IIndustrialndustrial LINAC at NDT laboratory LINAC at NDT laboratory and its potential applicationsand its potential applicationsand its potential applicationsand its potential applications

PIOTR WILKPIOTR WILKWROCŁAW TECHNOLOGY PARKWROCŁAW TECHNOLOGY PARK

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InfrastructureInfrastructureLambdaLambda buildingbuilding

BunkerBunker (radiation(radiation protection)protection)

AcceleratorAccelerator::AcceleratorAccelerator::PrinciplePrinciple ofof operatingoperatingBeamBeam parametersparametersManipulatorsManipulators

AppApplicationslicationsRadiographyRadiography

SemiconductorsSemiconductorsSemiconductorsSemiconductorsGemstonesGemstonesPolymersPolymersUtilizationUtilization,, sterylizationsterylization

FutureFuture plansplansTomographyTomography,, electronelectron beembeem applicatorsapplicators

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Lambda Lambda BuildingBuilding

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BunkerBunker

DARK ROOM

CORRIDOR

CONTROL ROOM

ELECTRONIC MONITORINGSYSTEM

VOICE CONTACT SYSTEM

SAFETY SWITCHES

FORK-LIFT TRUCKOBJECT

MANIPULATOR

INDUSTRIALACCELERATOR

STATION

MEDICALACCELERATOR

STATION

ACCELERATOR

CONCRETE DOORS

LABYRINTHRELOADING ROOM

PAR

KIN

G

FORK-LIFT TRUCKMANIPULATOR

DETECTORMANIPULATOR

CONVEYOR BELTGANTRY CRANE

ACCESS ROAD 4

Industrial Industrial acceleratoraccelerator stationstation

Produced by National Centre for Nuclear Research - Świerk5

PrinciplePrinciple of of operatingoperating

REFLECTED WAVECOUPLER

INCIDENT WAVE

COUPLER

WATER LOAD

TUNINGMECHANISM

MO

DU

LATO

RS

STANDING WAVE ACCELERATING

STRUCTURE

TARGET

IONIZATIONCHAMBER

COUPLER

MICROWAVEISOLATOR

CIRCULATOR

MAGNETRON

MECHANISM

MICROWAVEWINDOW

SOLIDCOLLIMATOR

RADIATIONCONE

MO

DU

LATO

RS

STRUCTURE

ELECTRON GUN

VACUUM PUMP

SOLENOID FOCUSING COILS

DUBLET COILS

FLATERINGFILTER

SUP

PLY

SUPPLY

CONE

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ParametersParametersX-RAY BEAM ENERGY dual: 6 or 9 MV

X-RAY BEAM DOSE RATE max. 20 Gy/min for 9 MeVat the distance 1 m from target

RADIATION STABILITY ≤≤≤≤ 2% during the period of 8 hours

X-RAY BEAM ASYMMETRY ±±±± 5%

RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY 1-2T or better

FOCAL SPOT SIZE 2 mm

RADIATION LEAKAGE ≤≤≤≤ 0,1 %

X-RAY BEAM FLATNESS better than 10%within 80% of beam width around

radiation axis

HALF-VALUE LAYER (9 MV) 30,0 mm for STEEL15,2 mm for LEAD

PRIMARY COLLIMATOR CONE 28°°°°IRRADIATION FIELD DIAMETER 50 cm

in the plane located 1 m from the target

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ManipulatorsManipulatorsAccelerator (2 axes)

Vertical: Z = 1,5 mTilting: αααα: ±±±± 22,5°°°°

Object (3 axes)Horizontal: X,Y = 1 m

Rotating: 360 °°°°Load: 5 tons

Detector (2 axes)Vertical: Z = 1,5 m

Horizontal: X = 0,6 m

`

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RadiographyRadiography

Radiography - imaging technique

Certain amount of photons is absorbedby the object.by the object.

Detector (film) illustrates the internalstructure (density distribution).

Subject of studies are:castings, bridges spans, cointainersand welds

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Workshop on Radiation Effects Workshop on Radiation Effects in in Superconducting Superconducting Magnets and Materials 2014 Magnets and Materials 2014

RadiographyRadiography::

Point

Source

Object

Detecting

Plane

Object

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Workshop on Radiation Effects Workshop on Radiation Effects in in Superconducting Superconducting Magnets and Materials 2014 Magnets and Materials 2014

RadiographyRadiography

Object

Point

Source

Object

Detecting

Plane

X- Ray Film X- Ray Film

Density Plot

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Workshop on Radiation Effects Workshop on Radiation Effects in in Superconducting Superconducting Magnets and Materials 2014 Magnets and Materials 2014

RadiographyRadiography

Object

Point

Source

Detecting

Plane

X- Ray Film X- Ray Film

Density Plot

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RadiographyRadiography

Object

Real

Source

Detecting

Plane

X- Ray Film X- Ray Film

Density Plot

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RadiographyRadiography

Object

Real

Source

Object

Detecting

Plane

X- Ray Film X- Ray Film

Density Plot

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Workshop on Radiation Effects Workshop on Radiation Effects in in Superconducting Superconducting Magnets and Materials 2014 Magnets and Materials 2014

RadiographyRadiography

Object

Point

Source

Object

Detecting

Plane

X- Ray Film X- Ray Film

Density Plot

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1,0E+18

1,0E+20

mu

ltip

licyt

yIo

/I d = 100 cm

d = 50 cm

d = 25 cm

I0 /I = exp[(µ/ρ)µ/ρ)µ/ρ)µ/ρ)d]

RadiographyRadiography

1,0E+06

1,0E+08

1,0E+10

1,0E+12

1,0E+14

1,0E+16

Att

en

uat

ion

mu

ltip

licyt

y

d = 25 cm

d = 15 cm

d = 10 cm

d = 5 cm

d = 2 cm

d = 1 cm

1,0E+00

1,0E+02

1,0E+04

1,0E+06

0,0625 0,125 0,25 0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32

Energy [MeV]

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ElectronicsElectronics

Diodes or transistors after beeing irradiated with electrons

improve their switching speed improve their switching speed

(But it can be recovered by annealing)

Advantages:

Switching speed increases

Also finished products can be irradiatedAlso finished products can be irradiated

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Gemstones irradiated with electrons change their color

Examples

Diamond Quartz

JewelleryJewellery

Diamond Quartz

BROWN AMETHYST ROSEGREEN BLUE

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PolymersPolymers

Scissioning

Radiation can influnce the structure of polymers

Cross-linking

G(X)G(S)

Three-dimensionallinks between

adjacentpolymer chains

G(X)G(S)

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PolymersPolymers

Grafting

Radiation can influnce the structure of polymers

Low molecularpolymer

Backbone polymer chain

polymer

High molecularpolymer

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PolymersPolymersInsulation jacketing (wires)

Resistant to fire and short circuit

Resistant to chemical solvents

Higher tensile strength

The use of volatile organic coumpounds is not neccessary

Curring of ink or coatings

Higher tensile strength

Tires vulcanisation

Degradation

Teflon to produce powdersTeflon to produce powders

Cellulose to produce viscose

Ion selective membranes

Heat-shrinkable tubes and foils

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SterylizationSterylization

Medical instruments dezinfection

Waste water treatment

(Salmonella and E. coli)Scissioning the DNA of patogens

Medical instruments dezinfection

Food Food conservationconservationKills patogens and insects

Sprout inhibiting

Delay of ripening

EnviromentEnviroment

Flue gas treatment - high efficiency of SOx NOx removalBy pass product is fertilizer

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FutureFuture plansplans

Tomography

Electron beam applicators

Extra equipment for NDT laboratory

Material science laboratory

Utrasonic defectoscope

Videoendoscope

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Maybe magnet

Micro-CT, SEM, XRDChemical analyserHardness testersServohydraulic fatigue machines

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