III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 1. The Rhyniophyta -vascular system of phloem and...
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Transcript of III. Plant Diversity B. Tracheophyte Origins 1. The Rhyniophyta -vascular system of phloem and...
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III. Plant Diversity
B. Tracheophyte Origins
1. The Rhyniophyta
-vascular system of phloem and xylem
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III. Plant Diversity
B. Tracheophyte Origins
1. The Rhyniophyta
Silurian – 440 mya
-vascular system of phloem and xylem
-“tracheids” in sporophytes
-- water and nutrient distribution
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Gymnosperms Angiosperms
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III. Plant Diversity
B. Tracheophyte Origins
1. The Rhyniophyta
-vascular system of phloem and xylem
-“tracheids” in sporophytes
-- water and nutrient distribution
-- lignin and support
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III. Plant Diversity
B. Tracheophyte Origins
4. Life History: simple (primitive) - Homospory
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Lycophytes
(Club Mosses)
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses)
- ancient; dominated first “forests” 300-350 mya
Lepidodendron - 45m -Carboniferous
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses)
- ancient; dominated first “forests” 300-350 mya
- simple leaves
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses)
- ancient; dominated first “forests” 300-350 mya
- simple leaves
- Dominant Sporophyte
(with stobili)
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Lycophytes - (Club Mosses)
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Ferns “and their allies”
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Ferns “and their allies”
- true complex leaves
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
1. Ferns “and their allies”
- true complex leaves
- true roots
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III. Plant Diversity
C. Non-seed Tracheophytes
2. Ferns “and their allies”
- true complex leaves
- true roots
- also ancient; appearing 350 mya
- dominant sporophyte; reduced gametophyte
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Fern Life Cycle:
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
- heterospory
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
- heterospory
- seeds: lipid-rich endosperm packaged with
the zygote
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
1. General Characteristics- heterospory- seeds: lipid-rich endosperm packaged with the zygote-pollen: - no more swimming sperm!!
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
2. Gymnosperms – “naked seed”a. Evolutionary History
- dominated during Permian (280 mya) and through Mesozoic, and still dominate in dry env. Today (high latitudes, sandy soils)
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
2. Gymnosperms – “naked seed”a. Evolutionary History
- dominated during Permian (280 mya) and through Mesozoic, and still dominate in dry env. Today (high latitudes, sandy soils)
b. Diversity- cycads- ginko - Gnetales - conifers
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
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c. Gymnosperm Life Cycle
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
3. Angiosperms – “flowering plants”
- double fertilization
- triploid endosperm
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
3. Angiosperms
- double fertilization
- triploid endosperm
- fruits
- flowers
Both serve to bribe animals to disperse either
Pollen or seeds NON-RANDOMLY. More likely to end up in a similar habitat.
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
3. Angiosperms
- Angiosperm History
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III. Plant Diversity
D. Seed Tracheophytes
3. Angiosperms
- Angiosperm History
- Diversity
- evolutionary trends:
primitive derived
insect pollinated wind pollinated
terrestrial aquatic
“woody” herbaceous