Ightning arrester

A SEMINAR A SEMINAR ON ON

LIGHTING ARRESTERLIGHTING ARRESTER

SUBMITTED BY:-SUBMITTED BY:- RAMNIWAS GURJARRAMNIWAS GURJAR CLASS:- B.TECH [VIII] CLASS:- B.TECH [VIII]

SEM.SEM. ELECTRICAL ENGG.ELECTRICAL ENGG.

Lightning arresters or surge diverters are used to protect the earth screen and ground wires in an electrical system against direct lightning strokes. They conduct the high voltage surges to the ground without getting affected to the system. The lightning arrestor provides a cone of protection which has a ground radius approximately equal to its height above the ground.

The surge diverters consist of a spark gap in series with a nonlinear resistor. The function of non linear resistor is very important. As the gap sparks over, due to the over voltage, the arc would get short circuited and may cause power flow current in the arrester. Since the characteristic of the resistor is to offer high resistance to high voltage, it prevents the effect of a short circuit. After the surge is over, the resistor offers high resistance to make the gap non-conducting.

One end of the arrestor would be connected to the terminal of the equipment to be protected and other end would be grounded. The length of the spark gap is set in such a way that normal line voltage is enough to cause an arc across the gap but high voltage would break down the air insulation and form an arc.

INRTODUCTION



SUBMITTED BY:-SUBMITTED BY:- RAMNIWAS GURJARRAMNIWAS GURJAR CLASS:- B.TECH [VIII] CLASS:- B.TECH [VIII]

SEM.SEM. ELECTRICAL ENGG.ELECTRICAL ENGG.

INSTALATION OF LIGHTNING ARRESTOR ON BUILDING :-

Accessories required during installation of the IONIFLASH :

TesterThe ESE Air Terminal active heads can be checked by the tester any time. The tester will indicate OK or FAULT

Lightning Strike CounterThe lightning strike counter is able to count all lightning events for a latter reference. It has a mechanical counter display.

InstallationInstallation 1.Lightning Arrestor1.Lightning Arrestor 2.GI / SS Mast2.GI / SS Mast 3.Down conductor (Cu cable/Strip)3.Down conductor (Cu cable/Strip) 4.Bar saddle, Top clamp, Nuts & Bolts, 4.Bar saddle, Top clamp, Nuts & Bolts,

5.Anchor fasteners.5.Anchor fasteners. 6.Maintenance Free Chemical Earthing 6.Maintenance Free Chemical Earthing

INSTALATION OF LIGHTING ARRESTOR ON BULDING :-

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION :-The function of the lightning rods consists of emitting an ascending electrical unloading to influence the effect of the descendent tracer. When one propagates towards the cloud, this ascending unloading generates an electric field sufficient to modify the trajectory of the descendent tracer, allowing the unloading of the ray to earth. This process can be realized naturally but the action of lightning rods IONIFLASH allows a fast activation but, providing an effective protection but. This it is the concept of the fattened advance of.

2.It does not need external power supply.

3. It does not need special maintenance.

1.Level of protection classified of very high.



WITHOUT PROTECTED HOUSE WITH LIGHTING ARRESTOR :-

PROTECTED HOUSE WITH LIGHTING ARRESTOR :-



EARTHING ARRENGMENT OF LIGHTING ARRESTOR :-

GI SAFE ERTHING ELECTRODE :-GI SAFE ERTHING ELECTRODE :-

1.This is the Chemical Ground Electrodes

2. It provide a low-impedance ground in locations of high soil resistively.

3.Together with JMV Backfill Compound, the system dissipates lightning energy and other dangerous electrical fault currents, even in sandy or rocky soil conditions.

Copper Earthing Electrode :-

Copper electrodes offer these benefits such as:-

1.Total resistance against corrosion, ensuring uniform earth contact resistance throughout the entire lifetime of the installation optimal electrical conductivity and mechanical strength continuous electrode to connection points allows connection to other earthing systems (such as foundation earthing)

Copper Bonded Electrode :-Copper Bonded Electrode :-

1.Copper bond earth rods are the ideal driven earth electrodes. 2.They offer the installer an economical and efficient earth rod grounding system. 3.Pure electrolyte copper is uniformly molecularly bonded into a high tensile steel core to a minimum thickness of 0.254 mm, thus ensuring excellent corrosion resistance and eliminating electrolytic action.4.Coupling threads are formed by a rolling process to ensure thread strength and to maintain the integrity of the molecularly bonded copper.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURGE DIVERETERS :-

Surge diverters are available depending on the purpose.

1.Some of them are Rod gap arrester.

2.Horn gap arrester

3.Multigap arrester.

4.Expulsion type lighting arrester and

5.Valve gap arrester.

Each of them has variety of range of operating conditions.

FIRST PHASE The voltage between the cloud and the ground increases until an ionized path is created emanating from the cloud. That ionized path travels in leaps towards the earth.

SECOND PHASE The extremity of the leader has the same potential as the cloud. As the leader nears the earth, the atmospheric potential increases above the ground and the IONIFLASH is electrically charged.

PHASES OF THE LIGHTING ARRESTERS:-

THIRD PHASE When the extremity of the leader arrives at a critical position, the IONIFLASH reaches its maximum electrical charge, and the streamer emission of the accumulated current is produced on its extremity which ionizes the air around the summit.

FOURTH PHASE The electrical arc, generated at the tip of the IONIFLASH, provokes a streamer emission which rises toward the leader more quickly than on a simple rod (it is the early streamer emission).

FIFTH PHASE The link between the earth and the cloud is formed and the lightning current passes along the ionized path.

SIXTH PHASE Several electrical discharges can rapidly follow the first one.

SEVENTH PHASE The voltages between the cloud and ground are equalised and electrical discharges cease.

Ightning arrester

Engineering

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