges
Access to Interaction (Second Level – Collaborations: Research & Experts): Subject Matter Experts (SME) to Work with FacultyIndustry Coaches to Work with StudentsCollaboration on Journal Special Issues, Books, Case StudiesConference Sessions, Professional Association SIGsResearch Grand Challenges
Access to Investment (Third Level – Change: Cognitive Enterprise & Regional Development): Competitively-Awarded Access to Advanced Watson APIs in the Cloud (e.g., SoftLayer)Competitively-Awarded Funding for Hardware, Faculty Awards and PhD FellowshipsCo-Investment in Regional Transformation of Productivity & Creativity/Discovery
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We Leverage Large Community of IBMers Who Work With Universities
300 University Partnership Executives; 140 in U.S.
300 Client Reps + 300 Managers Assigned to Universities with PEPs
500 members of the Global University Programs Team
University Technical Partnership Executives – being assigned now
150 University Technical Advocates assigned to key universities
1500 Members of University Ambassador Community
275 Members of University Recruiting Community
1150 Members of IBM on Campus Community
1000 Technical Leaders in Academy of Technology
>400,000 IBM employees worldwide,most are alumni, many with recent degreesand certifications from universities
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Key Skills Needed for Cognitive Computing
Natural Language Processing (Watson)
Pattern Recognition (SyNAPSE)
Machine Learning (Watson & SyNAPSE)
Core Text Search and Analytics
Data Mining, Information Retrieval
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Neural Networks
Academic Fields – Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Pattern Recognition, Text Search and Analytics, Speech and Image Processing, Computational Linguistics, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Information Retrieval and Management, Human Computer Interaction, Sensing and Actuation (Robotics), Social Intelligence, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, Behavioral Science
Emerging Academic Fields – Cognitive Computer Science, Cognitive Information Systems, Computational Neuroscience, Social Physics
Cognition as a Service
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Global University Programs: 6 R’s
1.Research (Collaboration)
2.Readiness (Skills)
3.Recruiting (Jobs)
4.Revenue (Solutions)
5.Responsibility (Volunteers)
6.Regions (Smarter Cities, Startups and Workforce)
Faculty Awards
Shared University Research Awards
Open Collaborative Research Awards
PhD Fellowships
Student Contests
Partnership Executive Program (PEP)
© 2014 IBM Corporation13
University Programs Experience Creating Skills Programs
Service Science – 2005
Smarter Planet, Smarter Cities – 2009
Business Analytics, Big Data - 2010
Data Management, Data Science – 2011
Cyber Security – 2012
Cloud Computing -2012
Digital Marketing – 2013
Cognitive Systems - 2014