Monohybrid cross: cross between two parents with diference in a single character or single pair of allele. Height : Tall and short Flower : Pink and white Color of the seed: green and yellow Shape of the seed: round and wrinkled ihybrid cross: Cross between two parents with diference in a two character or two pairs of alleles. Color and shape of the seed: !ellow" #ound Seed $ %reen" &rinkled Seed!ellow color do'inant o(er greencolor#ound shape do'inant o(er wrinkle )n the parental generation #ound pure breeding alsohad !ellow ho'o*ygous character" and &rinkle pure breeding had green ho'o*ygous character )n F+ both the shape and color beca'e hetero*ygous hence e$pressed only the do'inant character" that is #ound and !ellow"howe(er all four factors were present in the F+ ,#r!y-uring ti'e of ga'e for'ation each pair of factors segregated fro' each other for'ing either do'inant or recessi(e factor for each ga'ete. .ut the /uestion was how four diferent co'binations appeared in the progeny. Mendel argued that the pair of factors for roundness 'ust be beha(ing independently of the pair of factors for yellow colour of seeds. )n other words" one factor for a character 'ust be passing independently of a factor for another character. Thus in the F+ hybrids" R and r pass into diferent ga'etes. Si'ilar probabilities e$ist for Y and y ga'etes. )t follows that the probability that R and Y should go to the sa'e ga'ete is one0fourth" as also of R and y" r and Y" and r and y. Therefore" ga'etes containing factors RY" Ry" rY and ry should for' in e/ual proportions. So when the F+ was selfed both parents produced four types of ga'etes" during the ti'e of fertili*ation all ga'etes ha(e ea/ula chances of fertili*ing with all four types of ga'etes and as result two new co'bination of ofspring were produced. He (eri1ed the result by test cross by crossing F+ hybrid with double recessi(e parent ,rryy- and got the following result con1r'ing the for'ation of four types of ga'es Fro' the results of his dihybrid crosses" Mendel reali*ed the following facts. 2t the ti'e of ga'ete for'ation the segregation of alleles R and r into separate ga'etes occurs independently of the segregation of alleles Y and y. That is why the resulting ga'etes contain all possible co'binations of these alleles" i.e. RY" Ry" rY, ry. )n this way Mendel pro(ed that when two characters are considered in a cross" there is independent assort'ent of genes for each character" and this beca'e the Law of Independent Assortment. Find out the ratio of round and wrinkled seeded plant a'ong the progenies of a cross between +. #r!! 3 rr!y4. #ryy 3 #r!! Find out the proportion of !ellow seeded progenies fro' the cross between+. ##!y 3 rr!!4. #r!! 3 #ryyMultiple alleleM is a 'ultiple allelic gene" ha(ing four allele ,M" M+" M4 5 M6-. How 'any alleles would be present in an indi(idual with hetero*ygous genotype7 How 'any alleles would be present in an indi(idual with ho'o*ygous genotype7 )n the 'ultiple allele series that deter'ines coat color in rabbits" C8 codes for agouti ,brown fur- " cch for chinchilla" ch for Hi'alayan and ca for albino. o'inance is in the order C 8 9cch9ch 9 c. )n a cross of C8 :cch 3 cch:ch" what proportion of progeny will be chinchilla7C+C+, C+cch, C+ch, C+ccchcch, cchch, cchcchch, chc cc