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Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks

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The chemicals in the melted rock material determine the color of the resulting rock.

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Extrusive igneous rock form when melted rock material cools on Earths surface Form in two ways: - volcanic eruption - fissures on Earths crust

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Granitic (gra NIH tihk) rock are light color. Extrusive igneous rocks are often granitic. .

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Intrusive : igneous rock forms when the melted rock material cools below Earths surface.

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Intrusive igneous rocks form when huge glob of magma from inside Earth is forced upward toward the surface but never reaches it.

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The magma stays underneath the Earths surfaces cooling for millions of years. This allows for minerals in the magma to form crystals. This is why most intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals.

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Sedimentary rocks: are a type of rock made from pieces of other rocks, dissolved minerals, or plant and animal matter that collect to form rock layers. How do you think they form or break apart? - wind, waves, rivers, etc. & then it is deposited to form rock

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Examples: Detrital, Chemical, and Organic rocks All these types of sedimentary rocks can be created from igneous, metamorphic and even more sedimentary rocks.

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Detrital Rocks: are a type of sediment. made out of grains of minerals or other rocks that have moved and been deposited in layers by water, ice, gravity or wind.

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Detrital rocks can be identify by the size of the grains that make up the rock. Shale, siltstone, sandstone and pebbles are all different types of Detrital rocks.

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Pebbles mixed with other sediment and create a rock called conglomerates.

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Another type of sedimentary rocks are rocks that have formed from evaporation or other chemical process, these are chemical rocks.

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Chemical sedimentary rocks form when seawater loaded with dissolved mineral evaporates. Chemical sedimentary rocks also forms when mineral-rich water from geysers, hot springs, or salty lakes evaporates. As the water evaporates, layers of the minerals are left behind.

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A fossil is the remains or trace of a once-living plant, animal, or microbe. Fossils are type of limestone that is made up over millions of years from these organisms. Fossils can be found in all three types of sedimentary rocks detrital, chemical, and organic.